The identification of metabolites was performed using Chenomx software (Edmonton, Canada), HMDB https://hmdb.ca/.
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -"],"publication":["Stage-specific metabolic responses in blue mussels to marine shipping-related acoustic and chemical stressors revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance."],"nmr_spectroscopy_protocol":["Assay 1 (D-larvae): Bruker Avance II+ 800 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 1.7 mm 'QCI' microcryoprobe and SampleJet autosampler. NOESYPR1D sequence with repetition delays of 5 s, mixing times of 80 ms collected with 512 scans with 64k points over a 12 ppm spectral width. Water suppression was achieved by presaturation during the repetition delay and mixing time.
Assay 2 (post-larvae): Bruker Avance III 600 MHz spectrometer with a room temperature Broad Band Fluorine observe probe. NOESYPR1D sequence with repetition delays of 10 s, mixing times of 50 ms collected with 1024 scans with 64k points over a 12 ppm spectral width. Water suppression was achieved by presaturation during the repetition delay and mixing time.
"],"submitter_name":["Stephane Beauclercq"],"submitter_affiliation":["INRAE, UMR BOA"],"organism_part":["larva"],"technology_type":["NMR spectroscopy assay"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["Freeze-dried larval pools (0.38 ± 0.27 mg D-larvae; 2.97 ± 0.83 mg post-larvae) were homogenized in microtubes using a micropestle. Metabolites were extracted following a modified Folch protocol (Folch et al., 1957) with a methanol/chloroform/water ratio of 2:2:1.4. Sequential additions of methanol/chloroform (2:1), chloroform, and water were performed, each followed by 30 s vortexing and a final 10 min sonication on ice (Branson 2510 sonicator, Branson Ultrasonics, Brookfield, CT, USA). Extracts were centrifuged (10,000 × g, 10 min, 4 °C) to separate polar and lipophilic phases. The extractions were repeated 3 more times and the polar extracts were pooled before solvent evaporation in a SpeedVac (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at room temperature and stored at –80 °C until NMR analysis.
"],"organism":["Mytilus edulis"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS13945"],"author":["Richard Saint-Louis.","Stéphane Beauclercq. Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC, Canada. beauclercq.stephane@uqam.ca.","Dror Warschawski.","Réjean Tremblay.","Isabelle Marcotte. Université du Québec à Montréal. marcotte.isabelle@uqam.ca.","Delphine Veillard.","Frédéric Olivier."],"data_transformation_protocol":["Free induction decays were zero-filled to 128k and multiplied by a 0.3 Hz line broadening factor prior to Fourier transformation.
"],"study_factor":["Noise","Developmental stage","Pollutants"],"submitter_email":["s.beauclercq@gmail.com"],"sample_collection_protocol":["At the end of noise exposure, M. edulis D-larvae or post-larvae were sieved (20 µm or 100 µm mesh), flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze-dried, and stored at −80 °C until metabolomic analysis. Detailed rearing and experimental treatment conditions are reported elsewhere (Veillard et al., 2025a, 2025b, 2025c).
Veillard, D., Beauclercq, S., Bianic, M., Genard, B., St-Louis, R., Chauvaud, L., Marcotte, I., Olivier, F., Tremblay, R., 2025a. Effect of chemical pollution representative of an industrial port on the embryonic success of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis: a metabolomic approach. Can. J. Zool. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2025-0051
Veillard, D., Beauclercq, S., Ghafari, N., Arnold, A., Genard, B., Sleno, L., Olivier, F., Choquet, A., Warschawski, D., Marcotte, I., Tremblay, R., 2025b. Molecular evidence of shipping noise impact on the blue mussel, a key species for the sustainability of coastal marine environments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 759, 35–50. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14830
Veillard, D., Beauclercq, S., Palacios, E., Genard, B., Chauvaud, L., Olivier, F., Marcotte, I., Tremblay, R., 2025c. Metabolomic responses to shipping noise in early life stages of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis. J Exp Biol 228, jeb250386. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250386
"],"nmr_assay_protocol":["Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) at 298 K
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["Embryogenesis","Pollution","Chemical","Mussel","Noise","Mytilus edulis","Bivalvia","untargeted metabolites","1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","metamorphosis"],"curator_keywords":["Embryogenesis","Pollution","Chemical","Mussel","Noise","Mytilus edulis","Bivalvia","untargeted metabolites","1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","metamorphosis"],"nmr_sample_protocol":["Assay 1: D-larvae extracts were reconstituted in 50 µL of NMR buffer (0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, in 99.9% D2O with 0.13 mM 3-(Trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid [TSP]) and transferred to 1.7 mm tubes.
