GPMDB00165OtherSelvam RM, et al.InstrumentNot AvailableNot availableAspergillus_flavus_nrrl335725497218dharmalingam.k@gmail.comAravind Eye Hospital, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Indiahttp://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034368http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034369http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034363http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034364http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034365http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034366http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034370http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034361http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034362Not availableGPMDBThe outcome of a fungal infection in an immunocompetent human eye depends on the ability of the fungus to overcome the host defense and propagate itself. In this process, the earliest events with respect to the fungal proteins involved include the secretory proteins of the invading organism. As a first step towards understanding the role of the extracellular proteins, exoproteome profile of the fungal isolates was generated. The fungal isolates from cornea showed a distinct pattern of the exoproteome when compared to the saprophyte. Since corneal isolates also showed higher virulence in the insect larval model, presumably the proteins elaborated by the corneal isolates are virulence related. One of the abundant proteins is an alkaline serine protease and this protein exists as multiple proteoforms. This study reports the comprehensive profile of exoproteome and reveals proteins that are potential virulence factors.Aspergillus flavus infects the human eye leading to keratitis. Extracellular proteins, the earliest proteins that come in contact with the host and virulence related exoproteins, were identified in the fungus isolated from infected cornea. Virulence of the corneal isolates was tested in the Galleria mellonella larvae model and those isolates showing higher virulence were taken for subsequent exoproteome analysis. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to generate A. flavus exoproteome reference map as well as to profile most of the exoproteins. Analysis of the identified proteins clearly shows the major biological processes that they are involved in. Nearly 50% of the exoproteins possess catalytic activity and one of these, an alkaline serine protease (Alp1) is present in high abundance as well as multiple proteoforms. Many proteins in the A. flavus exoproteome have been shown to be virulence factors in other pathogens indicating the probable role for these proteins in the corneal infection as well. Interestingly, the majority of the exoproteins do not have secretory signal indicating that they are secreted through the non-classical pathway. Thus, this study provides a clue to the early strategies employed by the pathogen to establish an infection in an immunocompetent host.Aspergillus flavus infects the human eye leading to keratitis. Extracellular proteins, the earliest proteins that come in contact with the host and virulence related exoproteins, were identified in the fungus isolated from infected cornea. Virulence of the corneal isolates was tested in the Galleria mellonella larvae model and those isolates showing higher virulence were taken for subsequent exoproteome analysis. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to generate A. flavus exoproteome reference map as well as to profile most of the exoproteins. Analysis of the identified proteins clearly shows the major biological processes that they are involved in. Nearly 50% of the exoproteins possess catalytic activity and one of these, an alkaline serine protease (Alp1) is present in high abundance as well as multiple proteoforms. Many proteins in the A. flavus exoproteome have been shown to be virulence factors in other pathogens indicating the probable role for these proteins in the corneal infection as well. Interestingly, the majority of the exoproteins do not have secretory signal indicating that they are secreted through the non-classical pathway. Thus, this study provides a clue to the early strategies employed by the pathogen to establish an infection in an immunocompetent host.The outcome of a fungal infection in an immunocompetent human eye depends on the ability of the fungus to overcome the host defense and propagate itself. In this process, the earliest events with respect to the fungal proteins involved include the secretory proteins of the invading organism. As a first step towards understanding the role of the extracellular proteins, exoproteome profile of the fungal isolates was generated. The fungal isolates from cornea showed a distinct pattern of the exoproteome when compared to the saprophyte. Since corneal isolates also showed higher virulence in the insect larval model, presumably the proteins elaborated by the corneal isolates are virulence related. One of the abundant proteins is an alkaline serine protease and this protein exists as multiple proteoforms. This study reports the comprehensive profile of exoproteome and reveals proteins that are potential virulence factors.