MetaboLights

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ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713/m_MTBLS13713_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713/m_MTBLS13713_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713/a_MTBLS13713_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713/a_MTBLS13713_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713/s_MTBLS13713.txtprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS13713The identification of significantly differential metabolites in untargeted metabolomics was based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) values derived from the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model and the P-values determined by the student’s t-test. Metabolites with VIP > 1 and P < 0.05 were defined as significantly differential metabolites.MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phaseThe chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 μm; Waters, Milford, USA). Mobile phase A consisted of 95% water + 5% acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid), and mobile phase B consisted of 47.5% acetonitrile + 47.5% isopropanol + 5% water (containing 0.1% formic acid). The injection volume was 3 μL, and the column temperature was 40°C.Dietary lactoferrin supplementation enhances immune function, improves intestinal integrity and reshapes gut microbiota in kittens.China Agricultural Universityqin Wangforelimbmass spectrometry assay100 μL of serum was pipetted into a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, and 400 μL of extraction solution (acetonitrile: methanol = 1:1, v/v) containing four internal standards (L-2-chlorophenylalanine at 0.02 mg/mL) was then added. After vortex mixing for 30 seconds, low-temperature ultrasonic extraction was performed for 30 minutes at 5°C and 40 KHz, and then the samples were stored at -20°C for 30 minutes. Subsequently, samples were centrifuged at 13,000 × g and 4°C for 15 minutes, and the supernatants were transferred and dried with nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted with 100 μL of reconstitution solution (acetonitrile:methanol = 1:1, v/v), followed by low-temperature ultrasonic extraction at 5°C and 40 KHz for 5 minutes. The samples were then centrifuged at 13,000 × g and 4°C for 10 minutes, and the resulting supernatant was carefully transferred to an injection vial with an inner liner for subsequent instrumental analysis.kittenhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS13713qin Wang. 13216729573@163.com.qing Yang. China Agricultural University. qing.yang@cau.edu.cn.After LC-MS analysis, the raw data were imported into the metabolomics processing software Progenesis QI (Waters Corporation, Milford, USA) for baseline filtering, peak detection, peak integration, retention time correction, and peak alignment. A data matrix containing retention time, mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), and peak intensity was finally obtained. Meanwhile, the MS and MS/MS spectral information was matched against the public metabolomic databases HMDB (http://www.hmdb.ca), Metlin (https://metlin.scripps.edu/), and the self-built database of Majorbio to acquire metabolite information.The database-searched data matrix was uploaded to the Majorbio Cloud Platform (cloud.majorbio.com) for further analysis.Group13216729573@163.comOn the 42nd day of the experiment, after 