At the same time, the metabolites were identified by searching database, and the main databases were the HMDB (http://www.hmdb.ca/), Metlin ( https://metlin.scripps.edu/) and Majorbio Database .
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Liquid Chromatography MS - alternating - reverse phase"],"chromatography_protocol":["Metabolomics solution was eluted from an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 analytical column 1.0 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm with a VanGuard™ Pre-Column using a 10 min gradient from 15 % to 98 % B with a 10 min total run. The flow rate was 0.17 mL/min, the column oven temperature was maintained at 42 C. Mobile phase solvents consisted of 66.7 % acetonitrile and 0.2 mM ammonium fluoride (A phase) and 10 % acetonitrile, 90 % isopropanol and 0.2 mM ammonium fluoride (B phase).
"],"publication":["Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate gut microbiota-derived 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid to alleviate type 1 diabetes mellitus."],"submitter_affiliation":["The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University"],"submitter_name":["Yifan Guo"],"organism_part":["Bacterial Culture Supernatant"],"technology_type":["mass spectrometry assay"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["Bacterial culture supernatants were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for 2 min, thawed and sonicated on ice bath (3 × 5 min), and centrifuged at 15,000 × g for 20 min at 4 °C. 300 µL of the supernatant was mixed with 600 µL methanol. After vacuum-dried, and reconstituted. A 120 µL aliquot was transferred into LC–MS vials.
"],"organism":["metagenome"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS13174"],"author":["Yifan Guo. The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. guoyf28@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.","Li Cong. The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. congli@mail.sysu.edu.cn."],"data_transformation_protocol":["The pretreatment of LC/MS raw data was performed by Progenesis QI (Waters Corporation, Milford, USA) software, and a three-dimensional data matrix in CSV format was exported. The information in this three-dimensional matrix included: sample information, metabolite name and mass spectral response intensity. Internal standard peaks, as well as any known false positive peaks (including noise, column bleed, and derivatized reagent peaks), were removed from the data matrix, deredundant and peak pooled.
"],"study_factor":["Treatment"],"submitter_email":["guoyf2018@163.com"],"sample_collection_protocol":["The bacterial culture supernatant was flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen for 2 minutes, thawed in an ice bath, and subjected to ultrasonication (3 cycles, 5 minutes each). Subsequently, it was centrifuged at 15,000 × g and 4 °C for 20 minutes. A 300 µL aliquot of the supernatant was mixed with 600 µL of methanol, vacuum-dried, and reconstituted. Finally, 120 µL of the reconstituted solution was transferred to an LC–MS vial for analysis.
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["Multi-omics study","type 1 diabetes mellitus","untargeted metabolites","Omega-3 Fatty Acid","Gut microbiota (beta diversity)","Macrophage"],"curator_keywords":["type 1 diabetes mellitus","Multi-omics study","untargeted metabolites","Omega-3 Fatty Acid","Gut microbiota (beta diversity)","Macrophage"],"mass_spectrometry_protocol":["Mass spectrometry data were acquired using the Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA) mode. The MS1 full scan covered m/z 150–2000 at a resolution of 30,000, followed by MS/MS scan at 15,000. Positive and negative ion data were acquired using an H-ESI source at + 3500 V and -3000V spray voltages, respectively.
"],"metabolite_name":["C30 H46 O4"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate gut microbiota-derived 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid to alleviate type 1 diabetes mellitus","description":"Background
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to protect against type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but how they act through the gut-islet axis is not fully understood. This study explored how Omega-3 PUFA-influenced gut microbiota and their metabolites help protect pancreatic islets in T1DM.
Methods
We used fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to test the effects of Omega-3 PUFA-derived gut microbiota in NOD mice. Immune cell changes in the islets were analyzed using transcriptomics, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Metabolomics identified key metabolites in serum related to gut microbiota changes. Co-culture experiments examined the role of specific metabolites in macrophage polarization and β-cell function.
Results
Omega-3 PUFA-treated and FMT mice showed reduced islet inflammation and an increased abundance of the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. Enhanced M2 macrophage polarization was observed in the islet microenvironment of FMT mice. Among gut microbiota metabolites, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) was strongly linked to E. coprostanoligenes and stood out as a key molecule. In co-culture experiments, 18β-GA shifted macrophages to an M2 phenotype, which boosted insulin production and secretion in β-cells.
Conclusions
Omega-3 PUFA-derived gut microbiota and the metabolite 18β-GA play a key role in protecting pancreatic islets in T1DM by modulating macrophage polarization and improving β-cell function. These findings suggest new ways to use gut microbiota for T1DM treatment.
","dates":{"publication":"2026-06-13","submission":"2025-10-18"},"accession":"MTBLS13174","cross_references":{}}