<h4>Unlabelled</h4>Aspergillus flavus infects the human eye leading to keratitis. Extracellular proteins, the earliest proteins that come in contact with the host and virulence related exoproteins, were identified in the fungus isolated from infected cornea. Virulence of the corneal isolates was tested in the Galleria mellonella larvae model and those isolates showing higher virulence were taken for subsequent exoproteome analysis. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to generate A. flavus exoproteome reference map as well as to profile most of the exoproteins. Analysis of the identified proteins clearly shows the major biological processes that they are involved in. Nearly 50% of the exoproteins possess catalytic activity and one of these, an alkaline serine protease (Alp1) is present in high abundance as well as multiple proteoforms. Many proteins in the A. flavus exoproteome have been shown to be virulence factors in other pathogens indicating the probable role for these proteins in the corneal infection as well. Interestingly, the majority of the exoproteins do not have secretory signal indicating that they are secreted through the non-classical pathway. Thus, this study provides a clue to the early strategies employed by the pathogen to establish an infection in an immunocompetent host.<h4>Biological significance</h4>The outcome of a fungal infection in an immunocompetent human eye depends on the ability of the fungus to overcome the host defense and propagate itself. In this process, the earliest events with respect to the fungal proteins involved include the secretory proteins of the invading organism. As a first step towards understanding the role of the extracellular proteins, exoproteome profile of the fungal isolates was generated. The fungal isolates from cornea showed a distinct pattern of the exoproteome when compared to the saprophyte. Since corneal isolates also showed higher virulence in the insect larval model, presumably the proteins elaborated by the corneal isolates are virulence related. One of the abundant proteins is an alkaline serine protease and this protein exists as multiple proteoforms. This study reports the comprehensive profile of exoproteome and reveals proteins that are potential virulence factors.Exoproteome of Aspergillus flavus corneal isolates and saprophytes: identification of proteoforms of an oversecreted alkaline protease.Selvam Ramu Muthu RM,Nithya Rathnavel R,Devi Palraj Narmatha PN,Shree R S Bhuvana RS,Nila Murugesan Valar MV,Demonte Naveen Luke NL,Thangavel Chitra C,Maheshwari Jayapal Jeya JJ,Lalitha Prajna P,Prajna Namperumalsamy Venkatesh NV,Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu K,Selvam Ramu Muthu RM, Nithya Rathnavel R, Devi Palraj Narmatha PN, Shree R S Bhuvana RS, Nila Murugesan Valar MV, Demonte Naveen Luke NL, Thangavel Chitra C, Maheshwari Jayapal Jeya JJ, Lalitha Prajna P, Prajna Namperumalsamy Venkatesh NV, Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu Kingensin, lens neutral proteinase, large multicatalytic protease, Identification, multicatalytic proteinase (complex), proteasome endopeptidase complex., Petromyces flavus, tricorn protease, Identifications (Psychology), prosome, 26S protease, threonine endopeptidase activity, multicatalytic endopeptidase complex, MCP, alkaline protease, multicatalytic proteinase, alkaline proteinase, tricorn proteinasehost organism, cornea, visual_system, Keratitides, human being, photoreceptor, compound eye, JCAP, regio orbitalis, determination, GLM2, Slf, Slpa, Eseptin, tunica cornea, Somatomedin-C, adult compound eye, Gene, FPH2, Spectrum Analyses, Homo sapiense, cornea of camera-type eye, MHAM, "Komplexauge", Homo spaiens, Electrophoreses, Homo sapien, camera-type eye plus associated structures, Entire cornea, Homo sapians, "Facettenauge", eye, Gene Products, Mass, globe, TEP1, Sint1, Analysis, AF17q25, Mass Spectroscopy, MAP, Mass Spectrum Analysis, light-detecting organ, Pilz, Orbital region, viral infection, corneas, rabGAPLP, Homo sapients, cornea inflammation, Analyses, eyes, visual system, somatomedin-C, SF, CACP, RabGAP-5, Kitl, proteins, virus process, man, Mast cell growth factor, MSF, Msf, "zusammengesetztes Auge", Homo sapience, IGF1, RUSC3, Homo sampiens, Mechano growth factor, Soluble KIT ligand, fungi, Sl, Home sapiens, RABGAP5., IGF-I, eye globe, data, SeptD1, steel factor, MUTYH-Associated Polyposis, hematopoietic growth factor KL, Proteins, FNZ, somatomedin, bulbus oculi, vertebrate eye, FINC, HAPO, LETS, Spectrum Analysis, sKITLG, visual apparatus, CIG, Spectroscopy, polypeptide, Eyes, SINT1, PTEN1, Corneas, Homo