MetaboLightsapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/m_MTBLS12506_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/m_MTBLS12506_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/a_MTBLS12506_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/a_MTBLS12506_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/s_MTBLS12506.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ22.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ25.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ12.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ05.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ13.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_QC5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_QC2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ22.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ03.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ21.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ12.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_QC3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ24.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ04.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ03.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ02.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_QC4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ25.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_QC1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ15.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ24.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ23.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ11.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_QC2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_QC4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ14.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ02.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ01.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ15.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_QC5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ11.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ23.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_QC1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_QC3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ05.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ13.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ04.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ14.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/pos_ZLJ01.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506/FILES/RAW_FILES/neg_ZLJ21.rawprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS12506<p>The online KEGG, HMDB database was used to annotate the metabolites by matching the exact molecular mass data (m/z) of samples with those from database. If a mass difference between observed and the database value was less than 10 ppm, the metabolite would be annotated and the molecular formula of metabolites would further be identified and validated by the isotopic distribution measurements. We also used a in-house fragment spectrum library of metabolites to validate the metabolite identidification.</p>MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase<p>All samples were acquired by the LC-MS system followed machine orders. Firstly, all chromatographic separations were performed using a Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000 HPLC. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, Waters, UK) was used for the reversed phase separation. The column oven was maintained at 35 °C. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the mobile phase consisted of solvent A (water, 0.1% formic acid) and solvent B (acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid). Gradient elution conditions were set as follows: 0.0-0.5 min, 5% B, for 0.5-7.0 min, 8.1-10.0 min with 8% B, followed by 0.0-0.5 min. The injection volume for each sample was 4 μL.