The online KEGG, HMDB database was used to annotate the metabolites by matching the exact molecular mass data (m/z) of samples with those from database. If a mass difference between observed and the database value was less than 10 ppm, the metabolite would be annotated and the molecular formula of metabolites would further be identified and validated by the isotopic distribution measurements. We also used a in-house fragment spectrum library of metabolites to validate the metabolite identidification.
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse phase","Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase"],"chromatography_protocol":["All samples were acquired by the LC-MS system followed machine orders. Firstly, all chromatographic separations were performed using a Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000 HPLC. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, Waters, UK) was used for the reversed phase separation. The column oven was maintained at 35 °C. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the mobile phase consisted of solvent A (water, 0.1% formic acid) and solvent B (acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid). Gradient elution conditions were set as follows: 0.0-0.5 min, 5% B, for 0.5-7.0 min, 8.1-10.0 min with 8% B, followed by 0.0-0.5 min. The injection volume for each sample was 4 μL.
"],"publication":["Microbiota network modules-derived tryptophan metabolites improve cognition via microglial AhR/Sirpα signaling."],"submitter_affiliation":["Zhejiang University of Technology"],"submitter_name":["Yuxiang Pan"],"organism_part":["Serum"],"technology_type":["mass spectrometry assay"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["The collected samples were thawed on ice, and metabolite were extracted with 50% methanol buffer. Briefly, 20 μL of sample was extracted with 120 μL of precooled 50% methanol, vortexed for 1 min, and incubated at room temperature for 10 min; the extraction mixture was then stored overnight at -20 °C. After centrifugation at 4000 x g for 20 min, the supernatants were transferred into new 96-well plates. The samples were stored at -80 °C prior to the LC-MS analysis. In addition, pooled QC samples were also prepared by combining 10 μL of each extraction mixture.
"],"organism":["Mus musculus"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS12506"],"author":["Pan Yuxiang. Zhejiang University of Technology. 1296687716@qq.com."],"data_transformation_protocol":["The acquired MS data pretreatments including peak picking, peak grouping, retention time correction, second peak grouping, and annotation of isotopes and adducts was performed using XCMS software. LC-MS raw data files were converted into mzXML format and then processed by the XCMS, CAMERA and metaX[2] toolbox implemented with the R software.
"],"study_factor":["Treatment"],"submitter_email":["1296687716@qq.com"],"sample_collection_protocol":["The collected samples were thawed on ice, and metabolite were extracted with 50% methanol buffer. Briefly, 20 μL of sample was extracted with 120 μL of precooled 50% methanol, vortexed for 1 min, and incubated at room temperature for 10 min; the extraction mixture was then stored overnight at -20 °C. After centrifugation at 4000 x g for 20 min, the supernatants were transferred into new 96-well plates. The samples were stored at -80 °C prior to the LC-MS analysis. In addition, pooled QC samples were also prepared by combining 10 μL of each extraction mixture.
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["Aging","Serum","untargeted metabolites"],"curator_keywords":["Aging","Serum","untargeted metabolites"],"mass_spectrometry_protocol":["A high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer Q-Exactive (Thermo Scientific) was used to detect metabolites eluted form the column. The Q-Exactive was operated in both positive and negative ion modes. Precursor spectra (70-1050 m/z) were collected at 70,000 resolution to hit an AGC target of 3e6. The maximum inject time was set to 100 ms. A top 3 configuration to acquire data was set in DDA mode. Fragment spectra were collected at 17,500 resolution to hit an AGC target of 1e5 with a maximum inject time of 80 ms. In order to evaluate the stability of the LC-MS during the whole acquisition, a quality control sample (pool of all samples) was acquired after every 10 samples.
