Metabolite identities were confirmed by accurate mass and retention time matching with in-house and public metabolite libraries.
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilic"],"chromatography_protocol":["Analytical Methods
Platform: UHPLC-QTOF-MS
Instrument: Agilent 1290 II UHPLC + Agilent 6545XT QTOF
Column: Waters BEH amide column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm)
Ionization Mode: Jet stream ESI (negative mode)
Scan Range: 70–1100 m/z
Acquisition Rate: 2 Hz
Injection Volume:
PPP metabolites: 10 μL
Glycolysis/TCA metabolites: 3 μL
Mobile Phase A: 15 mM ammonium acetate, 0.3% NH4OH in water
Mobile Phase B: 15 mM ammonium acetate, 0.3% NH4OH in 90% acetonitrile
Gradient Profile:
0–8 min: 90% to 50% B
8–10 min: 50% B
10–11 min: 50% to 90% B
11–20 min: 90% B
"],"publication":["This study has not yet been published."],"submitter_affiliation":["Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University"],"submitter_name":["Tzu Han Weng"],"organism_part":["Embryonic Stem Cells"],"technology_type":["mass spectrometry"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["Please update this prExtraction Solvent: 100 μL of precooled acetonitrile:methanol:water (4:4:2, v/v/v)
Processing:
Shaking at 1000 rcf for 5 mins
Centrifugation at 15000 rcf for 5 mins, 4°C
90 μL supernatant mixed with 10 μL 5 mM medronic acid
Filtered before LC-MSotocol description
"],"organism":["Homo sapiens"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS12586"],"author":["Tzu Han Weng. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. alice1999616@gmail.com.","Su Yi Tsai. suyitsai@ntu.edu.tw."],"data_transformation_protocol":["Analysis Software: Agilent MassHunter / custom in-house MATLAB scripts
Processing Details: Isotopologue quantification and heatmap visualization of 13C incorporation into glycolysis, TCA, and PPP pathway intermediates
"],"study_factor":["Genotype"],"submitter_email":["alice1999616@gmail.com"],"sample_collection_protocol":["Organism: Homo sapiens
Sample Type: hESCs (human embryonic stem cells)
Growth Conditions: Cultured in SILAC Advanced DMEM/F-12 Flex medium supplemented with bFGF, Vitamin C, NaHCO3, NaCl, GlutaMAX, and Penicillin/Streptomycin
Treatment:
13C6-glucose (17.5 mM, 2 hr)
13C16-palmitate (50 μM, 16 hr)
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["strain or line design","compound treatment design","targeted metabolites"],"curator_keywords":["strain or line design","compound treatment design","targeted metabolites"],"mass_spectrometry_protocol":["Analytical Methods
Platform: UHPLC-QTOF-MS
Instrument: Agilent 1290 II UHPLC + Agilent 6545XT QTOF
Column: Waters BEH amide column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm)
Ionization Mode: Jet stream ESI (negative mode)
Scan Range: 70–1100 m/z
Acquisition Rate: 2 Hz
Injection Volume:
PPP metabolites: 10 μL
Glycolysis/TCA metabolites: 3 μL
Mobile Phase A: 15 mM ammonium acetate, 0.3% NH4OH in water
Mobile Phase B: 15 mM ammonium acetate, 0.3% NH4OH in 90% acetonitrile
Gradient Profile:
0–8 min: 90% to 50% B
8–10 min: 50% B
10–11 min: 50% to 90% B
11–20 min: 90% B
"],"metabolite_name":["Glucose-6-phosphate"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics of WT, GYG1 KO, and GYG2 KO human embryonic stem cells using 13C-labeled glucose and palmitate","description":"Proper regulation of glycogen metabolism is fundamental to cellular energy homeostasis, and its disruption is associated with various metabolic disorders, including glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) and potentially diabetes. Despite glycogen’s role as an essential energy reservoir, the mechanisms governing its synthesis and structural diversity across tissues remain unclear. Here, we uncover the distinct physiological roles of the human glycogenins GYG1 and GYG2 in glycogen synthesis. Through cellular models, structural biology, and biochemical analyses, we demonstrate that, unlike GYG1, GYG2 exhibits minimal autoglycosylation activity and acts as a suppressor of glycogen formation. Together, these two glycogenins coordinate glycogen synthase activity and influence glycogen assembly in a cell-type-dependent manner. Importantly, these glycogenins modulate glucose metabolic pathways, thereby ensuring cellular glucose homeostasis. These findings address longstanding questions in glycogen metabolism and establish both GYG1 and GYG2 as critical regulators of glycogen synthesis and breakdown in human, providing insights with potential therapeutic implications for treating GSDs and metabolic diseases.","dates":{"publication":"2025-07-15","submission":"2025-06-10"},"accession":"MTBLS12586","cross_references":{}}