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were collected from the forelimb veins of kittens and placed in vacuum blood collection tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Subsequently, these samples were centrifuged at 3000 revolutions per minute (rpm) at 4 °C for 10 minutes to obtain serum for untargeted metabolomics analysis.Metabolomicsuntargeted metabolitesSerumImmunityuntargeted metabolitesSerumImmunityThe samples were ionized by electrospray ionization, and mass spectrometry signals were collected in both positive and negative ion scanning modes, with a mass scan range of 70-1050 m/z. Fahfa(6:0/16:0)FlosequinoxanCp 47,497-C8-Homolog C-8-Hydroxy MetaboliteCorticosteroneColforsin Daropate6-Hydroxyindole SulfateN-IsovaleroylglycineL-RhamnuloseLpc(O-18:0)Arg-Asp-AspTyrosol 4-Sulfate4-CarboxyphenylglycinePs(40:4)Isophthalic AcidGlu-LeuGamma-Glutamyl-Beta-(Isoxazolin-5-On-2-Yl)AlanineDibutyl Sulfosuccinate1-Nonadecanoyl-Glycero-3-PhosphoserinePc(O-9:0/7:0)6-Isobutyl-4-Hydroxy-2-PyroneN,N'-DiacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolicholN-AcetylvalineDesmethyladinazolamDeoxycholic AcidL-HistidineHexanoylglycinePorrigenin ALps(18:2)RphdhdIndoxyl SulfateAcetaminophen Cystein1-Pyrroline-2-Carboxylic AcidTrans-Zeatin-O-Glucoside RibosidePe(Dime(11,5)/20:3(6,8,11)-Oh(5))Lpc(O-18:1)CitrullineGlutarylglycineMedica 16Gamma-Cehc Glucuronide2-Acetamido-2,6-DideoxygalactoseLeu-AspN-Formyl-L-MethionineGamma-Aminobutyric Acid-BetaxanthinApiosylglucosyl 4-HydroxybenzoateGamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Methionine SulfoxideN-Methylanthranilic Acid3,3-Dimethylglutaric AcidSelachyl AlcoholZileuton O-GlucuronideN2-AcetylornithineSucrose AlcoholHomovanillic Acid SulfateKinetensin 4-7Pa(Pgd2/A-25:0)Lpe(20:4)4-Ethoxy-4-Oxobut-2-Enoic AcidPc(18:2/18:2)Pantothenic AcidEnprostilL-Erythro-Phenylserine(+/-)-TryptophanHordenineFluoromethyl 2,2-Difluoro-1-(Trifluoromethyl)Vinyl EtherIbuprofen GlucuronideCarthamoneRicinineOctadecenedioic AcidO-Methoxyphenyl Sulfate12A-Hydroxy-3-Oxocholadienic Acid2-Furoic AcidEpoxymurin AQuercetin-3'-GlucuronideLps(18:0)Benzyl SulfateGlutamylisoleucineAustdiol3-Dehydro-6-Deoxoteasterone2-Hydroxypalmitic AcidLamivudinePseudouridine4-Morpholinobenzoic Acid3,5-Dimethoxy-4-(3-Methylbut-2-Enoxy)Benzaldehyde(Z)-2-Oct-7-Enylpent-2-Enedioic Acid1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid(2E,7E)-6-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-2-(4-Methylpent-3-Enyl)Nona-2,7-Dienedioic AcidPglu-His-ProOchromycinoneL-FormylkynureninePiperonylic AcidDihydrochelerythrineLigustroflavone12-HetePalmitaldehydeFahfa(23:0/2:0)Lps(18:1)Dihydroferulic Acid 4-O-SulfateOctocryleneCysteineglutathione DisulfideGuanosine3-Amino-2-Naphthoic AcidGlutamylphenylalanine8-HydroxyacyclovirGlyuranolideTaurine AspartateHexadecanedioic AcidTaurochenodeoxycholate-7-SulfateDodecyl Hydrogen Sulfate2-Decyl-3-Hydroxypentanedioic AcidAlpha-Bisabolol Oxide AChenodeoxycholic AcidLpi(18:2)Psoromic AcidAcetylglycinePc(18:2/20:4)MorinidazoleAsp-ThrSl(21:2_O/26:7)Phe-GluPentadeca-9,11,13-Trienedioylcarnitine3-Sulfobenzoic AcidCreatinine LactateNorophthalmic AcidOctadecanedioic Acid(Z)-Dodec-5-Enedioic AcidD6-AmbrettolideProstaglandin D34-Methylhippuric AcidGlyceric AcidLnaps(12:0/N-26:4)2-Hydroxycaprylic Acid2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-One6-Hydroxyindoxyl SulfateN-Acetylaspartic Acid3''-O-Caffeoylcosmosiin(2E,6E)-5,9-Dihydroxynonadeca-2,6-Dienoic Acid2-Hydroxypentanoic