GPMDB00145OtherUebbing S, et al.InstrumentNot AvailableNot availableChicken26108680hans.ellegren@ebc.uu.seUppsala Universityhttp://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016338http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016337http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016339http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016330http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016332http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016331http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016334http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016333http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016336http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016335http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016327http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016349http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016348http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016326http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016329http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016328http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016341http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016340http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016321http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016343http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016320http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016345http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016323http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016322http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016344http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016347http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016325http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016324http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016346Not availableGPMDBThere is increasing evidence that dosage compensation is not a ubiquitous feature following sex chromosome evolution, especially not in organisms where females are the heterogametic sex, like in birds. Even when it occurs, compensation can be incomplete and limited to dosage-sensitive genes. However, previous work has mainly studied transcriptional regulation of sex-linked genes, which may not reflect expression at the protein level. Here, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect and quantify expressed levels of more than 2,400 proteins in ten different tissues of male and female chicken embryos. For comparison, transcriptome sequencing was performed in the same individuals, five of each sex. The proteomic analysis revealed that dosage compensation was incomplete, with a mean male-to-female (M:F) expression ratio of Z-linked genes of 1.32 across tissues, similar to that at the RNA level (1.29). The mean Z chromosome-to-autosome expression ratio was close to 1 in males and lower than 1 in females, consistent with partly reduced Z chromosome expression in females. Although our results exclude a general mechanism for chromosome-wide dosage compensation at translation, 30% of all proteins encoded from Z-linked genes showed a significant change in the M:F ratio compared with the corresponding ratio at the RNA level. This resulted in a pattern where some genes showed balanced expression between sexes and some close to 2-fold higher expression in males. This suggests that proteomic analyses will be necessary to reveal a more complete picture of gene regulation and sex chromosome evolution.Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Partial Translational Regulation for Dosage Compensation in Chicken.Uebbing Severin S,Konzer Anne A,Xu Luohao L,Backström Niclas N,Brunström Björn B,Bergquist Jonas J,Ellegren Hans H,Uebbing Severin S, Konzer Anne A, Xu Luohao L, Backström Niclas N, Brunström Björn B, Bergquist Jonas J, Ellegren Hans HMass Spectrum Analysis, Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrum, chicken, count in organism, count, Gallus domesticus, Analyses, Mass, chickens, number, Spectrometry, regulation, bantam, quantitative, Analysis, Spectrum Analyses, presence, Mass Spectrum Analyses, Spectrum Analysis, Mass Spectroscopy, Gallus gallus domesticus., presence or absence in organismmamma, LC-MS2, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, male genital system, mammary region, data, Breasts, Transcriptome, muscle system, female human body, http://mged.sourceforge.net/ontologies/MGEDOntology.owl#sex, musculi, mol, Transcriptome Profile, set of muscles, Males, AP-1, Gallus gallus domesticus, musculature system, c-jun, Proteins, Expression Profiles, LC-MS/MS, muscles, set of skeletal muscles, Gene Expression Profile, Gene, A230055D22, Profiles, http://mged.sourceforge.net/ontologies/MGEDOntology.owl#male, Muscle, LC1, female, LC-MS-MS, whole transcriptome, polypeptide, Gene Expression, LC/MS/MS, Experiment, Genotypic., Mtap-5, Expression Signatures, LC-MSMS, Protein, Gene Expression Signatures, Gene