</p>Microbiota network modules-derived tryptophan metabolites improve cognition via microglial AhR/Sirpα signaling.Zhejiang University of TechnologyYuxiang PanSerummass spectrometry assay<p>The collected samples were thawed on ice, and metabolite were extracted with 50% methanol buffer. Briefly, 20 μL of sample was extracted with 120 μL of precooled 50% methanol, vortexed for 1 min, and incubated at room temperature for 10 min; the extraction mixture was then stored overnight at -20 °C. After centrifugation at 4000 x g for 20 min, the supernatants were transferred into new 96-well plates. The samples were stored at -80 °C prior to the LC-MS analysis. In addition, pooled QC samples were also prepared by combining 10 μL of each extraction mixture.</p>Mus musculushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS12506Pan Yuxiang. Zhejiang University of Technology. 1296687716@qq.com.<p>The acquired MS data pretreatments including peak picking, peak grouping, retention time correction, second peak grouping, and annotation of isotopes and adducts was performed using XCMS software. LC-MS raw data files were converted into mzXML format and then processed by the XCMS, CAMERA and metaX[2] toolbox implemented with the R software.</p>Treatment1296687716@qq.com<p>The collected samples were thawed on ice, and metabolite were extracted with 50% methanol buffer. Briefly, 20 μL of sample was extracted with 120 μL of precooled 50% methanol, vortexed for 1 min, and incubated at room temperature for 10 min; the extraction mixture was then stored overnight at -20 °C. After centrifugation at 4000 x g for 20 min, the supernatants were transferred into new 96-well plates. The samples were stored at -80 °C prior to the LC-MS analysis. In addition, pooled QC samples were also prepared by combining 10 μL of each extraction mixture.</p>MetabolomicsAgingSerumuntargeted metabolitesAgingSerumuntargeted metabolites<p>A high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer Q-Exactive (Thermo Scientific) was used to detect metabolites eluted form the column. The Q-Exactive was operated in both positive and negative ion modes. Precursor spectra (70-1050 m/z) were collected at 70,000 resolution to hit an AGC target of 3e6. The maximum inject time was set to 100 ms. A top 3 configuration to acquire data was set in DDA mode. Fragment spectra were collected at 17,500 resolution to hit an AGC target of 1e5 with a maximum inject time of 80 ms. In order to evaluate the stability of the LC-MS during the whole acquisition, a quality control sample (pool of all samples) was acquired after every 10 samples.</p>cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid2-FuroateCorticosteroneProstaglandin G2SalmeterolPhenylacetylglutamineDiazoxideCefuroximeDacarbazineDeoxyribose 1-phosphate(2-Naphthalenyloxy)acetic acidGinkgoic acidCefaclorReserpineSDSBifenazateTetracosanoic acidIminodiacetic acidGrayanotoxin ICitrullineCarprofenCapric acidBenzoateD-Glucuronic acidTerephthalate(S)-Isocorydine4-tert-Butylphenol2',6'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone4-Hydroxyphenyl-2-propionic acidNeopterin9'-cis-Neoxanthin4-HydroxybenzaldehydeTienilic acidMevinphos9-cis-Retinoic acidAgnusideEstradiol6beta-Hydroxytestosterone13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acidD-Glucose 1-phosphate1D-Myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate12,13-DHOMEStreptomycin2-Aminobenzenesulfonate5-HydroxylysineMetobromuronalpha-Ergocryptine4,4'-SulfonyldiphenolFexofenadineSulfisoxazole6-Methylmercaptopurine3',5'-Cyclic dAMPPerillyl alcoholDioscinBicalutamideRitodrineAzadirachtin APantothenic acidEthiofencarbEtodolacVanillateRitonavirXanthurenic acidEtomidateMetaproterenolSaccharinIndoleacetaldehydeDeoxyuridine-5'-triphosphateKanamycinFlurbiprofenIcariinAminoadipic