AcidSapacitabineAsparaginyl-ValineN-Palmitoyl TaurinePolyporusterone FN-Alpha-Acetyl-L-LysineEnterodiol Sulfate(2-Oxo-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Indol-3-Yl)Acetic AcidParamethadione2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol Sulfate4-Acetamido-2-Amino-6-NitrotoluenePlumbaginMethylimidazoleacetic AcidD-ErythroseNummularine APc(18:0/20:4)Butyl (Z)-5,8,9-Trihydroxy-4-[(E)-2-Methylbut-2-Enoyl]Oxydec-6-EnoateLpi(18:0)(2S)-7-Tert-Butyl-6-Chloro-2-(Trifluoromethyl)-2H-Chromene-3-Carboxylic Acid5-Chloro-2-(3,5-Di-Tert-Butyl-2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2H-BenzotriazoleHpaa SulfateFumaric AcidSuberylglycine(E)-2-Tetracosenoic AcidPanosialin Wa3Alpha-HydroxyoreadoneAcetaminophen Sulfate2-Propylglutaric Acid(9S,10R,12Z)-9,10-Dihydroxy-12-Octadecenoic AcidLpe(20:1)Pc(20:4/20:4)2-(4-Acetyl-6,8-Dihydroxy-1-Oxoisoquinolin-2-Yl)-4-Methylpentanoic AcidNeplanocin A(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-Amino-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-3-[(2R)-1-Oxopropan-2-Yl]OxyhexanalUric AcidLpi(18:1)BenazeprilCytidine 2',3'-Cyclic PhosphateLpc(20:4)12,13-DihomeProazulenePinonic AcidAurapteneGaldosolSucrose13-HodeTerephthalic AcidMethyl Geldanamycinate2-[(Z)-Dodec-6-Enyl]-3-Hydroxypentanedioic AcidSl(23:3_O/26:7)Asp-Leu-Ile18-HydroxyoleateSt(24:1_O3_G/22:6)(E)-8,9,10-Trihydroxyoctadec-6-Enoic Acid(5Z,8Z,13E,15S)-11,12,15-Trihydroxyicosa-5,8,13-Trienoylcarnitine2-Amino-5-PhenylpyridineEtimicin4-Methoxyindoxyl Sulfate5'-Deoxy-5-FluorocytidineSaicar22B-HydroxycholesterolNorethindrone AcetateMalvalic AcidPc(O-8:0/12:0)2-Hydroxy-4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-8-Methyl-6-Oxononyl]-3-Methyl-2H-Furan-5-One8-MethoxykynurenateLepidiumsesterterpenol4-Decan-4-Ylbenzenesulfonic Acid3-(6-Hydroxy-7-Methyloctyl)-3,6-Dihydro-1H-Furo[3,4-C]Furan-4-One11-(2-Hydroxy-3,4-Dimethyl-5-Oxofuran-2-Yl)Undecanoic AcidAscorbic AcidNeuromedin N (1-4)Pe(18:0/0:0)Buprenorphine(Z)-6-Methyl-2-(4-Methylpent-3-Enyl)Hept-2-Enedioic AcidL-Malic Acid(3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoic Acid3,7-Dihydropurin-6-One3-Methyl-5-(Thiophen-2-Ylmethyl)-1H-Pyridazin-6-OneN-Stearoyl Taurine3-Amino-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)Propanoic AcidLpe(22:6)Pg(Pgf1Alpha/A-21:0)Cp 47,497-C9-HomologSl(21:3_O/26:7)Beta-D-Fucose2-MethylbutyrylglycineD-3-Phenyllactic Acid SulfateAfalanine5-MethylcytidineAlanylhistidineL-N-CarboxymethylserineP-Toluenesulfonic Acid[2,3-Dihydroxy-3-(3-Methoxy-5-Oxo-2H-Furan-2-Yl)-1-Phenylpropyl] Acetate4-NitrophenolTetrahydrocortisolN-Acetyl-L-TyrosineLoganateDocosahexaenoic AcidTetradecanedioic AcidLpe(O-16:0)Cyclo(D-Trp-D-Asp-Pro-D-Ile-Leu)Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol HemisuccinateBisdethiobis(Methylthio)Gliotoxin3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-3-Hydroxy-8-Methoxy-1-Azaspiro(4.5)Decane-2,4-Dione1,4-Dihydro-2-MethylbenzoicacidFluazuron(9R,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-10,12,15-Trienoic AcidGlu-ValGlutamyl-Gamma-GlutamateIberin-Cysteine-GlycineL-4-Hydroxyglutamate SemialdehydeLpc(14:0)Glycylleucine4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenylglycol SulfateMycaroseIsodityrosineTert-ButylhydroquinoneL-Threonic AcidGulonic AcidPe(6 Keto-Pgf1Alpha/22:2(13Z,16Z))Val-AspL-HomocarnosinePc(O-8:0/8:0)D-Threo BiopterinPimelic Acid2-Hydroxyethyl GlucosinolateLpe(O-16:1)3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Lactic