Differential Metabolites VIP Statistics
The abundance of differential metabolites in the same group was normalized by z-score. And then, the VIP score of OPLS-DA was used to draw the graph. The top 15 metabolites are shown in the variable importance in projection (VIP) score plot in descending order.
Differential Metabolites Correlation Heatmap
Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value were calculated by R function, cor. and cor.test. The closer the correlation coefficient gets to 1, the higher the similarity of metabolic abundance are. Correlations were called significant when p ≤ 0.05. And correlation heatmap was drawn by R corrplot package.
Differential Metabolites Cluster Heatmap
The abundances of differential metabolites were normalized by z-score and hierarchical clustered by R package pheatmap to show the accumulation differences between two groups.
Differential Metabolites Z-score Analysis
Z-score (standard fraction) is based on the relative content conversion of metabolites, which is used to measure the relative content of metabolites at the same level. The calculating formula is as follows:z = (x – μ) / σHere x is the abundance of metabolite, μ is the mean of the abundance of metabolite in every samples, σ is the standard deviation.
Differential Metabolites ROC Analysis
ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis by R pROC package to evaluate the predictive power of each of the discriminant metabolites. The cutpoint was determined for each biomarker by searching for those that yielded both high sensitivity and specificity. ROC curves were then plotted on the basis of the set of optimal sensitivity and specificity values. Area under the curve (AUC) was computed via numerical integration of the ROC curves. The metabolite signature that has the largest area under the ROC curve was identified as having the strongest predictive power for discriminating two groups. The ROC curve was analyzed using R package pROC according to the significant different metabolites between two groups.
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - hilic","Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilic"],"chromatography_protocol":["Sample separation was performed on an Agilent 1290 Infinity LC ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system equipped with a HILIC column. The column temperature was maintained at 25 degrees Celsius, with a flow rate of 0.5 mL per minute and an injection volume of 2 microliters. The mobile phase consisted of solvent A (water supplemented with 25 mM ammonium acetate and 25 mM ammonia) and solvent B (acetonitrile). The gradient elution program was set as follows: 0–0.5 min, 95% B; 0.5–7 min, linear decrease from 95% to 65% B; 7–8 min, linear decrease from 65% to 40% B; 8–9 min, hold at 40% B; 9–9.1 min, linear increase from 40% to 95% B; 9.1–12 min, hold at 95% B. All samples were maintained at 4 degrees Celsius in the autosampler throughout the analysis. To minimize the impact of signal drift, samples were analyzed in a randomized order. Quality control (QC) samples were inserted into the sample queue to monitor and evaluate system stability and the reliability of the experimental data.
"],"publication":["Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals molecular responses to ammonia stress in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei under low-salinity conditions."],"submitter_affiliation":["Dalian Ocean University"],"submitter_name":["Yutong Zhao"],"organism_part":["gill"],"technology_type":["mass spectrometry assay"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["Metabolite extraction was performed following a modified cold methanol precipitation method optimized for aquatic animal tissues.
Sample Thawing and Homogenization: Frozen gill tissue samples were slowly thawed at 4 degrees Celsius. An appropriate amount of tissue was weighed and transferred to a pre-chilled centrifuge tube, followed by the addition of a pre-cooled extraction solvent (methanol/acetonitrile/water, 2:2:1, volume/volume).
Extraction and Precipitation: The mixture was vigorously vortexed to ensure complete homogenization. Samples were then subjected to low-temperature ultrasonication for 30 minutes (maintained on ice to prevent metabolite degradation), followed by incubation at -20 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes to facilitate protein precipitation.
Centrifugation and Drying: After incubation, the samples were centrifuged at 14000 × g for 20 minutes at 4 degrees Celsius. The resulting supernatant was carefully collected to avoid pellet contamination and subsequently dried completely using a vacuum concentrator.
Reconstitution for Analysis: Prior to LC-MS analysis, the dried metabolite extracts were reconstituted in 100 μL of acetonitrile/water (1:1, volume/volume). The reconstituted samples were vortexed thoroughly and centrifuged again at 14000 × g for 15 minutes at 4 degrees Celsius to remove any insoluble particulates. The final supernatant was transferred to LC-MS vials for instrumental analysis.
Quality Control (QC) Samples: Quality control (QC) samples were prepared by pooling equal volumes from all individual test samples. These QC samples were injected at the beginning of the sequence to equilibrate the LC-MS system and assess instrument performance. Regular injection of QC samples throughout the analytical run was used to monitor and evaluate the overall stability and reproducibility of the entire experimental process.