"],"metabolite_name":["cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid","2-Furoate","Corticosterone","Prostaglandin G2","Salmeterol","Phenylacetylglutamine","Diazoxide","Cefuroxime","Dacarbazine","Deoxyribose 1-phosphate","(2-Naphthalenyloxy)acetic acid","Ginkgoic acid","Cefaclor","Reserpine","SDS","Bifenazate","Tetracosanoic acid","Iminodiacetic acid","Grayanotoxin I","Citrulline","Carprofen","Capric acid","Benzoate","D-Glucuronic acid","Terephthalate","(S)-Isocorydine","4-tert-Butylphenol","2',6'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone","4-Hydroxyphenyl-2-propionic acid","Neopterin","9'-cis-Neoxanthin","4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde","Tienilic acid","Mevinphos","9-cis-Retinoic acid","Agnuside","Estradiol","6beta-Hydroxytestosterone","13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid","D-Glucose 1-phosphate","1D-Myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate","12,13-DHOME","Streptomycin","2-Aminobenzenesulfonate","5-Hydroxylysine","Metobromuron","alpha-Ergocryptine","4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol","Fexofenadine","Sulfisoxazole","6-Methylmercaptopurine","3',5'-Cyclic dAMP","Perillyl alcohol","Dioscin","Bicalutamide","Ritodrine","Azadirachtin A","Pantothenic acid","Ethiofencarb","Etodolac","Vanillate","Ritonavir","Xanthurenic acid","Etomidate","Metaproterenol","Saccharin","Indoleacetaldehyde","Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate","Kanamycin","Flurbiprofen","Icariin","Aminoadipic acid","5-Methoxytryptamine","Prostaglandin D3","Mupirocin","Isorhamnetin","13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2","Naringin","Propanil","1,3-Benzenediol","Chenodeoxycholic acid","Triamcinolone acetonide","3-Methyladenine","Cyprodinil","Androsterone glucuronide","Tepraloxydim","Gentisate aldehyde","risedronate","3,7-Dimethyluric acid","Dihydrotestosterone","Tridecanoic acid","Thiopental","Picein","Sulfasalazine","3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate","Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine","o-Cresol","Fraxetin","13-OxoODE","9-OxoODE","Chelidonine","Famoxadone","2-Hydroxyestradiol","[8]-Shogaol","Butabarbital","Eupatilin","Tacrolimus","Neolinustatin","Matairesinol","Digalacturonate","D-Erythrose 4-phosphate","1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol","2,3-Dinor-8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha","Isopimpinellin","20-Carboxy-leukotriene B4","Uniconazole P","Melatonin","Daidzin","Candesartan","Stearidonic acid","Streptonigrin","Sisomicin","3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid","Aripiprazole","Clomipramine","N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine","Isoproterenol","Hydantoin-5-propionic acid","Vaccenic acid","Uridine diphosphate glucose","(-)-Jasmonic acid","Minocycline","Calcimycin","N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine","D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate","1-O-Galloyl-beta-D-glucose","Cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid","Carbendazim","Aesculetin","Gibberellin A9","Gibberellin A7","Quinone","Gibberellin A3","Nicotinamide riboside","Telmisartan","Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate","Buprenorphine","L-Cystathionine","AICAR","Metconazole","Neriifolin","Thiophanate-methyl","Trehalose","Pendimethalin","Rifamycin","Uridine diphosphategalactose","Quinmerac","Nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide","Eriodictyol","Citicoline","Iprovalicarb","Xanthosine","Isoxaben","N-Heptanoylhomoserine lactone","3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid","Desaminotyrosine","Citric acid","Nafcillin","Latrunculin B","Suspensaside","Verapamil","Novobiocin","3-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol","Bilobalide A","Cefotaxime","Palatinose","4-Aminosalicylate","Zolmitriptan","Veratramine","dADP","Glycocholic acid","Zingerone","Fenoldopam","5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid","Glucose 6-phosphate","Tetrabromobisphenol A","Erythromycin