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To investigate how environmental insults affect this process, we analysed the proteome of yeast continuously exposed to mild heat stress. In agreement with previous transcriptomics studies, amongst the most marked changes, we found up-regulation of cytoprotective factors; a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to fermentation; and down-regulation of translation. Importantly, we also identified a novel, post-translationally controlled, component of the heat shock response. The abundance of Ncs2p and Ncs6p, two members of the URM1 pathway responsible for the thiolation of wobble uridines in cytoplasmic tRNAs tK(UUU), tQ(UUG) and tE(UUC), is down-regulated in a proteasomal dependent fashion. Using random forests we show that this results in differential translation of transcripts with a biased content for the corresponding codons. We propose that the role of this pathway in promoting catabolic and inhibiting anabolic processes, affords cells with additional time and resources needed to attain proper protein folding under periods of stress."],"pubmed_title":["Protein degradation and dynamic tRNA thiolation fine-tune translation at elevated temperatures."],"pubmed_authors":["Tyagi Kshitiz K,Pedrioli Patrick G A PG,","Tyagi Kshitiz K, Pedrioli Patrick G A PG"],"name_synonyms":["protein translation, tRNA thiolation, pheromone catabolic process, protein anabolism, multicellular organismal protein catabolic process, pheromone catabolism, protein biosynthetic process, protein synthesis, protein formation, protein biosynthesis, protein breakdown, elevated, tRNA sulfurtransferase activity, high elevation, protein catabolism, protein degradation, Temperatures."],"description_synonyms":["projections, APR, Hot., data, anatomical protrusion, LRP, lamellae, anatomical process, Affects, exits through, lamina, flanges, APOER, 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formation, protein biosynthesis, protein breakdown, elevated, tRNA sulfurtransferase activity, high elevation, protein catabolism, protein degradation, Temperatures."],"pubmed_abstract_synonyms":["projections, protein translation, Forestland, Globular Protein Folding, Effects, lamellae, Circulatory, Foldings, baker's yeast, Forested Areas, Aging, beta-tubulin folding, composed of, process of organ, Saccharomyces italicus, Failure, Long Term, protrusion, Circulatory Collapse, lamella, period, Oxidative, Roles, Biological, Hot, regulation of protein synthesis, chaperonin ATPase activity, responsivity, AGING BIOL, yeast, Forested, Concepts, Heat, non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity, glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity, Mood, Effect, Globular, lager beer yeast, Shock, Senescence, reactivity, Woodlands, reference sample, Longterm, Receptor Up-Regulation, Moods, Up Regulation, Woodland, Saccharomyes cerevisiae, composition, proteins, ridges, Long-Term, Maintenances, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, respiratory-chain phosphorylation, Folding, Hypovolemic Shock, 2900073H19Rik, chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding, Biological Aging, Hypovolemic, extruding from, Oxidative Phosphorylations, RANDOM, Quality Controls, Candida robusta, Saccharomyces capensis, papilla, Role Concepts, Protein Folding, Long-Term Effect, brewer's yeast, laminae, Long-Term Effects, Controlled, Forested Area, Controlling, protein anabolism, anatomical protrusion, protein biosynthetic process, anatomical process, Affects, exits through, lamina, Up-Regulation (Physiology), Phosphorylations, Longterm Effect, flanges, Circulatory Failure, compositionality, Fermentations, Saccaromyces cerevisiae, results, Cell, Concept, polypeptide, Sccharomyces cerevisiae, chaperone activity, Role Concept, Globular Protein, Temperatures, co-chaperonin activity, Long Term Effects, Protein, shelf, Areas, protein formation, Role, Area, protein biosynthesis, alpha-tubulin folding, Protein Foldings, BIOL AGING, protein complex assembly, flange, organ process, C9orf74, Random selection by shearing, Saccharomyces oviformis, regulation of protein anabolism, Temperature, Phosphorylation, Yeast, regulation of protein biosynthesis, Upregulation, regulation of protein formation, shelves, content, Control, Quality, Controls, exposed, projection, ridge, Longterm Effects, Collapse, process, processes, ageing, Forestlands, co-chaperone activity, Globular Protein., Globular Protein Foldings, protein synthesis, spine, structure, multichaperone pathway, processus, Hot Temperatures, response, RGD1306599, Forest, Proteomes, 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File: OTV_1309_242.mzXML. Published as part of Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Apr 13  . From the Abstract: {{i}} Maintenance of protein quality control has implications in various processes such as neurodegeneration and ageing. To investigate how environmental insults affect this process, we analysed the proteome of yeast continuously exposed to mild heat stress. {{/i}}","dates":{"submission":"2015-05-01"},"accession":"GPM32320015049","cross_references":{"pubmed":["25870413"],"Pride":["PXD001864"],"pride":[],"Pride Archive":["PXD001864"]}}