AcidHistidinal3-Methylsalicylic Acid2-Hydroxyacetophenone SulfatePc(16:0/18:1)8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-Sulfonic Acid2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid18-Hepe4-Acetamidobenzoic AcidPgp(5-Iso Pgf2Vi/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))17Alpha,20Alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-En-3-OneCortisolSterebin B2-[(2-{[(Benzyloxy)Carbonyl]Amino}-3-Methylpentanoyl)Amino]Acetic AcidArmillaric AcidBenzophenoneProgabide Acid22Alpha-Hydroxy-5Alpha-Campestan-3-One(4E,7E)-Dodeca-4,7-Dienedioic AcidLnape(13:1/N-7:0)2-(Acetylamino)Hexanoic Acid(1R,3S)-3-(6-Aminopurin-9-Yl)Cyclopentan-1-OlCryptodorine4-Vinylphenol Sulfate1,1-Bis(4-Chlorophenyl)EthyleneCitronellyl Acetate2-Decenedioic Acid14R,15S-Epetre3-{[3-(Trifluoromethyl)Phenyl]Carbamoyl}Prop-2-Enoic Acid2-Oxazolidinone2-Cyclohexen-1-One, 3-(15-Hydroxypentadecyl)-2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-Ethylphenyl SulfateNeoline10-Hydroxydecanoic AcidBaohuoside ViNikkomycinPc(16:0/18:2)CinnamoylglycineIsoxazoleN-Octanoyl-L-Homoserine LactoneAdrenosteroneAsp-PheApo-13-ZeaxanthinoneGlu-AsnDillanosideQuercetin 3-O-GlucuronideTriclabendazole SulfoxideGalactosylhydroxylysineCohumulonePractololGlutaminylhistidine4-Aminophenylmannoside2-Carboxybenzaldehyde(-)-Trans-Carveol GlucosideNemonoxacin9-Oxononanoic AcidEnsulizole3Z-Dodecenedioic Acid4,6-Dinitro-O-Cresol3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid-3-O-Sulphate3-(Cyclohexylamino)-2-Hydroxy-1-Propanesulfonic AcidFa(18:3+2O)Artonin LLpi(20:4)6-Keto-28-HomobrassinolideGamma-Glutaminyl-4-HydroxybenzeneGamma-GlutamylglutamineFormycin BD-(-)-Ribose12-HhtreHydroxybuprenorphineDocosanedioic AcidThymidine 5'-Monophosphate5,6-Dihydroxytetradecanedioic AcidTraumatic AcidLactic AcidN-Acetylasparagine5-Phenyl-1,3-Oxazinane-2,4-DioneGlutarimideZierinGamma-Glutamylfelinylglycine2-AcetylaminofluoreneRetaspimycin6''-Malonylgenistin5-Hydroxynaphthalene-1-Sulfonic Acid2,8-Bis-Trifluoromethyl-4-Quinoline Carboxylic AcidLpc(22:6)Colupox BMaltol(E)-Non-3-Enedioic AcidGlu-ProPhorbol-12,13-DibutyrateCynaratriolEthisteroneTaurineDocosapentaenoic AcidAllantoinJanthitrem EOchratoxin BMetyrosineNaltrexoneNotoginsenoside T1Luteolin 7-O-[Beta-D-Glucuronosyl-(1->2)-Beta-D-Glucuronide]-4'-O-Beta-D-GlucuronideN-Acetylsphingosine19(R)-Hydroxy Prostaglandin E1NerolidolL-ThreonineDehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicinRicinoleic AcidImidazoleacetic Acid RibotideSparsomycin1-((1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-Yl)Methyl)-4-PhenylpiperazineUndeca-5,7,9-TrienedioylcarnitinePe(O-16:2/4:0)2-(Acetylamino)-2-Deoxy-Alpha-D-Mannopyranose3-Hydroxy-5,5,8A-Trimethyl-3,4,4A,6,7,8-Hexahydronaphthalene-2-Carboxylic AcidLpc(17:1)2-Aminoflubendazole3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-Methyl-2-Butenyl)Phenyl]-2-PropenalAsp-Gly-LeuAlpha-TocopherolDemissidineD-Glycero-L-Galacto-OctuloseSn-38Thiomorpholine 3-Carboxylate1-(2-Furylmethyl)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-3-Carboxylic AcidN-Acetyl-L-MethionineForskolin3-Hydroxy-4-(2,6,7-Trihydroxy-6-Methylheptan-2-Yl)Benzoic AcidRobustocin(+/-)-2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)Butanoic AcidLucidenolactoneNorchalciporyl Propionate11-Hydroxy-12-Methyltetradecanoic Acid4-Hydroxyproline1-Heneicosanoyl-Glycero-3-PhosphoserinePip(6 Keto-Pgf1Alpha/18:1(11Z))4-O-Alpha-D-Galactopyranosylcalystegine