estolate","(2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)propanoate","7-Dehydrocholesterol","4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzoate","Amino acid(Arg-)","Glutethimide","Warfarin","Poncirin","Chloramphenicol","Ginkgetin","Quassin","Zaleplon","Sulfanilamide","Bumetrizole","Vulgarin","Colchicine","L-Glutamate","4-Methylumbelliferone sulfate","Asiatic acid","16-Hydroxypalmitate","3-Oxalomalate","Sodium deoxycholate","Genistein","5-Methoxyindoleacetate","Pyrimethanil","3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy)-2-propenoic acid","Menthol","EPA (d5)","Butyryl-L-carnitine","Prostaglandin J2","Indolelactate","Dobutamine","Succinyl sulfathiazole","Ofloxacin","Nodakenetin","3-Aminopentanedioate","Salicyl alcohol","TxB2","D-Ribose","3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine","Sinomenine","Cytokinin B","Sorbitol","beta-Alanyl-L-lysine","Taurine","1-Naphthol","Zalcitabine","1-Naphthaleneacetic acid","Arachidic acid","T 0901317","(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid","Geldanamycin","O-Phosphotyrosine","Amidosulfuron","Alpha-dimorphecolic acid","6-Thiourate","Eprosartan","D-Alanyl-D-alanine","Adenosine phosphosulfate","Proscillaridin","Chikusetsusaponin III","3-Hydroxyvalproic acid","(-)-Guttiferone E","Myristoleic acid","Isoliquiritigenin","Dicumarol","Falcarindiol","Acetohexamide","Trifolirhizin","Prednisone","N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine","beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate","Cetirizine","1-palmitoylglycerophosphocholine","Saccharin sodium anhydrous","Ajmalicine","Pentoxifylline","E-4031","Salicin","4-Chlorophenol","DL-Homocystine","10E,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid","dTMP","Troglitazone","Fraxidin","Thiamphenicol","Penicillin G","Demethylated antipyrine","Leukotriene C4","Gentisic acid","Azlocillin","L-Tryptophan","Adouetine X","Isoliquiritin","Secoisolariciresinol","Penicillin V","Dopamine","Gulonic acid","Dihydrolipoate","4-Guanidinobutanoic acid","Epiandrosterone","2-Methoxyestradiol","Delorazepam","Cefamandole","Eicosadienoic acid","Dimethylallylpyrophosphate","1H-Indole-3-acetamide","Xanthoxylin","L-Valine","Uracil","Rhein","11-Dehydrocorticosterone","Ellipticine","Iodotyrosine","Mycophenolic acid","Tryptamine","Diflunisal","(-)-alpha-Narcotine","Ostruthin","N2-gamma-Glutamylglutamine","Caprylic acid","IDP","Azacitidine","(E)-Glutaconate","Cholesterol sulfate","beta-Maltose","Beauvericin","Dehydroascorbate","L-Cystine","Salicylate","Carglumic acid","Malate","Carvedilol","Brassinolide","Dephospho-CoA","1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate","Adrenic acid","NADPH","3-Methylthiopropionic acid","Ethirimol","Chloroquine","Taurochenodesoxycholic acid","Diosmin","Rescinnamine","Halofenozide","Bovinocidin","Homocarnosine","p-tert-Amylphenol","Nicotinic acid mononucleotide","Diacetoxyscirpenol","Indinavir","Heptenophos","Dicloxacillin","Catechin","4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol","2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione","Malonoben","dAMP","3-Hydroxyflavone","Cinchonidine","Palmitoleic acid","Citraconic acid","Repaglinide","3-Methylguanine","N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine","Sumatriptan","5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide","Caproic acid","Glycyl-glycine","Palmitic acid","Forchlorfenuron","Raltitrexed","Diethylstilbestrol","4-Hydroxycinnamic acid","Cefadroxil","Meloxicam","Berberine","20-HETE","D-Glycero-D-galacto-heptitol","Mitomycin","Acetylisoniazid","Phenylbutazone","Neoglucobrassicin","Procyanidin C1","Cortisone acetate","Adenosine diphosphate ribose","Deoxyadenosine","Schisantherin A","Prazosin","5,6-DHET","Gatifloxacin","Quercetin","Formononetin","Linoleate","N-Glycolylneuraminic acid","Edrophonium","Glimepiride","4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate","Deoxypeganine","Ethionamide","Penoxsulam","Aclacinomycin A","Clavulanate","Sulfamethoxazole","Nizatidine","Luteolin","Norspermidine","Hydroxyphenyllactic acid","Glaucarubin","Aclacinomycin T","Flufenamic