acid5-MethoxytryptamineProstaglandin D3MupirocinIsorhamnetin13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2NaringinPropanil1,3-BenzenediolChenodeoxycholic acidTriamcinolone acetonide3-MethyladenineCyprodinilAndrosterone glucuronideTepraloxydimGentisate aldehyderisedronate3,7-Dimethyluric acidDihydrotestosteroneTridecanoic acidThiopentalPiceinSulfasalazine3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoateAcetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamineo-CresolFraxetin13-OxoODE9-OxoODEChelidonineFamoxadone2-Hydroxyestradiol[8]-ShogaolButabarbitalEupatilinTacrolimusNeolinustatinMatairesinolDigalacturonateD-Erythrose 4-phosphate1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol2,3-Dinor-8-iso prostaglandin F2alphaIsopimpinellin20-Carboxy-leukotriene B4Uniconazole PMelatoninDaidzinCandesartanStearidonic acidStreptonigrinSisomicin3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acidAripiprazoleClomipramineN-Acetyl-D-galactosamineIsoproterenolHydantoin-5-propionic acidVaccenic acidUridine diphosphate glucose(-)-Jasmonic acidMinocyclineCalcimycinN-Acetyl-L-tyrosineD-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate1-O-Galloyl-beta-D-glucoseCytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acidCarbendazimAesculetinGibberellin A9Gibberellin A7QuinoneGibberellin A3Nicotinamide ribosideTelmisartanDehydroepiandrosterone sulfateBuprenorphineL-CystathionineAICARMetconazoleNeriifolinThiophanate-methylTrehalosePendimethalinRifamycinUridine diphosphategalactoseQuinmeracNicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotideEriodictyolCiticolineIprovalicarbXanthosineIsoxabenN-Heptanoylhomoserine lactone3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acidDesaminotyrosineCitric acidNafcillinLatrunculin BSuspensasideVerapamilNovobiocin3-Hydroxybenzyl alcoholBilobalide ACefotaximePalatinose4-AminosalicylateZolmitriptanVeratraminedADPGlycocholic acidZingeroneFenoldopam5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acidGlucose 6-phosphateTetrabromobisphenol AErythromycin estolate(2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)propanoate7-Dehydrocholesterol4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzoateAmino acid(Arg-)GlutethimideWarfarinPoncirinChloramphenicolGinkgetinQuassinZaleplonSulfanilamideBumetrizoleVulgarinColchicineL-Glutamate4-Methylumbelliferone sulfateAsiatic acid16-Hydroxypalmitate3-OxalomalateSodium deoxycholateGenistein5-MethoxyindoleacetatePyrimethanil3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy)-2-propenoic acidMentholEPA (d5)Butyryl-L-carnitineProstaglandin J2IndolelactateDobutamineSuccinyl sulfathiazoleOfloxacinNodakenetin3-AminopentanedioateSalicyl alcoholTxB2D-Ribose3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosineSinomenineCytokinin BSorbitolbeta-Alanyl-L-lysineTaurine1-NaphtholZalcitabine1-Naphthaleneacetic acidArachidic acidT 0901317(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic AcidGeldanamycinO-PhosphotyrosineAmidosulfuronAlpha-dimorphecolic acid6-ThiourateEprosartanD-Alanyl-D-alanineAdenosine phosphosulfateProscillaridinChikusetsusaponin III3-Hydroxyvalproic acid(-)-Guttiferone EMyristoleic acidIsoliquiritigeninDicumarolFalcarindiolAcetohexamideTrifolirhizinPrednisoneN-Acetyl-D-glucosaminebeta-D-Fructose 6-phosphateCetirizine1-palmitoylglycerophosphocholineSaccharin sodium anhydrousAjmalicinePentoxifyllineE-4031Salicin4-ChlorophenolDL-Homocystine10E,12Z-Octadecadienoic aciddTMPTroglitazoneFraxidinThiamphenicolPenicillin GDemethylated antipyrineLeukotriene C4Gentisic acidAzlocillinL-TryptophanAdouetine XIsoliquiritinSecoisolariciresinolPenicillin VDopamineGulonic acidDihydrolipoate4-Guanidinobutanoic acidEpiandrosterone2-MethoxyestradiolDelorazepamCefamandoleEicosadienoic acidDimethylallylpyrophosphate1H-Indole-3-acetamideXanthoxylinL-ValineUracilRhein11-DehydrocorticosteroneEllipticineIodotyrosineMycophenolic