B2Imidazoleacetic Acid Riboside5-Nonadecyl-1,3-BenzenediolTricholomic AcidD-3-Phenyllactic AcidTridecanedioic Acid2-Octylpent-2-Enedioic AcidLps(22:6)Lpc(17:0)2-O-Alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-1-DeoxynojirimycinMethoxyphenylacetic Acid2-Amino-4-Ethoxy-3-Hydroxybutanoic AcidN-Formylglycine23-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-25-Methyldolichosterone4-Ethylphenylsulfate2-Hydroxysebacic Acid2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-B]Pyridine4-Hydroxymethylpyrazole5H-Pyrrolo[3,2-D]PyrimidineLpe(O-18:2)3'-Methoxytricetin 7-GlucuronideCis-MurisolinoneNiacinamidePe(Dime(11,5)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Oh(16R))Taxifolin 3-Arabinoside8-AcetoxypinoresinolCinncassiol C3DeoxycholylphenylalanineDihydrolipoate3-Chlorobenzoic AcidFenleuton2-Hexylpentanedioic AcidChlorbensidePyrogallolLpe(16:0)3-Methyldioxyindole2-Amino-7-Methoxy-3H-Phenoxazin-3-OneDaidzein SulfateLpe(O-18:3)3-Azido-7-HydroxycoumarinUracilEpanololTrifluoperazine11B,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-Oxo-5B-Pregnan-18-Al(3R,4R)-4,5,8-Trihydroxy-3-Methyl-3,4-Dihydroisochromen-1-One(R)-2-Hydroxy-7,8-Dimethoxy-2H-1,4-Benzoxazin-3(4H)-One 2-Glucoside4-Allylphenol SulfatePc(16:0/20:5)Morphine2'-Fluoro-2',3'-DideoxyinosineMaltotetraose2-Hydroxybutyric AcidLnape(8:0/N-3:0)5-Hydroxyindole-3-Acetic AcidOphthalmic Acid5-L-Glutamyl-L-Alanine8(S)-Hetre4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic AcidAzacitidineHippuric AcidCitric AcidIsopiperitenonePe(O-8:0/10:0)11-Dehydro Thromboxane B2FuraginFluorohydrocortisone3-Amino-2,3-Dihydrobenzoic AcidRickinic Acid ADesmethyldeschlorobenzoyl IndomethacinIndoleacrylic AcidSuccinic AcidBucindololMomordolImidazoloneGibberellin A516-Hydroxy-2-AminopurinePiromelatineArabitolAla-His3-Amino-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)PropanoateN-(2-Hydroxy-3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl)-2-(2-Nitro-1-Imidazolyl)AcetamidePhenyl Hydrogen SulfateHumuloneLpe(O-18:1)Glycyl-Prolyl-Arginyl-Valyl-Valyl-Glutamic AcidTrp-PheCholylglutamine5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-Hydroxy-8-Methylnonyl)Oxolan-2-OneDinoterb3-Methoxyphenol SulfateAlpha-[3-(Nitrosoamino)Propyl]-3-Pyridinemethanol24,24-Difluoro-1Alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3FebarbamateHomovanillyl Alcohol SulfateVanillin-4-Sulfate2-[5-(4-Phenyl-1,3-Thiazol-2-Yl)-2-Thienyl]PyridineMyristoleic AcidAlpha-Linolenic Acid6-Azauridine2-Oxoglutaric AcidGibberellin A204-Methoxybenzoic AcidN-Acetylneuraminic Acid 9-PhosphateCitreoviridin3-Hydroxy-10'-Apo-B,Y-CarotenalResveratrol1-(4-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-3-Methoxyphenyl)-3,5-DihydroxydecaneGlycine FormateKetotrilostane3-Hydroxymethylantipyrine11Z-Eicosenoic AcidDacinostatXanthoangelol HCanrenone4-Hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic AcidElatoside GCortisone16-KetoestradiolPe(Pgf1Alpha/P-18:1(11Z))Piliformic Acid3,4-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic AcidInosineDopamine GlucuronideArabinosylhypoxanthineGlu-Glu-Gln2-Methylhippuric Acid1-[(E)-3-Hydroxybut-1-Enyl]-2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexane-1,2,4-TriolAsp-LeuAlpha-Cyano-3-Hydroxycinnamic AcidAshurbinHistidylmethionine(S)-NorfenfluramineP-Cresol SulfateCalcitroic AcidNervonic AcidCortolone(Z)-3-(4-Hydroxy-2-Propyloxolan-3-Yl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid1-Dodecanesulfonic