acid","glucoiberverin","Xanthine","N-(L-Arginino)succinate","L-Glutamine","beta-N-Acetylglucosamine","Nobiletin","Schizandrin","Khellin","Acteoside","Nicotinic acid","N-Acetylmuramate","Aldosterone","Rimsulfuron","Glucotropaeolin","Sulfinpyrazone","Novaluron","Maleic acid","Metoxuron","Ivermectin B1a","Mercaptopurine","(6Z)-Octadecenoic acid","Gluconic acid","Haloxyfop","Docetaxel","Galactaric acid","Methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate","Alpha-D-Glucose","Cefoxitin","IMP","Corydaline","Ticlopidine","Phenobarbital","(-)-Arctigenin","Fluphenazine","Irbesartan","Visnagin","L-Aspartic acid","Daphnoretin","Galacturonic acid","Glabranin","2'-Deoxyadenosine","Gemcitabine","Nitrazepam","Fenamiphos","Leucine","18R-HEPE","Evodiamine","5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine","Fosfomycin","Trehalose 6-phosphate","p-Cresol","12-Keto-leukotriene B4","N1,N5,N10-Tricoumaroyl spermidine","Cephalexin","Urocanate","MK 571","Mifepristone","Curcumin","Perillic acid","alpha-Oxo-benzeneacetic acid","Ethoxyquin","Fenoprofen","Metaxalone","Pantoprazole","Malvidin 3-glucoside","Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate","Topotecan","Maltohexaose","Pyridoxal phosphate","Irinotecan","Lactose","Albendazole","Estrone","Sulfathiazole","Levorphanol","Ceftibuten","Sinapate","Doxazosin","Olanzapine","Tartronate","D-Tartaric acid","Chloridazon","Limonin","CDP","o-Toluate","Petunidin 3-glucoside","Deoxyinosine","Triflumuron","Hellebrin","O-Succinyl-L-homoserine","Paraoxon","6-Hydroxyhexanoic acid","Oxoglutaric acid","Paxilline","2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol","Syringic acid","(R)-mandelic Acid","Neomycin","3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid","Thiazole","Flumioxazin","N-Arachidonyl dopamine","11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid","Methoprotryne","L-Ascorbic acid, 6-octadecanoate","Cerivastatin","Zonisamide","Diethofencarb","Dinotefuran","Octanoyl-CoA","DL-Glycerol 1-phosphate","Lorazepam","(2S)-Liquiritigenin","4-Quinolinecarboxylic acid","D-Glyceric acid","Adenylsuccinic acid","Anastrozole","Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine","Glycitein","Pseudouridine","Rotenone","Isoferulic acid","Glyburide","Homovanillate","S-Hexyl-glutathione","Triclosan","Benzyl Benzoate","Ciprofloxacin","Thiacloprid","(3R)-beta-Leucine","Diethylphosphate","Praziquantel","D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone","Guanosine","Doxorubicin","Myricetin","Ketoprofen","1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid","Phenyllactate","3-Methylxanthine","Sulfadoxine","Glyceric acid","Verruculotoxin","Biliverdin","Luteolinidin","Ifosfamide","Loganin","L-Fucose","Chicoric acid","Isorhynchophylline","4-Bromophenol","Fumonisin B2","Sulfamethazine","Iproniazid","Oxalacetic acid","Raloxifene","L-Homocysteic acid","Bendroflumethiazide","Enterodiol","Cymarin","Streptozocin","3-Sulfinoalanine","Isoxanthopterin","Losartan","Cyanidin 3-glucoside","Fomesafen","D-Tryptophan","Itraconazole","Bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate","(2R)-2-Hydroxybut-3-enylglucosinolate","Catalposide","SC-58125","Desmethylxanthohumol","Isopropylparaben","Isoquercitrin","Rutarin","Aflatoxin B2","Sulfamonomethoxine","Phenazone _ antipyrine","Betamethasone","Glucoiberin","Phenylpyruvic acid","3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid","Ginsenoside Re","Kaempferide","Phlorizin","2-Pyrocatechuic acid","Beta-Glycerophosphoric acid","Phloretin","peonidin","Spermidine","Immunomycin","Isofraxidin","Gibberellin A124","Harmalol","2-Isopropylmalic acid","(R)-Mevalonate","CMP","Norfloxacin","Ribitol","N-Formyl-L-aspartate","Amoxicillin","Ginsenoside Ro","Perindopril","Neburon","Sulfoacetate","4-Acetylbutyrate","Suberic acid","Galactonic acid","Alpha-Tocotrienol","Oxaprozin","Astemizole","Lipoate","Oxacillin","4-Nitrophenol","2-Arachidonylglycerol","N-Acetyl-L-glutamine","Piperine","8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid","Masoprocol","Phenthoate","D-Fructose 1-phosphate","Lonchocarpol A","Creatinine","D-Pantethine","E-64","Flufenoxuron","Diuron","trans-Cinnamoyl