acidTryptamineDiflunisal(-)-alpha-NarcotineOstruthinN2-gamma-GlutamylglutamineCaprylic acidIDPAzacitidine(E)-GlutaconateCholesterol sulfatebeta-MaltoseBeauvericinDehydroascorbateL-CystineSalicylateCarglumic acidMalateCarvedilolBrassinolideDephospho-CoA1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphateAdrenic acidNADPH3-Methylthiopropionic acidEthirimolChloroquineTaurochenodesoxycholic acidDiosminRescinnamineHalofenozideBovinocidinHomocarnosinep-tert-AmylphenolNicotinic acid mononucleotideDiacetoxyscirpenolIndinavirHeptenophosDicloxacillinCatechin4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol2(3H)-BenzothiazolethioneMalonobendAMP3-HydroxyflavoneCinchonidinePalmitoleic acidCitraconic acidRepaglinide3-MethylguanineN-Acetyl-L-phenylalanineSumatriptan5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamideCaproic acidGlycyl-glycinePalmitic acidForchlorfenuronRaltitrexedDiethylstilbestrol4-Hydroxycinnamic acidCefadroxilMeloxicamBerberine20-HETED-Glycero-D-galacto-heptitolMitomycinAcetylisoniazidPhenylbutazoneNeoglucobrassicinProcyanidin C1Cortisone acetateAdenosine diphosphate riboseDeoxyadenosineSchisantherin APrazosin5,6-DHETGatifloxacinQuercetinFormononetinLinoleateN-Glycolylneuraminic acidEdrophoniumGlimepiride4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanateDeoxypeganineEthionamidePenoxsulamAclacinomycin AClavulanateSulfamethoxazoleNizatidineLuteolinNorspermidineHydroxyphenyllactic acidGlaucarubinAclacinomycin TFlufenamic acidglucoiberverinXanthineN-(L-Arginino)succinateL-Glutaminebeta-N-AcetylglucosamineNobiletinSchizandrinKhellinActeosideNicotinic acidN-AcetylmuramateAldosteroneRimsulfuronGlucotropaeolinSulfinpyrazoneNovaluronMaleic acidMetoxuronIvermectin B1aMercaptopurine(6Z)-Octadecenoic acidGluconic acidHaloxyfopDocetaxelGalactaric acidMethyl (indol-3-yl)acetateAlpha-D-GlucoseCefoxitinIMPCorydalineTiclopidinePhenobarbital(-)-ArctigeninFluphenazineIrbesartanVisnaginL-Aspartic acidDaphnoretinGalacturonic acidGlabranin2'-DeoxyadenosineGemcitabineNitrazepamFenamiphosLeucine18R-HEPEEvodiamine5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidineFosfomycinTrehalose 6-phosphatep-Cresol12-Keto-leukotriene B4N1,N5,N10-Tricoumaroyl spermidineCephalexinUrocanateMK 571MifepristoneCurcuminPerillic acidalpha-Oxo-benzeneacetic acidEthoxyquinFenoprofenMetaxalonePantoprazoleMalvidin 3-glucosideSedoheptulose 7-phosphateTopotecanMaltohexaosePyridoxal phosphateIrinotecanLactoseAlbendazoleEstroneSulfathiazoleLevorphanolCeftibutenSinapateDoxazosinOlanzapineTartronateD-Tartaric acidChloridazonLimoninCDPo-ToluatePetunidin 3-glucosideDeoxyinosineTriflumuronHellebrinO-Succinyl-L-homoserineParaoxon6-Hydroxyhexanoic acidOxoglutaric acidPaxilline2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenolSyringic acid(R)-mandelic AcidNeomycin3-Hydroxyanthranilic acidThiazoleFlumioxazinN-Arachidonyl dopamine11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acidMethoprotryneL-Ascorbic acid, 6-octadecanoateCerivastatinZonisamideDiethofencarbDinotefuranOctanoyl-CoADL-Glycerol 1-phosphateLorazepam(2S)-Liquiritigenin4-Quinolinecarboxylic acidD-Glyceric acidAdenylsuccinic acidAnastrozoleUridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamineGlyciteinPseudouridineRotenoneIsoferulic acidGlyburideHomovanillateS-Hexyl-glutathioneTriclosanBenzyl BenzoateCiprofloxacinThiacloprid(3R)-beta-LeucineDiethylphosphatePraziquantelD-Glucurono-6,3-lactoneGuanosineDoxorubicinMyricetinKetoprofen1,3,7-Trimethyluric acidPhenyllactate3-MethylxanthineSulfadoxineGlyceric acidVerruculotoxinBiliverdinLuteolinidinIfosfamideLoganinL-FucoseChicoric acidIsorhynchophylline4-BromophenolFumonisin B2SulfamethazineIproniazidOxalacetic acidRaloxifeneL-Homocysteic acidBendroflumethiazideEnterodiolCymarinStreptozocin3-SulfinoalanineIsoxanthopterinLosartanCyanidin 