"],"organism":["Penaeus vannamei"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS14054"],"author":["Cao Yucheng. South China Sea Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences.. Xingangxi Road 231, Guangzhou 510300, China. cyc_715@163.com.","Zhao Yutong. Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 83 Dadui Village, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. yuton2025@163.com."],"data_transformation_protocol":["Raw data were converted to .mzML format using ProteoWizard, followed by peak alignment, retention time correction and peak area extraction using the XCMS program with the following parameters: for peak picking, centWave m/z = 10 ppm, peakwidth = c(10, 60), prefilter = c(10, 100); for peak grouping, bw = 5, mzwid = 0.025, minfrac = 0.5. The data extracted by XCMS were first checked for integrity, metabolites with missing values exceeding 50% within groups were removed and excluded from subsequent analysis, missing values were subjected to KNN imputation, outliers were removed, and finally total peak area normalization was performed to ensure comparability between samples and metabolites.
"],"study_factor":["Ammonia nitrogen stress","Timepoint"],"submitter_email":["yuton2025@163.com"],"sample_collection_protocol":["Experimental Shrimp: The experimental Litopenaeus vannamei were sourced from the Shenzhen Experimental Base, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Prior to formal experimentation, the shrimp were acclimated for seven days in indoor rearing tanks (dimensions: 5.2 m × 3 m × 1 m). During this adaptation period, the shrimp exhibited stable feeding behavior. During the pre-culture period, water quality parameters were maintained at the following levels: temperature 30±0.2 degrees Celsius, pH 7.2–7.3, salinity 27±1 part per thousand, dissolved oxygen concentration ≥ 19.24 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration ≤ 0.03 mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen concentration ≤ 0.08 mg/L.
Low-Salinity Acclimation and Stabilization:In the initial desalination stage, salinity was decreased by 5 per mille daily, starting from an initial seawater salinity of 25 plus or minus 0.1 per mille. In the later desalination stage, to avoid excessive stress and stress-induced mass mortality in Litopenaeus vannamei, the salinity reduction rate was adjusted to 2 per mille, with salinity ultimately stabilizing at 5 plus or minus 0.1 per mille. Subsequently, the shrimp were acclimated for seven days in 5 per mille salinity water, during which they exhibited stable feeding behavior. For water exchange, drainage pumps and siphon water exchange pipes were used for operation.
Acute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress:In this study, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was used and dissolved in aquaculture water to simulate a high-concentration ammonia nitrogen stress environment. Based on preliminary experimental results and statistical analysis performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, 42.32 mg/L NH4Cl was identified as the 96h median lethal concentration (LC50), which was selected as the optimal concentration for acute ammonia nitrogen stress treatment.Low-salinity-acclimated Litopenaeus vannamei (body length: 14 plus or minus 0.5 cm; body weight: 15 plus or minus 0.5 g, and healthy individuals with intact appendages, no visible disease) were randomly divided into two groups: the ammonia nitrogen stress group and the control group. Specifically, six parallel experimental subgroups were established based on the LC50, whereas three parallel blank control subgroups were set up, with 30 shrimp allocated to each subgroup. Feeding was suspended throughout the stress period, and the shrimp were continuously exposed to the ammonia nitrogen stress condition for 96h.Tank specifications were as follows: diameter 100 cm × height 85 cm, with a total capacity of 500 L. Each tank was filled with 200L of 5 per mille salinity aquaculture water and continuously aerated for 24h to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen levels. On the following day, the pre-calculated amount of ammonium chloride was added to each experimental tank and vigorously mixed to ensure homogeneity. Subsequently, 100 mL water samples were collected from each tank, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was determined in accordance with the national standard method (GB 17378.4-2007), to verify that the actual concentration was within the preset range. Initial water quality parameters of each tank were measured and recorded as follows: salinity 5 plus or minus 0.1 per mille, dissolved oxygen greater than 5 mg/L, pH 7.7 plus or minus 0.1, nitrite nitrogen concentration less than or equal to 0.03 mg/L, water temperature 29 plus or minus 0.5 degrees Celsius, and ambient air temperature 30 plus or minus 0.2 degrees Celsius. Water quality parameters were measured at 0, 48, and 96h during the stress period, with mortality checked every 3h.
During the formal ammonia nitrogen stress experiment, surviving shrimp were sampled at 12, 48, and 96 hours post-stress. After excluding shrimp with mortality or abnormal behavior during the experiment, six shrimp were randomly selected from each experimental group and the control group (CK), respectively. Gill tissues of the selected shrimp were dissected using sterile dissecting instruments, immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored for molecular analysis.