Acid, 1-Hydroxy-3-Oxo-7-Hydroxyindole Sulfate(8-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-1-Oxo-3,4-Dihydroisochromen-5-Yl) Hydrogen SulfateCapsoside ARoccellic Acid4-Hydroxypropranolol GlucuronideGentiopicrosideSalicylic Acid9-TetradecenalGlucosamine 6-Sulfate(+/-)10-GingerolPolyanethole-SulfateCamelledionol2,2'-Methylenebis(4-Methyl-6-Tert-Butylphenol)Estrone SulfateDattelic Acid3-Hydroxystigmast-5-En-7-OneLpe(18:1)Pc(Dime(11,3)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Oh(19S))Deoxyuridine Monophosphate2-HeptanoneOxymorphoneL-Ascorbic Acid 2-SulfateAcetylleucineEstradiol-17Beta-GlucuronideLpc(20:3)3-(3-Sulfooxyphenyl)Propanoic AcidDodecyl-Beta-D-MaltosideAlpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic AcidTrenbolone AcetateCis-Aconitic Acid1-Isothiocyanato-7-(Methylthio)HeptanePhlorisovalerophenoneFlazineUdp-Beta-L-ArabinofuranoseN-Acetyl-D-AlloisoleucineFavipiravirN-(4-Iodophenyl)-2-Pyrrolidin-1-Ylacetamide2-Hexadec-7-Enyloctadecanedioic Acid5,6-Dihydro-5'-AzacytidinePc(18:0/18:2)Lpc(20:2)(2-Amino-5-Chlorophenyl)(Phenyl)Methanone OximeArachidonic AcidGlycerophosphocholine4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-Cyclohexenyl)-2-ButanolErgothioneineLps(20:4)D-(-)-FructoseN-Acetyl-L-PhenylalanineLansoprazole SulfideArascAl 8810Isorhamnetin 3-Rutinoside 4'-RhamnosideTrilostane3-Piperidinecarboxylic Acid, 1-(4,4-Bis(3-Methyl-2-Thienyl)-3-Butenyl)-, (S)-2-[Carbamimidoyl(Phosphonomethyl)Amino]Acetic AcidInositol Cyclic PhosphateAspartylglycosamineDl-M-Tyrosine2-(2-Ethylhexoxycarbonyl)Benzoic AcidCromakalim12-Ketochenodeoxycholic AcidDihydrofoliamenthic Acid(E)-Indol-3-YlacetaldoximePropionic AcidThymol SulfateDimboa GlucosideEucannabinolideDocosenoic AcidLpc(20:1)4-Hydroxybenzoic AcidTetrahydrodeoxycortisolScopolamineN-Acetylhistidine1-Thiocyanato-4-(Methylthio)ButaneBelnacasanPanoseAnnosquamosin BLpc(19:1)L-Aspartate-SemialdehydeCalcein Blue1B,3A,7A-Trihydroxy-5B-Cholanoic AcidL-GlutaminePc(16:0/22:6)3'-(1-Butylphosphoryl)AdenosineN-Acetyl-L-Glutamic AcidConvicineLinoelaidic Acid16-Hydroxy-10-Oxohexadecanoic AcidSulfuric Acid 4-Methoxyphenyl EsterLpe(18:2)Indolelactic Acid2-Amino-6-ChloropurineTanshinone IibBlasticidin SCyclohexanecarboxylic Acid4-HdoheMonocrotalineAnisatinLeu-GluSalicyluric AcidTranexamic AcidLpc(18:3)Glu-ThrLpc(19:0)Pc(18:1/18:2)1-Oleoyl Lysophosphatidic AcidBoviquinone 42-DeoxygalactopyranoseDl-ArginineDibutyl PhosphateQuinic AcidLpi(16:0)Alpha-CehcLpa(18:0)Dg(Pgf1Alpha/0:0/12:0)Lpa(18:2)Bis(Adenosine)-5'-PentaphosphateN-AcetylglycineAngiotensin (1-7)Sebacic AcidO-Acetyl-L-SerineGlu-Met-Ser18-HydroxycorticosteroneFuziline6-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy-3-(3-Methyl-2-Butenyl)-2-(2-Phenylethenyl)Benzoic AcidAlpha-D-Glucose3-MethylindoleImidaprilatLpc(18:2)Smgdg(O-9:0/24:5)(R)-2-Hydroxystearic Acid3,4-Dimethyl-5-Pentyl-2-Furanpentadecanoic Acid3-Dehydroteasterone5-Hydroxy-N-FormylkynureninePc(Pgf1Alpha/P-16:0)2-Methoxyacetaminophen Sulfate3-Ethoxypropanoic AcidPyruvic Acid3,4-Dihydro-9-Hydroxy-[1]Benzothieno[2,3-F]-1,4-Thiazepin-5(2H)-OneRanimustineFructosyl Valine4-Hydroxy-L-Glutamic AcidSedoheptuloseTgr5 Receptor AgonistUndecanedioic AcidIsohumulinone ASl(21:1_O/26:7)Normetanephrine3,5-Dihydroxydecanoic Acid4-PhenylpyridineMethionyl-HistidinePhysangulide2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)Phenyl Hydrogen Sulfate5-Hydroxy-7-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Phenylheptan-3-OneEstetrol25(R)-Hydroxyprotopanaxadiol3A,7A-Dihydroxy-5B-CholestaneNitrobenzodiazepineAlkaloid