3-glucosideFomesafenD-TryptophanItraconazoleBis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate(2R)-2-Hydroxybut-3-enylglucosinolateCatalposideSC-58125DesmethylxanthohumolIsopropylparabenIsoquercitrinRutarinAflatoxin B2SulfamonomethoxinePhenazone _ antipyrineBetamethasoneGlucoiberinPhenylpyruvic acid3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acidGinsenoside ReKaempferidePhlorizin2-Pyrocatechuic acidBeta-Glycerophosphoric acidPhloretinpeonidinSpermidineImmunomycinIsofraxidinGibberellin A124Harmalol2-Isopropylmalic acid(R)-MevalonateCMPNorfloxacinRibitolN-Formyl-L-aspartateAmoxicillinGinsenoside RoPerindoprilNeburonSulfoacetate4-AcetylbutyrateSuberic acidGalactonic acidAlpha-TocotrienolOxaprozinAstemizoleLipoateOxacillin4-Nitrophenol2-ArachidonylglycerolN-Acetyl-L-glutaminePiperine8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acidMasoprocolPhenthoateD-Fructose 1-phosphateLonchocarpol ACreatinineD-PantethineE-64FlufenoxuronDiurontrans-Cinnamoyl beta-D-glucoside1,2-Dihydronaphthalene-1,2-dioltrans-Ferulic acid5-Aminopentanoic acidN-AcetylleucineAesculinGlycyl-leucineParomomycinDihydrobiopterin4-Hydroxystyrene(+)-AschantinEnniatin BAromatic aldehydeBUFEXAMACCapsaicinAstaxanthinTubocurarineIsochlorogenic acid bTrietazineTheobromineLiothyronine3-Deoxy-lyxo-heptulosaric acidvanillylmandelateAmilorideUracil mustardN-Methylhydantoin2',3'-Cyclic CMP4-Acetamidobutanoic acidIndapamideHesperetinPterinXanthylic acidFluconazoleLotaustralinAMPAtovaquoneTrinitrotoluenetrans-12-Hydroxyjasmonic acidClopyralidCytidineMilbemectinGeniposideToluateDichlorophenAtorvastatinMesobilirubinogenPhosphoserine9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid1-Methyl-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-amineBut-3-enylglucosinolateCanavanine1-Palmitoyl-2-(5-keto-6-octenedioyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one2-CarboxybenzaldehydeDimethylbenzimidazoleBenzylglucosinolate(9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acidMonoammonium glycyrrhizinateclothianidin5,7-Dimethoxyflavone1-MethylhistidineCaffeateGenipinCoumachlor10-Hydroxydecanoic acid(+)-Sesamin7,8-DihydroneopterinN-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateTraumatic AcidKarakinTolbutamideGlycochenodeoxycholic acidCodeine2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolineQuinateLigustilideSinensetindUMPCTPD-FructoseNaringeninDigoxinGenistinXanthohumolDapsoneGlucaric acidFlumethasoneDelphinidin 3-glucoside6-Methylaminopurine2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphateFormylanthranilic acidRiluzoleFructose 1,6-bisphosphateL-HomoserineDihydrofolic acidSucralose9(S)-HPODED-Ribose 5-phosphateEnalaprilPiperacillinSuprofen12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetateDihydroalbocyclineTaxifolinDroperidolMCPAThiamine monophosphatePicrotinPodofiloxFenitrothionGibberellin A12Muramic acidPentostatinOleuropeinGemfibrozilBromacil2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid4-PyridoxateCitrininMethoxsalenCarnosinegamma-Glutamylglutamic acid3-MethoxytyramineCoumesterolLincomycinSpironolactoneTemefosMetolazone4-HydroxybenzoatePentadecanoic acidMethyl beta-D-galactosideDeoxyuridineKojic acidEstradiol-17beta 3-sulfateChlorantraniliprolePhenylacetylglycinePenciclovirIndoxacarb(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosapentaenoic acidL-ArabinosePQQFlutamideN-AcetylmannosamineATP1,7-Dimethyluric acidNiflumic AcidGeinMetaflumizoneTaurocholateNilutamide10-Nitrolinoleic acidAminocaproic acidProcollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysineFluperlapinealpha-Zearalenol2,4-Dichlorophenoltrans-Zeatin ribosideD-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid7-Isopropyl-1,4-dimethylazuleneBusulfanHarpagosideFructose-1PEthylmethylacetic acidBenzoyl-CoAErgocalciferolShikimate 3-phosphateHimbacineQuinineGibberellin A53L-Malic acidDehydroepiandrosterone15-Deoxy-d-12,14-PGJ2Myristic