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["water salinity","Transcriptome","Penaeus vannamei","ammonia","untargeted metabolite profiling"],"curator_keywords":["water salinity","Transcriptome","Penaeus vannamei","ammonia","untargeted metabolite profiling"],"mass_spectrometry_protocol":["Mass spectrometry data were acquired using an AB Triple TOF 6600 mass spectrometer for both full-scan MS and MS/MS spectra. The ESI source parameters after UHPLC separation were set as follows: nebulizer gas (Gas1): 60, auxiliary heating gas (Gas2): 60, curtain gas (CUR): 30 psi, ion source temperature: 600 degrees Celsius, ion spray voltage (ISVF): ±5500 V in both positive and negative ion modes; the mass range was 60–1000 Da for full-scan MS and 25–1000 Da for MS/MS, with accumulation times of 0.20 seconds per spectra and 0.05 seconds per spectra for full-scan MS and MS/MS, respectively. MS/MS data were acquired in information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode with peak intensity-based screening, declustering potential (DP): ±60 V in both positive and negative ion modes, and collision energy (CE): 35±15 eV. IDA parameters were set as dynamic exclusion of isotopic ions within 4 Da and acquisition of 10 fragment spectra per scan.
"],"metabolite_name":["L-NG-Monomethylarginine","Prostaglandin G2","3-Cysteinylacetaminophen","Beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme a lithium salt","Corilagin","(2-{[3-hydroxy-2-tetradecanamidooctadec-4-en-1-yl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium","1-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl hexopyranoside","Piceatannol","Ginsenoside Rg3 (R-form)","Cefuroxime","DHBOA-Glc","Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone human","Syringaresinol","Ergonovine","Ketoleucine","Reserpine","Cefaclor",".beta.-Tocotrienol","5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid","4-Hexylresorcinol","8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine","Valdecoxib","cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid","1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate","Capric acid","Hypericin","12-Oxoleukotriene B4","Dl-cystathionine","N-[3-hydroxy-1-{[3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide","Suramin","Thymidine 5'-triphosphate","Allo-3.alpha.-tetrahydrocortisol","Prostaglandin E1","Prostaglandin E3","Tetrahydrofolate","3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid","Phomopsin A","(2r)-2-hydroxybut-3-enylglucosinolate","Demethoxycurcumin","Frangulin A","Mevalonic acid","Silybin","Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate","[3-[octadec-11-enoyloxy]-2-(octadecanoyloxy)propoxy]phosphonic acid","Glutathione","Cinnabarinic acid","Roquefortine c","4-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid","Fexofenadine","Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid","Allopregnanolone","Hexylglutathione","Cephradine","Avenacoside A","N-Acetylneuraminic acid","Etodolac","Gln-Pro","3,4,2',4',6'-Pentahydroxychalcone","Ursocholic acid","Erucic acid","(-)-.alpha.-Kainic acid","Xanthurenic acid","Shikimic acid","Saquinavir","Saccharin","Pipemidic acid","G0F","Phthalic acid","1,2-disinapoyl diglucoside","Prostaglandin D1","DL-Leu-DL-Val","Prostaglandin D3","3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole","Bosutinib","Harpagide","L-threonate","Digitoxin","5.alpha.-Androstan-17.beta.-ol-3-one sulfate","Thymidine 5'-diphosphate","Androsterone glucuronide","[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate","Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate (pap)","Dantrolene","Trandolapril","D-ornithine","Cytidine 5'-diphosphate ethanolamine","Ascorbyl stearate","N,n-dimethylguanosine","[(1as,1bs,5s,5as,6s)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1b,5,5a,6a-tetrahydro-1ah-oxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,3-d]pyran-5-yl] 3-methylbutanoate","Melphalan",".alpha.,.alpha.'-Trehalose 6-phosphate","Leupeptin","5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid","(E)-N-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide","Valylphenylalanine","Gdp-l-fucose","Gln-Tyr","2-Oxohexanedioic acid","Estrone sulfate","Etoposide","Uric acid","Linoleic acid","Piceid","3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid","Oct-1-en-3-yl 6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranoside",".alpha.