Assay 2: Post-larvae extracts were dissolved in 500 µL of the same buffer and transferred to 5 mm tubes.
"],"metabolite_name":["Glutamic acid","Taurine","D-Glucose","Lactate","Serine","Proline","Citrate","Malonate","Leucine","Creatine","β-Alanine","L-Threonine","Betaine","Dimethyl sulfone","Acetoacetate","Isoleucine","Alanine","Adenosine monophosphate","Phenylalanine","Succinate","Pyroglutamate","Aspartate","Maltose","Phosphocholine","Carnitine","Mytilitol","Lysine","Valine","Choline","Asparagine","Acetylcholine","Hypotaurine","Dimethylglycine","Glutamine"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Stage-specific metabolic responses in blue mussels to marine shipping-related acoustic and chemical stressors revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance","description":"Maritime traffic exposes coastal organisms to both acoustic disturbance and chemical pollution, yet how these stressors affect and interact across early developmental stages remains poorly understood. We investigated stage-specific metabolic responses of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae to shipping-related noise, chemical pollution, and their combination using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics.
Metabolic profiles were analysed in D-larvae and post-larvae exposed to noise or chemical pollution, as well as in post-larvae originating from chemically exposed embryos and subsequently subjected to acoustic stress during metamorphosis. Stress-response axes were characterised using orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis.
During embryogenesis, acoustic and chemical stressors elicited largely overlapping metabolic responses, dominated by modulation of free amino acid pools and nitrogen-related pathways. In contrast, post-larvae showed marked differences between stressors. Acoustic exposure was associated with increased metabolic turnover and mobilisation of energetic substrates, whereas embryonic chemical exposure led to persistent metabolic limitations during metamorphosis, reflected by altered energy balance and membrane-associated metabolites. Under combined exposure, post-larval metabolic profiles closely resembled those induced by chemical stress alone, indicating dominance of chemical-driven effects rather than additive responses.
Together, these results demonstrate that developmental stage strongly conditions metabolic sensitivity to shipping-related stressors and that early chemical exposure can alter metabolic plasticity during later life stages.
","dates":{"publication":"2026-06-15","submission":"2026-02-27"},"accession":"MTBLS13945","cross_references":{"MetaboLights":["MTBLC69061","MTBLC229203","MTBLC15891","MTBLC18132","MTBLC16958","MTBLC57606","MTBLC13705","MTBLC18237","MTBLC28300","MTBLC16449","MTBLC16027","MTBLC15751","MTBLC16264","MTBLC16668","MTBLC9349","MTBLC17287","MTBLC16856","MTBLC22660","MTBLC24996","MTBLC17306","MTBLC4167","MTBLC17750","MTBLC15355","MTBLC32664","MTBLC57926","MTBLC32861","MTBLC25017","MTBLC17822","MTBLC57947","MTBLC29995","MTBLC17724","MTBLC15354","MTBLC31298","MTBLC25094","MTBLC26271","MTBLC17126","MTBLC28044","MTBLC16947","MTBLC30031","MTBLC173941","MTBLC17191"],"ChEBI":["CHEBI:69061","CHEBI:229203","CHEBI:15891","CHEBI:18132","CHEBI:16958","CHEBI:57606","CHEBI:13705","CHEBI:18237","CHEBI:28300","CHEBI:16449","CHEBI:16027","CHEBI:15751","CHEBI:16264","CHEBI:16668","CHEBI:9349","CHEBI:17287","CHEBI:16856","CHEBI:22660","CHEBI:24996","CHEBI:17306","CHEBI:4167","CHEBI:17750","CHEBI:15355","CHEBI:32664","CHEBI:57926","CHEBI:32861","CHEBI:25017","CHEBI:17822","CHEBI:57947","CHEBI:29995","CHEBI:17724","CHEBI:15354","CHEBI:31298","CHEBI:25094","CHEBI:26271","CHEBI:17126","CHEBI:28044","CHEBI:16947","CHEBI:30031","CHEBI:173941","CHEBI:17191"]}}