acidSepiapterinSilibinin3-(Uracil-1-yl)-L-alanineSuccinic acidHypoxanthineApigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucosideIndomethacin2,4-DinitrophenolAdipateEstradiol valerateAntimycin A1Hippuric acidKanokoside Dalpha-SolanineN-Acetylaspartylglutamate4'-Hydroxychalconetrans-1,2-CyclohexanediolPerfluorooctanesulfonic acidCeftazidimeNateglinideCephalomannineMometasone furoateLinuron(-)-WikstromolFADChlorogenic acidOxoadipic acidGamma-TocotrienolNicotinuric acidApramycin sulfateInosineDidanosineD-PhenylalanineDiflubenzuronHetacillinQuinacrineOuabain13(S)-HPOTNeohesperidinArachidonic acidCarnosolN-Acetylmethionine2-(Methylamino)benzoic acidCellobioseLufenuronAnserine3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoatePimelate2-Hydroxyphenylacetate2-HeptanoneDihydrostreptomycingluconapoleiferinAllocholic acid1,8-ANSGeniposidic acidSoyasaponin IMaltotrioseCucurbitacin DArbutingamma-GlutamylcysteineDichlormidD-XylitolPaeoniflorinDihydrouracilN-AcetylhistamineMethyldopaDantronTheophyllineMaslinic acidBovinic acidCapecitabineOrotidylic acidN4-AcetylsulfamethoxazoleN-Acetylornithine6-HydroxymelatoninSalidrosidePicolinic acidApigeninmyo-InositolAstragalinThyroxineGlucosamine 6-phosphateTrichlopyr5,7-Dihydroxyflavone3-HydroxyphenylacetateDodecanedioic acidDattelic acidS-AdenosylmethionineFraxinDeoxyguanosineGingerolMefenamic acid2-Hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acidL-NorvalineSildenafil(+)-EudesminL-4-HydroxyphenylglycineFluazinamPhenyl acetateDibutyl phthalateAristolochic acidThymidineLabetalol?-CyclodextrinUrsodeoxycholic acidDiosmetinMethylmalonic acid2-hydroxyflutamideCysteine-S-sulfateGardenosideNodularinDeoxycorticosterone acetateVitamin K1Methyl jasmonateAdipate semialdehydeClobenpropit9-HydroxyphenanthreneNimodipineIsocitrateOxypurinolNonadecanoic acidAzathioprineBicucullineLoxapineDecanoyl-CoA (n-C10_0CoA)Oxycodone17a-EthynylestradiolCrocin20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4Allantoic acidPuerarinRibose 1,5-bisphosphateTaurodeoxycholic acidRaffinoseEpicatechinalpha-Santonin4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenoneAzelaic acidProstaglandin F2aEpinephrineSalicyluric acidImidazoleacetic acid2',4'-DihydroxyacetophenonePhosphocreatineClozapineDeoxycholic acidS-Lactoylglutathione12-Keto-tetrahydro-leukotriene B44-NonylphenolHexadecanedioatePentagalloylglucoseDinosebProstaglandin F1aDNOCAsiaticosidefalseMicrobiota network modules-derived tryptophan metabolites improve cognition via microglial AhR/Sirpα signaling<p>Gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as one of the hallmarks of aging, highlighting the need to identify microbial network modules as new biomarkers rooted in microbiota interactions and develop targeted nutritional interventions. The current research, integrating data from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient cohorts, meta-analysis and animal experiments, identified 4 core bacterial genera modules associated with aging and cognition. The combination of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Lachnospiraceae bacterium and Roseburia intestinalis was positively correlated with neurofunction and significantly improved cognitive performance in LPS-induced and AD mice. Metabolomic profiling revealed disrupted tryptophan metabolism in aging mice, which was restored upon intervention with the core bacterial strains. Mechanistically, tryptophan metabolites activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the hippocampus, modulating microglial phagocytosis via Sirpα and Trem2 signaling. Moreover, sesaminol enhanced cognitive function by modulating specific modules. These findings elucidated the role of the microbiota-tryptophan metabolites-microglia axis in anti-aging and provided new directions for microbiota-targeted interventions.</p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