Products, chickens, biological sex, Gene Expression Signature, Expression Profile, AI843217, male, Transcriptome Profiles, chicken, Junc, Muscle Tissues, muscles set, LCMSMS, http://mged.sourceforge.net/ontologies/MGEDOntology.owl#female, Sex, Genotypic Sex, Tissues, Mtap5, Profile, motor system, mammary part of chest, Tissue, male genitalia, proteins, muscle, MAP5, Signatures, muscle element, Phenotypic, muscule system, Protein Gene Products, male human body, AP1, Gene Proteins, Gallus domesticus, Expression Signature, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, Gene Expression Profiles, Phenotypic Sex, musculus, Transcriptomes, c-Jun, musculature, Mtap1b, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, bantam, Signature, Muscle Tissue, Females, muscle groupMass Spectrum Analysis, Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrum, chicken, count in organism, count, Gallus domesticus, Analyses, Mass, chickens, number, Spectrometry, regulation, bantam, quantitative, Analysis, Spectrum Analyses, presence, Mass Spectrum Analyses, Spectrum Analysis, Mass Spectroscopy, Gallus gallus domesticus., presence or absence in organismliquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, protein translation, Ribonucleic, Materials, Transcriptome Profile, Ass-1, Gene Expression Profile, Gene, Profiles, broad, http://mged.sourceforge.net/ontologies/MGEDOntology.owl#male, LC-MS-MS, reduced, sensitive, subnumerary, AA408052, LC-MSMS, Gene Products, chickens, fold, tiny, present in fewer numbers in organism, Non Polyadenylated, RNA Gene Products, male, proportion, Sex, LCMSMS, Genotypic Sex, Genetic, pattern, birds, distribution, Profile, Tissue, hypoplasia, male genitalia, proteins, chromatid, W, decreased number, Signatures, Phenotypic, Non-Polyadenylated RNA, ASS, decreased, Expression Signature, Transcriptomes, ratio, LC-MS2, small, male genital system, close to, RNA, protein anabolism, Transcriptome, protein biosynthetic process, wide/broad, http://mged.sourceforge.net/ontologies/MGEDOntology.owl#sex, female human body, ribose nucleic acid, Males, Gallus gallus domesticus, avian, Proteins, Expression Profiles, LC-MS/MS, ribonucleic acids, incomplete, RNS, Cistrons, female, results, whole transcriptome, near to, abolished, polypeptide, Gene Expression, prophase chromosome, LC/MS/MS, yeast nucleic acid, Expression Signatures, Ribonukleinsaeure, Protein, Gene Expression Signatures, proteomic analysis, protein formation, Genetic Materials, pentosenucleic acids, protein biosynthesis, biological sex, Ribonucleic acids, Gene Expression Signature, Expression Profile, regulation., Genetic Material, Transcriptome Profiles, Genotypic, chicken, ribonucleic acid, Acid, Bird, http://mged.sourceforge.net/ontologies/MGEDOntology.owl#female, underdeveloped, interphase chromosome, Non Polyadenylated RNA, proportionality, Non-Polyadenylated, rate, Ribonucleic Acid, Aves, Protein Gene Products, male human body, Gene Proteins, wide, Gallus domesticus, Chromosome, protein synthesis, Material, Phenotypic Sex, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, Gene Expression Profiles, approaches, vicinity of, quotient, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, Cistron, regulation, bantam, Signature, Females1405http://gpmdb.thegpm.org/~/dblist_gpmnum/gpmnum=GPM32320016339dbgap_ncbi~0patentfamilies~0rfam~0merops~0complex-portal~0uniprot~0wormbaseparasite~0embl-covid19~0reactome~0emdb~0wgs_masters~0ebiweb_resources~0opentargets_genetics~0biomodels_all~0ipd-mhc~0ebiweb_teams~0taxonomy~0genome_assembly~0sc-experiments~0ebiweb_people~0enzymeportal_enzymes~0ipd-nhkir~0cellosaurus~0pdbe~0chebi~0patentproteins~0interpro7~0uniref~0chembl~0pdbekb~0gpcrdb~0hgnc~0sc-genes~0intact~0rhea~0ebiweb_training~0alphafold~0imgt-hla~0patentnucleotides~0ensemblroot~0eva_studies~0non-coding~0europepmc~0pubmed~1identifiers_registry~0pdbechem~0hpa-covid19~0eva-variants-covid19~0biosamples~0gwas_catalog~0biotools~0tls_masters~0mesh~0coding~0sra~0opentargets~0efo~0embl-pathogen~0project~0pride~1human_diseases~0geo_datasets~0embl~0treefam~0uniparc~0ols~0dgva~0intenz~0go~0tsa_masters~0biosamples-covid19~0ebiweb_corporate~0omim~0lrg~0earlycause-molecular-sequences~0ipd-kir~0empiar~0rnacentral~0orcid_data_claims~0gpmdb~2lineage-covid19~0metagenomics~0pfam~0pride archive~1varsite~00Resource Reanalysis0.00.00.004318322023442320.01.0falseQuantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Partial Translational Regulation for Dosage Compensation in Chicken.Data from ProteomeXchange, PXD ID: PXD002403. Experiment: breast_muscle, file: 20140805_LC1_Hans_brostmuskel_44+90.mzml. Published as part of Mol Biol Evol. 2015 Jun 24 . From the Abstract: {{i}} ... Here, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect and quantify expressed levels of more than 2,400 proteins in ten different tissues of male and female chicken embryos. For comparison, transcriptome sequencing was performed in the same individuals, five of each sex ... {{/i}}2015-07-15GPM3232001633926108680PXD002403PXD002403