Aqc2Cortisol 21-Mesylate5-PyridoxolactonePi(Pgf2Alpha/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))Azelaic AcidTetradeca-5,7,9-Trienedioylcarnitine3-Chloro-2-MethyldienelactoneTetracosanedioic AcidEtiocholanolone Glucuronide4,5-DimethyloxazoleLpc(O-16:1)IsocytosineMethyl 11,17,21-Trihydroxy-3,20-Dioxopregna-1,4-Diene-16-Carboxylate5-HetePhosphocreatine5-Benzyl-4-Hydroxy-2-Phenyl-1,3-Thiazin-6-OneRosmaricineFahfa(18:2/20:4)OchrephilonePaclobutrazol2-Hydroxymyristic AcidLeucogenenol12-Hydroxyjasmonic AcidDeoxycytidineArctinone ATuberoside3-Tert-Butylpentanedioic AcidSalicylsulfuric AcidAlizarin ComplexoneVanillin3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic AcidNmnhPentyl 2-Furyl Ketone5,7-Dihydroxy-11-Ketotetranorprostanoic AcidfalseDietary lactoferrin supplementation enhances immune function, improves intestinal integrity and reshapes gut microbiota in kittens Background: Lactoferrin is a natural iron-binding glycoprotein with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and barrier-protective activities, and it is widely applied in human nutritional supplements and infant food additives, but its application potential in pet food remains undetermined. This study investigated the influence of dietary lactoferrin on immune functions, intestinal barrier integrity and gut microbiota in kittens. Results: A total of 24 healthy kittens aged 5-10 months were divided into three groups (n = 8) and fed with a commercial basal diet (CON group) and the basal diet supplemented with 500 or 1000 mg/kg lactoferrin (L-LF group or H-LF group), respectively, for 42 days. Blood was collected from individual kittens on days 21 and 42, and feces of each animal were collected on day 42. Compared with the CON group, the L-LF and H-LF groups increased immunoglobulin A levels on day 21 (P < 0.05). The H-LF group showed lower serum IL-6 level on day 21, and both L-LF and H-LF groups reduced IL-1β concentration on day 42 (P < 0.05), in contrast with the CON group. Additionally, serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and zonulin were decreased in the H-LF group relative to the CON group on day 42 (P < 0.05). Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary lactoferrin altered serum metabolite profiles and increased levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate, proline betaine, L-argininium(1+), and carnitine. The L-LF and H-LF groups were enriched in 5 and 6 differential metabolic pathways, respectively. Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples indicated that both the L-LF and H-LF groups had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidota than the CON group (P < 0.05). The H-LF group also increased the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium and Segatella copri in the feces of kittens (P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundance of Escherichia coli in both L-LF and H-LF groups declined compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, KEGG pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism were significantly enriched in kittens fed with lactoferrin.Conclusions: Dietary lactoferrin improved the immune function, strengthened intestinal barrier integrity and remodeled gut microbiota in kittens, highlighting its potential as a functional additive in kitten 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