Analysis of the NMR spectra was performed based on a targeted metabolomic approach. Accordingly, each metabolite was identified before statistical analysis using Chenomx NMR-Suite v8.0 software (Chenomx NMR suite, v8.0, Edmonton, AB, Canada) combining advanced analysis tools with a compound library. Quantitative analysis of NMR spectra was performed using NMRProcFlow and obtained data matrix was subjected to statistical analysis.
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -"],"publication":["Analyzing nicotine action against amyloid toxicity by NMR-pharmacometabolomics: an exploratory study."],"nmr_spectroscopy_protocol":["1D 1H NMR experiments were acquired on a using Bruker Ascend 600 MHz spectrometer with a 5 mm triple resonance Z gradient TXI probe (Bruker Co, Rheinstetten, Germany) at 298 K.
Spectra acquisition was performed using 12 ppm spectral width, 20k data points, presaturation during relaxation delay and mixing time for water suppression 25 and spoil gradient, 5 s relaxation delay and mixing time of 10 ms.
"],"submitter_affiliation":["University of Salerno"],"submitter_name":["Carmen Marino"],"organism_part":["exometabolome","endometabolome"],"technology_type":["NMR spectroscopy assay"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["The culture medium was collected from each plate (including cell-free medium incubated under the same conditions) in microcentrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 1000 x g for 10 min. For extracting cellular metabolites, a biphasic extraction protocol (methanol:chloroform:water; 1:1:1) was used, after cell collection by scraping and homogenization (Beckonert et al., 2007). After centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 10 min at 4 the two phases were separated. The resulting polar extracts were dried under vacuum in a SP-Genevac EZ-2 4.0 concentrator, and the lipophilic extracts were dried under a nitrogen flow for future analysis. All extracts were stored at -80 °C prior to NMR analysis.
"],"organism":["Homo sapiens"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS12706"],"author":["Carmen Marino. University of Salerno. via giovanni paolo II. cmarino@unisa.it.","Enza Napolitano. University of Salerno. Via giovanni Paolo II, FISCIANO (SA), ITALY. enapolitano@unisa.it.","Anna Maria D'ursi. University of Salerno. Via Giovanni Paolo II. dursi@unisa.it."],"data_transformation_protocol":["Sample data were normalised using sum, Log transformed and Pareto scaled and analysed by the open-source tool Metaboanalyst 6.0 and MixOmics R-package (mixOmics-package). 27, 28 To increase the accuracy and biological understanding of the data, multivariate statistical analysis was first performed on exometabolome and endometabolome concentration matrices and then on combined data matrices.
"],"study_factor":["Compartment","Type of disease"],"submitter_email":["cmarino@unisa.it"],"sample_collection_protocol":["Cells were pleated in 60 mm culture dishes and allowed to adhere overnight. For the nicotine Aβ (1-42) co-administration, cells were pretreated with nicotine (100 mM) and after 24 h Aβ (1-42) was added for additional 48 h at a sub-toxic concentration (5 mM). Cells exposed only to Aβ (1-42) peptide at the same concentration and incubation time were used for the comparison. For the control group cells were treated only with vehicle. At the end of treatments, the medium was collected, and the dishes washed with cold PBS (pH 7.4) to remove media components, immediately before the solvent extraction procedure described below.
All conditions were tested in 3 biological replicates, and each biological replicate provided 3 technical replicates.
"],"nmr_assay_protocol":["1D 1H NMR experiments were acquired on a using Bruker Ascend 600 MHz spectrometer with a 5 mm triple resonance Z gradient TXI probe (Bruker Co, Rheinstetten, Germany) at 298 K.
Spectra acquisition was performed using 12 ppm spectral width, 20k data points, presaturation during relaxation delay and mixing time for water suppression 25 and spoil gradient, 5 s relaxation delay and mixing time of 10 ms.
Topspin version 3.0 (Bruker Biospin) was used for spectrometer control and data processing. Analysis of the NMR spectra was performed based on a targeted metabolomic approach. Accordingly, each metabolite was identified before statistical analysis using Chenomx NMR-Suite v8.0 software (Chenomx NMR suite, v8.0, Edmonton, AB, Canada) combining advanced analysis tools with a compound library. Quantitative analysis of NMR spectra was performed using NMRProcFlow 26 and obtained data matrix was subjected to statistical analysis.
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","untargeted metabolites","Alzheimer's disease","Nicotine"],"curator_keywords":["nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","untargeted metabolites","Alzheimer's disease","Nicotine"],"nmr_sample_protocol":["
Lyophilized cell extracts were dissolved in 200 μL of buffer (50 mM Na2HPO4, 1 mM trimethylsilyl propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid, sodium salt (TSP-d4), 10% of D2O) and transferred into 3 mm NMR tubes for 1H NMR detection. TSP-d4 at 0.1% in D2O was used as an internal reference for the alignment and quantification of NMR signals. For the extracellular analysis, 100 μL of cell medium was mixed with 100 μL of the same buffer used of the lyophilized extracts.