sapian, mechano growth factor, CWS1, Protein, chemical analysis, Pathogenicity, PNUTL4, ED-B, Homo sapeins, Igf-1, Mass Spectrum Analyses, eyeball, contiguous, NAPB, Mass Spectrum, RUTBC3, SHEP7, SZP, FN, mast cell growth factor, 10q23del, MMAC1, Stem cell factor, Petromyces flavus, Orbital part of face, Spectrometry, Humo sapiens, fungus, STAT5, MYH-Associated Polyposis, Homo sapines, human, Protein Gene Products, extracellular, Gene Proteins, stem cell factor, DEC, Homo spiens, KL-1, "human" EXACT genbank_common_name [], orbital region, orbital part of face, MGF, c-Kit ligand, corneaitis, KITLG, GFND2, GFND, virulence, MSF1, assay, SCF, BZSingensin, lens neutral proteinase, large multicatalytic protease, Identification, multicatalytic proteinase (complex), proteasome endopeptidase complex., Petromyces flavus, tricorn protease, Identifications (Psychology), prosome, 26S protease, threonine endopeptidase activity, multicatalytic endopeptidase complex, MCP, alkaline protease, multicatalytic proteinase, alkaline proteinase, tricorn proteinaseprojections, host organism, Fungal, cornea, visual_system, Virulence, human being, photoreceptor, multi-cellular organism, compound eye, regio orbitalis, lamellae, tunica cornea, adult compound eye, Gene, Protease, Homo sapiense, process of organ, cornea of camera-type eye, protrusion, lamella, "Komplexauge", Homo spaiens, Readability, Homo sapien, camera-type eye plus associated structures, Roles, Entire cornea, Homo sapians, "Facettenauge", eye, Gene Products, Concepts, globe, Proteases, Fungal Gene Products, animal, light-detecting organ, Pilz, study, Orbital region, corneas, viral infection, Homo sapients, pattern, Infections, distribution, Serine Proteinase, eyes, PTPSTEP, visual system, Serine Proteinases, proteins, virus process, ridges, man, Proteinases, Fungal Gene Proteins, Pathogenicity Factors, Neural-specific protein-tyrosine phosphatase, "zusammengesetztes Auge", Homo sapience, Homo sampiens, papilla, Role Concepts, Serine Protein Hydrolases, Pathogenicity., fungi, species, laminae, Home sapiens, eye globe, Peptides, Proteinase, anatomical protrusion, body, anatomical process, Proteins, lamina, flanges, bulbus oculi, whole body, vertebrate eye, visual apparatus, Concept, polypeptide, Eyes, organism, Role Concept, Corneas, Homo sapian, Protein, shelf, 3.1.3.48, Role, Pathogenicity, Insects, Homo sapeins, flange, eyeball, organ process, Serine, Factors, whole organism, distinct, Step, shelves, Protein Hydrolases, Orbital part of face, Humo sapiens, fungus, Striatum-enriched protein-tyrosine phosphatase, Understanding, Homo sapines, projection, ridge, human, Insect, Protein Gene Products, process, processes, Gene Proteins, extracellular, Homo spiens, "human" EXACT genbank_common_name [], orbital region, orbital part of face, spine, STEP, Koerper, processus, Serine Protease, Yeast Proteins, virulence, Fungal Peptides1605http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM11210034366dbgap_ncbi~0patentfamilies~0rfam~0merops~0complex-portal~0uniprot~0wormbaseparasite~0embl-covid19~0reactome~0emdb~0wgs_masters~0ebiweb_resources~0opentargets_genetics~0biomodels_all~0ipd-mhc~0ebiweb_teams~0taxonomy~0genome_assembly~0sc-experiments~0ebiweb_people~0enzymeportal_enzymes~0ipd-nhkir~0cellosaurus~0pdbe~0chebi~0patentproteins~0interpro7~0uniref~0chembl~0pdbekb~0gpcrdb~0hgnc~0sc-genes~0intact~0rhea~0ebiweb_training~0alphafold~0imgt-hla~0patentnucleotides~0ensemblroot~0eva_studies~0non-coding~0europepmc~0pubmed~1identifiers_registry~0pdbechem~0hpa-covid19~0eva-variants-covid19~0biosamples~0gwas_catalog~0biotools~0tls_masters~0mesh~0coding~0sra~0opentargets~0efo~0embl-pathogen~0project~0pride~1human_diseases~0geo_datasets~0embl~0treefam~0uniparc~0ols~0dgva~0intenz~0go~0tsa_masters~0biosamples-covid19~0ebiweb_corporate~0omim~0lrg~0earlycause-molecular-sequences~0ipd-kir~0empiar~0rnacentral~0orcid_data_claims~0gpmdb~2lineage-covid19~0metagenomics~0pfam~0pride archive~1varsite~00Resource Reanalysis0.00.00.0049352251696483650.01.0falseExoproteome of Aspergillus flavus corneal isolates and saprophytes: Identification of proteoforms of an oversecreted alkaline protease.Data from ProteomeXchange, PXD ID: PXD001296. File: AF_secretome_B1_5_2.msf.mgf. Data published as part of J Proteomics. 2014 Dec 10;115C:23-35 . From the Abstract: {{i}} Aspergillus flavus infects the human eye leading to keratitis. Extracellular proteins, the earliest proteins that come in contact with the host and virulence related exoproteins, were identified in the fungus isolated from infected cornea. Virulence of the corneal isolates was tested in the Galleria mellonella larvae model and those isolates showing higher virulence were taken for subsequent exoproteome analysis. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to generate A. flavus exoproteome reference map as well as to profile most of the exoproteins ... {{/i}}2015-01-07GPM1121003436625497218PXD001296PXD001296