MetaboLightsapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695/m_MTBLS13695_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695/m_MTBLS13695_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695/a_MTBLS13695_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695/s_MTBLS13695.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695/a_MTBLS13695_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txtprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13695<p>Finally, the final screening is conducted by calculating the P-values and VIP values. When the P-value &lt; 0.05 and the VIP value &gt; 1, the metabolite molecules are considered to be statistically significant. Pathway analysis is mainly performed using the MetaboAnalyst software package. This is used for the enrichment analysis of the obtained differential metabolites. Additionally, the pathway maps in the KEGG Mapper tool are used to browse the differential metabolites.</p>MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase<p>The chromatographic conditions are as follows: Chromatographic column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 1.8 μm, 21 mm x 100 mm; Mobile phase: Phase A is ultrapure water (0.1% formic acid), and phase B is acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid); Elution gradient: At 0 min, water/acetonitrile (95:5), at 11.0 min it is 10:90, at 12.0 min it remains 10:90, at 12.1 min it is 95:5, and at 14.0 min it remains 95:5; Flow rate: 0.4 mL/min; Column temperature: 40 °C; Injection volume: 2 μL.</p>Multi-omics reveals the protective mechanisms of Gastrodia elata ethyl acetate extract in vascular dementia.Peking UniversityDuo Keaibrainmass spectrometry<p>Take 100 mg of brain tissue from each group, grind and homogenize it. Centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 30 s at 4 °C. After centrifugation, add 400 μL of 70% methanol-water internal standard extraction solution, oscillate at 1500 rpm for 5 min, and let it stand on ice for 15 min. Then, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 10 min, and transfer 300 μL of the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube for instrumental analysis. Quality control (QC) samples are prepared by mixing sample extracts, which are used to analyze the repeatability of samples under the same treatment method.</p>Rattus norvegicushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS13695Jie Tao. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming,China. 2456991707@qq.com.Xiaohua Duan. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming,China. 1047896527@qq.com.<p>For the analysis of the model group and the drug-administered group, differential metabolites are screened with the criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP)&gt;1 and P&lt;0.05. Extract the VIP values from the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results, which also include score plots and permutation plots. Combine the p-value&lt;0.05 and VIP&gt;1 to identify the metabolites with the highest potential as biomarkers. Perform partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and conduct pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 5.0.</p>Groupkeaiduoduo998@126.com<p>Take 100 mg of brain tissue from each group, grind and homogenize it. Centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 30 s at 4 °C. After centrifugation, add 400 μL of 70% methanol-water internal standard extraction solution, oscillate at 1500 rpm for 5 min, and let it stand on ice for 15 min. Then, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 10 min, and transfer 300 μL of the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube for instrumental analysis. Quality control (QC) samples are prepared by mixing sample extracts, which are used to analyze the repeatability of samples under the same treatment method.</p>Metabolomicsethyl acetate extractmulti-omics researchGastrodia elatainflammationvascular dementiaethyl acetate extractmulti-omics researchGastrodia elatainflammationvascular dementia<p>The mass spectrometry conditions are as follows: The temperature of the electrospray ionization (ESI) source is 500 °C, the mass spectrometry voltage is 5500 V (positive) and-4500 V (negative), the ion source gas I is 55 psi, gas II is 60 psi, and the collision-activated dissociation (CAD) parameter is set to high.