"],"metabolite_name":["Taurine","Lactate","sarcosine","Acetyl cysteine","2-methyl-3-ketovaleric acid","N,N-dimethylformamide","arginine","3-methyl-2-oxovalerate","glycine","glutamate","Tyrosine","Threonine","Succinate","3-hydroxybutyrate","5,6-dihydrothymine","Acetate","lysine","homocystine","methionine","2-aminoisobutyric acid","UDP-glucose","dimethylallyl pyrophosphate","glutathione","Serine","Proline","Leucine","glutamine","methylmalonate","Isovalerate","choline","formate","isobutyryl-L-carnitine","2-oxobutyrate","citicoline","methanol","riboflavin","Isoleucine","homocysteine","glucose","Alanine","Phenylalanine","N-acetyl-L-aspartate","Tryptophan","Aspartate","pyroglutamate","pyruvate","Fructose","2-hydroxybutyrate","glycerophosphocholine","Lactose","acetoacetate","Valine","carnitine","betaine","ATP","histidine"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Analyzing nicotine action against amyloid toxicity by NMR-pharmacometabolomics: an exploratory study","description":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary neurodegenerative disease spread worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of AD is amyloid plaque deposition in the brain. Despite some epidemiological studies demonstrating that cigarette smoke is a factor in predisposing people to AD, nicotine, the principal alkaloid of Nicotiana Tobacco, has been widely studied for its ability to improve cognitive performance, both in animal models and in human studies.
Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism of action underlying the beneficial effect of Nicotine in AD; however, this is still questioned.
To have new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective action of Nicotine in Alzheimer's disease, we performed an NMR metabolomic analysis of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ (1-42) in the presence of nicotine. Our data show that the neuroprotective action of nicotine resides in its ability to restore the systemic unbalanced metabolism associated with AD. In particular, nicotine reverses most Aβ (1-42)-induced metabolic impairments, including those related to amino acid metabolism, especially those involved in neurotransmission, as well as alterations in energy metabolism and membrane phospholipid metabolism.
","dates":{"publication":"2026-06-26","submission":"2025-07-12"},"accession":"MTBLS12706","cross_references":{"MetaboLights":["MTBLC86365","MTBLC1148","MTBLC30831","MTBLC20067","MTBLC27468","MTBLC15366","MTBLC15344","MTBLC28939","MTBLC16449","MTBLC29016","MTBLC35391","MTBLC15422","MTBLC17750","MTBLC17126","MTBLC15354","MTBLC16436","MTBLC30751","MTBLC28757","MTBLC17234","MTBLC14321","MTBLC28300","MTBLC16856","MTBLC36313","MTBLC15428","MTBLC27570","MTBLC17230","MTBLC17485","MTBLC84838","MTBLC24898","MTBLC28484","MTBLC78320","MTBLC17716","MTBLC25017","MTBLC25094","MTBLC17790","MTBLC16811","MTBLC30861","MTBLC17741","MTBLC21547","MTBLC28044","MTBLC26271","MTBLC16010","MTBLC32816","MTBLC17015","MTBLC15611","MTBLC17822","MTBLC26806","MTBLC15891","MTBLC26986","MTBLC27897","MTBLC18186","MTBLC18066","MTBLC27266","MTBLC35932","MTBLC27971","MTBLC16057"],"ChEBI":["CHEBI:86365","CHEBI:1148","CHEBI:30831","CHEBI:20067","CHEBI:27468","CHEBI:15366","CHEBI:15344","CHEBI:28939","CHEBI:16449","CHEBI:29016","CHEBI:35391","CHEBI:15422","CHEBI:17750","CHEBI:17126","CHEBI:15354","CHEBI:16436","CHEBI:30751","CHEBI:28757","CHEBI:17234","CHEBI:14321","CHEBI:28300","CHEBI:16856","CHEBI:36313","CHEBI:15428","CHEBI:27570","CHEBI:17230","CHEBI:17485","CHEBI:84838","CHEBI:24898","CHEBI:28484","CHEBI:78320","CHEBI:17716","CHEBI:25017","CHEBI:25094","CHEBI:17790","CHEBI:16811","CHEBI:30861","CHEBI:17741","CHEBI:21547","CHEBI:28044","CHEBI:26271","CHEBI:16010","CHEBI:32816","CHEBI:17015","CHEBI:15611","CHEBI:17822","CHEBI:26806","CHEBI:15891","CHEBI:26986","CHEBI:27897","CHEBI:18186","CHEBI:18066","CHEBI:27266","CHEBI:35932","CHEBI:27971","CHEBI:16057"]}}