beta-D-glucoside","1,2-Dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol","trans-Ferulic acid","5-Aminopentanoic acid","N-Acetylleucine","Aesculin","Glycyl-leucine","Paromomycin","Dihydrobiopterin","4-Hydroxystyrene","(+)-Aschantin","Enniatin B","Aromatic aldehyde","BUFEXAMAC","Capsaicin","Astaxanthin","Tubocurarine","Isochlorogenic acid b","Trietazine","Theobromine","Liothyronine","3-Deoxy-lyxo-heptulosaric acid","vanillylmandelate","Amiloride","Uracil mustard","N-Methylhydantoin","2',3'-Cyclic CMP","4-Acetamidobutanoic acid","Indapamide","Hesperetin","Pterin","Xanthylic acid","Fluconazole","Lotaustralin","AMP","Atovaquone","Trinitrotoluene","trans-12-Hydroxyjasmonic acid","Clopyralid","Cytidine","Milbemectin","Geniposide","Toluate","Dichlorophen","Atorvastatin","Mesobilirubinogen","Phosphoserine","9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid","1-Methyl-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-amine","But-3-enylglucosinolate","Canavanine","1-Palmitoyl-2-(5-keto-6-octenedioyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one","2-Carboxybenzaldehyde","Dimethylbenzimidazole","Benzylglucosinolate","(9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid","Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate","clothianidin","5,7-Dimethoxyflavone","1-Methylhistidine","Caffeate","Genipin","Coumachlor","10-Hydroxydecanoic acid","(+)-Sesamin","7,8-Dihydroneopterin","N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate","Traumatic Acid","Karakin","Tolbutamide","Glycochenodeoxycholic acid","Codeine","2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline","Quinate","Ligustilide","Sinensetin","dUMP","CTP","D-Fructose","Naringenin","Digoxin","Genistin","Xanthohumol","Dapsone","Glucaric acid","Flumethasone","Delphinidin 3-glucoside","6-Methylaminopurine","2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate","Formylanthranilic acid","Riluzole","Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate","L-Homoserine","Dihydrofolic acid","Sucralose","9(S)-HPODE","D-Ribose 5-phosphate","Enalapril","Piperacillin","Suprofen","12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate","Dihydroalbocycline","Taxifolin","Droperidol","MCPA","Thiamine monophosphate","Picrotin","Podofilox","Fenitrothion","Gibberellin A12","Muramic acid","Pentostatin","Oleuropein","Gemfibrozil","Bromacil","2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate","2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","4-Pyridoxate","Citrinin","Methoxsalen","Carnosine","gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid","3-Methoxytyramine","Coumesterol","Lincomycin","Spironolactone","Temefos","Metolazone","4-Hydroxybenzoate","Pentadecanoic acid","Methyl beta-D-galactoside","Deoxyuridine","Kojic acid","Estradiol-17beta 3-sulfate","Chlorantraniliprole","Phenylacetylglycine","Penciclovir","Indoxacarb","(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosapentaenoic acid","L-Arabinose","PQQ","Flutamide","N-Acetylmannosamine","ATP","1,7-Dimethyluric acid","Niflumic Acid","Gein","Metaflumizone","Taurocholate","Nilutamide","10-Nitrolinoleic acid","Aminocaproic acid","Procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine","Fluperlapine","alpha-Zearalenol","2,4-Dichlorophenol","trans-Zeatin riboside","D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid","7-Isopropyl-1,4-dimethylazulene","Busulfan","Harpagoside","Fructose-1P","Ethylmethylacetic acid","Benzoyl-CoA","Ergocalciferol","Shikimate 3-phosphate","Himbacine","Quinine","Gibberellin A53","L-Malic acid","Dehydroepiandrosterone","15-Deoxy-d-12,14-PGJ2","Myristic acid","Sepiapterin","Silibinin","3-(Uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine","Succinic acid","Hypoxanthine","Apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside","Indomethacin","2,4-Dinitrophenol","Adipate","Estradiol valerate","Antimycin A1","Hippuric acid","Kanokoside D","alpha-Solanine","N-Acetylaspartylglutamate","4'-Hydroxychalcone","trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol","Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid","Ceftazidime","Nateglinide","Cephalomannine","Mometasone