</p>Sodium pantothenate4-toluenesulfonic acidN-Isovaleroylglycine3,3-Dimethylglutaric acidPhe-IleGlu-LeuVal-MetGulonolactoneBis(1-inositol)-3,1'-phosphate 1-phosphateAAIminodiacetic acidGlucoronic AcidO-Acetyl-L-serineRhamnonic acidEstradiol cypionateMethanesulfonic acid2-Methoxyacetic acidHomovanillic Acid sulfate (sodium salt)alpha-Muricholic acid5-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridineOctadecanedioic acid(¡À)15-HETEMesaconic acidS-nitrosoglutathioneNordihydrocapsiateGly-Gly4-HydroxybenzaldehydeTyr-IleUDP-xyloseAsn-IlePiperidine acidFFA(17:1)(R)-2-Hydroxybutyric acidSonidegibPyridoxal 5'-PhosphatePhosphatidylethanolamine lyso alkenyl 18:3Piperonylic acidLPE(17:0/0:0)P-chlorophenylalanineLPE(0:0/20:2)Val-HypIsokaurenoic acidPro-GlyCinnamic AcidPantothenic acidPGD12-Aminoethylphosphonate5S,8R-DiHODEGuanosineGlyceraldehyde6-keto-PGF1¦ÁErucic acidDodecanedioic AcidAspartic AcidFFA(16:2)¦Ã-Glu-MetN-BenzyloxycarbonylglycineLPE(0:0/18:0)IndoleacetaldehydeSebacate3-Epideoxycholic acid4-acetoxyphenolAcetylvalineLPA(0:0/16:0)Cyclic Amp2,4-Di-tert-butylphenolHomocitric acidN-acetylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate15-oxoETE7,8,4'-TrihydroxyisoflavoneLPE(0:0/18:1)RhamnoseUridineLPE(20:4/0:0)Glu-PheL-threo-3-Methylaspartate4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycolN-ArachidonoylglycineFFA(16:0)Isocitric acidAsp-GluLPE(22:6/0:0)LPE(0:0/18:2)Ribose 1-phosphateAsp-Gly2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 5-sulfateIle-GlyPrim-O-glucosylcimifuginCyclic ADP riboseGlutathione ReducedformPhosphatidylethanolamine lyso alkenyl 16:02-Hydroxyisocaproic AcidPGE1S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteineAlbanol BUric acidFFA(16:1)2,2-Dimethylglutaric acidL-TyrosineLPE(0:0/18:3)D-Erythrose 4-phosphateSulfoacetic acidL-Asparagine Anhydrous3-Hydroxybutanoic acidL-Phenylalanine2-hydroxypentanedioic acidTrp-GlyTraumatic acidTetradecanedioic acidGuanidinoethyl SulfonateN6-Acetyl-L-LysineD-Glucaro-1,4-lactoneDL-O-tyrosine2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenolTaurocholic acid2-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acidCytidine 2',3'-Cyclic Monophosphoric AcidRibitolL-IditolDiethyl sulfateFlavin Single Nucleotide(FMN)L-Cystathionine4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde2-NaphtholOctadecanamideBenzoic AcidN-Acetylglucosamine 1-PhosphateCreatine phosphateAminomalonic AcidGlu-ValXanthosineCysteine-glutathione disulfide1,6-di-O-phosphono-D-fructose6-Phosphogluconic acidLPS(18:0)Fludarabine phosphateGlycolithocholic acidVal-Asp(S)-2-amino-6-oxopimelic acid¦Á-Ketoglutaric Acid (¦Á-KG)FosfosalDL-3-Phenyllactic acidSucrose 6¡ä-monophosphate13(R)-HODETauroursodeoxycholic acidMethylparaben4-Pyridoxic AcidTXB2L-Alanine2'-DeoxyuridineLPE(O-18:2)1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoateAminopterinGlu-TyrOrotidineFFA(9:0)2-Methylglutaric AcidIle-ValFFA(14:1)D-Fructose-6-phosphateTaurohyocholic acidDL-2-hydroxystearic acid6-trans-12-epi Leukotriene B44-Acetylbutyric acidMonobutyl phthalateTricarballylic acidAsn-GlnN-Phenylanthranilic acidMyoinositol2-Aminoethanesulfinic AcidLPA(16:1)N-MyristoylglycineLPE(0:0/16:0)LPS(20:1)PhosphatidylserineQuinalizarinD-Glucose 6-PhosphateGlycerol 3-Phosphate1-Aminocyclohexanoic acid4-Hydroxy-2-Oxoglutaric AcidLPS(20:0)LPE(0:0/16:1)2'-Aenylic AcidSarcosineN-Alpha-Acetyl-L-AsparagineLactic acidN-PalmitoylglycineTaurineXanthohumolAllantoinEthylsalicylate2-Deoxyribose-5'-phosphateFFA(22:6)Citramalic AcidIsopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoateL-Threonine2-HydroxyethanesulfonateL-SaccharopinePhosphoenolpyruvateTridecanedioic acid2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid3-Amino-4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid10-Hydroxystearic Acid3-Hydroxy-L-phenylalanine3-UreidopropionatePotassium 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonateGly-Leualpha-Ketoisovaleric acidGuanidineacetic AcidN-lactoyl-phenylalanineLPE(0:0/14:0)4-Methyloctanoic acid11,12-EETPorphobilinogenAG-183Sorbitol-6-phosphateIle-TyrN6-Succinyl AdenosineGemfibrozild-Myo-inositol 4-monophosphate ammonium saltFFA(12:0)2-Naphthalenesulfonic acidD-Fructose 6-Phosphate-Disodium SaltLactulosecis,cis-Muconic acidHydrocinnamic AcidAmmelide3-SialyllactoseL-Tryptophan5,6-DimethylbenzimidazoleFFA(22:4)Glu-Gln4-Guanidinobutyric AcidLPS(18:1/0:0)Cys-ProTryptamineDeoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate(dGMP)Carnosic acidUridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine?disodium?saltLPE(0:0/22:6)2-O-¦Á-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acidCreatineDL-Citrulline2-Deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate4-Ethyloctanoic acidEuxanthoneMucic AcidCitric AcidIsopentenyl pyrophosphateMethylstearateN-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid2-(¦Á-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphate glycerideL-CystineN6-MethyladenosineDimethylmalonic acidSuccinic AcidAdipic AcidArabitolHypoxanthinePyrroloquinoline QuinoneL-Arginine5-HydroxyisourateKynurenic Acidgamma-Glu-AlaN-Acetyl-L-LeucineHis-Ala11¦Â-Prostaglandin F2¦Á4-Hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic acidGDP-L-fucosePseudolaric acid Bcyclo(glu-glu)L-GuloseDocosahexaenoic Acid GlycineL-HomocystineS-(5-Adenosy)-L-HomocysteineCitraconic AcidTrp-AlaPyrazine-2-carboxylic acidLythramine2-Hydroxy-3-Methyl Butanoic Acid2-Deoxyribose 1-PhosphateInosineL-Serine2-Methylsuccinic AcidAdenosine 5'-MonophosphateN-Acetyl-L-phenylalanineFFA(10:0)Dihydroxyacetone phosphateCholic acid3,4-Dimethylbenzoic acid2-Methylhexanoic acidp-Cresol glucuronideLys-GlyHistidineN¦Á-Acetyl-L-ArginineUreidosuccinic acidImidazole-4-methanol3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl Butyric AcidAconitic AcidAcetylleucinePyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acidChlorthalL-CitrullineD-Mannose 6-phosphatePhosphonoacetic acid12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acidMevalonate 5-phosphate(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene glycol sulfate(¡À)12-HETEUDP-glucoseO-PhosphorylethanolamineGlycerophospho-N-Arachidonoyl EthanolamineLPE(17:1/0:0)2-amino-4-oxovaleric acidFFA(20:5)Ala-SerLPE(0:0/22:4)Asn-Pro3-Hydroxy-3-Methylpentane-1,5-Dioic AcidSuccinic acid semialdehydeMannitolFFA(20:2)4-Hydroxybenzoic AcidHydroxyphenyllactic acid15(R)-Prostaglandin E1N,N¡ä-dicyclohexylcarbodiimideL-Argininosuccinic acid2-MethylguanosineLevulinic acid(R)-3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acidXanthineADP-riboseL-Glutamine2-Hexyldecanoic acid8-iso Prostaglandin E1Quinic acid¦¢-PseudouridineN-Acetyl-L-Glutamic AcidN-Acetyl-L-alanineAsn-CysLPS(22:6)Val-LysFlavanoneTyrphostin 23Glucurolactone5-Hydroxymethyluracil4-Hydroxyphthalic acidL-Isoleucine5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracilLPE(22:3/0:0)1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylatePantetheineLPE(0:0/20:3)Malic acidGluconic acidZerenoArmexifolinAsn-TyrMaltoseDl-Glyceraldehyde 3-PhosphateLPA(0:0/18:2)Asn-Asp5-hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acidLPA(20:4)FFA(20:1)Galacturonic acidPyruvic AcidThiodiglycolic acid3,3',4'5-TetrahydroxystilbeneMaleic AcidGuanosine-5'-diphosphateL-Dihydroorotic AcidIsolithocholic acidN-(2-hydroxyethyl) lactamideAllantoic acidDinoprostoneN-Methyl-D-Aspartic AcidFFA(18:2)L-GlycineLPE(0:0/20:5)L-Carnosine2-amino-6-oxohexanoic acidInositol 1-phosphate9,10-dihydroxystearic acidImidazoleacetic acidDeoxycholic acidCytidine 5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid£¨CMP-NANA£©Carbamoyl phosphateBiopterinMethylmalonic AcidBazedoxifene HClfalseMulti-omics reveals the protective mechanisms of Gastrodia elata ethyl acetate extract in vascular dementia<p>Objective: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Gastrodia elata (EEGE) on vascular dementia (VD) and its underlying mechanisms.&nbsp;</p><p>Methods: A VD rat model was established using the two-vessel occlusion method, while an in vitro cerebral ischemia injury model was constructed by subjecting HT22 cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation. The mechanisms were systematically explored through behavioral tests, ELISA, integrated network analysis, and combined metabolomic and transcriptomic techniques. Key targets were further validated by Western blot.&nbsp;</p><p>Results: EEGE significantly improved cognitive function in VD rats. Integrated multi-omics and network analysis predicted that its effects involved two key targets, TNF and IGF1, and identified Parishin A and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as prioritized drug metabolites for assessment. Subsequent experiments confirmed that EEGE effectively downregulated serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β by modulating the IGF1-TREM2 signaling axis and the AMPK-SIRT1-FoxO1- NF-κB pathway.&nbsp;</p><p>Conclusion: The improvement of cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia by EEGE is closely associated with its regulation of the IGF1-TREM2 axis and the AMPK-SIRT1-FoxO1-NF-κB pathway, thereby mitigating neuroinflammation. This study provides experimental evidence and a potential mechanistic basis for further exploration of EEGE in VD intervention.</p>2026-01-152026-01-15MTBLS13695