furoate","Linuron","(-)-Wikstromol","FAD","Chlorogenic acid","Oxoadipic acid","Gamma-Tocotrienol","Nicotinuric acid","Apramycin sulfate","Inosine","Didanosine","D-Phenylalanine","Diflubenzuron","Hetacillin","Quinacrine","Ouabain","13(S)-HPOT","Neohesperidin","Arachidonic acid","Carnosol","N-Acetylmethionine","2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid","Cellobiose","Lufenuron","Anserine","3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate","Pimelate","2-Hydroxyphenylacetate","2-Heptanone","Dihydrostreptomycin","gluconapoleiferin","Allocholic acid","1,8-ANS","Geniposidic acid","Soyasaponin I","Maltotriose","Cucurbitacin D","Arbutin","gamma-Glutamylcysteine","Dichlormid","D-Xylitol","Paeoniflorin","Dihydrouracil","N-Acetylhistamine","Methyldopa","Dantron","Theophylline","Maslinic acid","Bovinic acid","Capecitabine","Orotidylic acid","N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole","N-Acetylornithine","6-Hydroxymelatonin","Salidroside","Picolinic acid","Apigenin","myo-Inositol","Astragalin","Thyroxine","Glucosamine 6-phosphate","Trichlopyr","5,7-Dihydroxyflavone","3-Hydroxyphenylacetate","Dodecanedioic acid","Dattelic acid","S-Adenosylmethionine","Fraxin","Deoxyguanosine","Gingerol","Mefenamic acid","2-Hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid","L-Norvaline","Sildenafil","(+)-Eudesmin","L-4-Hydroxyphenylglycine","Fluazinam","Phenyl acetate","Dibutyl phthalate","Aristolochic acid","Thymidine","Labetalol","?-Cyclodextrin","Ursodeoxycholic acid","Diosmetin","Methylmalonic acid","2-hydroxyflutamide","Cysteine-S-sulfate","Gardenoside","Nodularin","Deoxycorticosterone acetate","Vitamin K1","Methyl jasmonate","Adipate semialdehyde","Clobenpropit","9-Hydroxyphenanthrene","Nimodipine","Isocitrate","Oxypurinol","Nonadecanoic acid","Azathioprine","Bicuculline","Loxapine","Decanoyl-CoA (n-C10_0CoA)","Oxycodone","17a-Ethynylestradiol","Crocin","20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4","Allantoic acid","Puerarin","Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate","Taurodeoxycholic acid","Raffinose","Epicatechin","alpha-Santonin","4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenone","Azelaic acid","Prostaglandin F2a","Epinephrine","Salicyluric acid","Imidazoleacetic acid","2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone","Phosphocreatine","Clozapine","Deoxycholic acid","S-Lactoylglutathione","12-Keto-tetrahydro-leukotriene B4","4-Nonylphenol","Hexadecanedioate","Pentagalloylglucose","Dinoseb","Prostaglandin F1a","DNOC","Asiaticoside"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Microbiota network modules-derived tryptophan metabolites improve cognition via microglial AhR/Sirpα signaling","description":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as one of the hallmarks of aging, highlighting the need to identify microbial network modules as new biomarkers rooted in microbiota interactions and develop targeted nutritional interventions. The current research, integrating data from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient cohorts, meta-analysis and animal experiments, identified 4 core bacterial genera modules associated with aging and cognition. The combination of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Lachnospiraceae bacterium and Roseburia intestinalis was positively correlated with neurofunction and significantly improved cognitive performance in LPS-induced and AD mice. Metabolomic profiling revealed disrupted tryptophan metabolism in aging mice, which was restored upon intervention with the core bacterial strains. Mechanistically, tryptophan metabolites activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the hippocampus, modulating microglial phagocytosis via Sirpα and Trem2 signaling. Moreover, sesaminol enhanced cognitive function by modulating specific modules. These findings elucidated the role of the microbiota-tryptophan metabolites-microglia axis in anti-aging and provided new directions for microbiota-targeted interventions.
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