-Hydroxybutyric acid","Candesartan","Tetradecanedioic acid","Aripiprazole","Hydroxysebacic acid","Erythritol","D-tryptophan","Proguanil","1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N,N-dimethyl","N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine","Trans-dehydroandrosterone","5(S),14(R)-Lipoxin B4","Natamycin","1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine","1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","19,20-Dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoic acid","Phosphatidylcholine 18:0-16:0","Telmisartan","Lysine","1-O-(3-((2-O-Hexopyranosylpentopyranosyl)oxy)-16-hydroxy-28-oxoolean-12-en-28-yl)-6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranose",".alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-Trifluorothymidine","Lupulone","Eicosenoic acid","Bimatoprost","D-Arabinose","1-Arachidoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","Trehalose","2,3-Dihydroxypropyl dihydrogen phosphate","Rosuvastatin","Prenyl glucoside","5-Amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid","Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid","7-Hydroxyamoxapine","Coproporphyrin iii","N,N',N''-Triacetylchitotriose","Enterostatin human","Feruloyl hexoside (isomer of 847)","D-Galacturonic acid","2',5'-Dihydroxychalcone","Adapalene","N-.alpha.-Acetyl-L-arginine","n-Propyl gallate","Retinol","3,7,12-Trihydroxycholan-24-oic acid (stereoisomer unknown)","Pitavastatin","3-O-Feruloylquinic acid","Etidronic acid","Cytidine 5'-diphosphate","Novobiocin","Hydroxyisocaproic acid","N-acetylputrescine","D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphate","Glucobrassicanapin","Glycocholic acid","Ranolazine","Ganciclovir","Bosentan","Acetyl-L-threonine","Stachyose","(2-aminoethoxy)[2-[docosa-4.7.10.13.16.19-hexaenoyloxy]-3-[hexadec-1-en-1-yloxy]propoxy]phosphinic acid","Warfarin","Sennoside A","Chloramphenicol","Rapamycin","Oxyacanthine","Dehydroascorbic acid","Salviaflaside","1,4-butynediol","Deoxythymidine 5'-phosphate (dTMP)","2',4,4'-Trihydroxychalcone","Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate","Goldinodox","Asparasaponin I","Entecavir","Adenylosuccinic acid","Roxithromycin","Vardenafil","Taurochenodeoxycholate","D-proline","Thyrotropin releasing hormone","Chlorpropamide","D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate","1-Myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","Nabilone","His-ser","Phosphatidylserine","Ginsenoside rf","Ginsenoside re","4-Androsten-17.beta.-ol-3-one glucosiduronate","Prostaglandin J2","Cholecalciferol","Thymine","Dobutamine","2-Acetamidooctanoic acid","1-Methyluric acid","Ofloxacin","Oleanolic acid base + o-hexa-hex","1-Methyladenosine","N-Acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate","D-Ribose","Trolox","Bilobol","Fosinopril","rac-N,N-Didesmethyl-O-desmethylvenlafaxine glucuronide","Rufloxacin","Taurine","Pimecrolimus","((6-O-Hexopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy)(phenyl)acetonitrile","Arachidic acid","Probucol","Gln-Gln","Soyasapogenol b base + o-hexa-hex","Maclurin","D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone","Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate","20-hydroxy- Leukotriene B4 (20-OH-LTB4)","Eprosartan","Felodipine","[8]-Gingerol","5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid","9-Hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid","Cetirizine","Hematoporphyrin","Fonsecin","Salicin","L-Hydroxyarginine","3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid","Topiramate","Undecanoic acid","11-Dehydrothromboxane B2","Cassythicine","L-Cysteine-glutathione disulfide","Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid","Leflunomide","Alternariol","Rebaudioside B","Rebaudioside C","Oleoyl-coa","Dinor-12-oxophytodienoic acid","Inosine 5'-monophosphate","Secoisolariciresinol","Olopatadine","Neohesperidose","Phenylalanine","Menaquinone 4","Pantothenate","Cyclohexanesulfamic acid","Cefamandole","N-(Dodecanoyl)-1-.beta.-glucosyl-sphing-4-enine","Rebaudioside e","D-Glucosamine, 6-sulfate","L-Cysteinesulfinic acid","Uracil","Domoic acid","Trp-Trp","Azithromycin","L-Kynurenine","7-Keto-3.alpha.,12-.alpha.-dihydroxycholanic acid","Cassiaside C","Dihydrojasmonic acid","D-Glucose 6-phosphate","L-homocysteic acid","L-Cystine","Furostane base -2h + 1o, o-hex, o-pen-dhex","Rosmic acid","Guanidinosuccinic acid","Slca - sulfolithocholic acid","Erythromycin","2'-deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt","N2-(1-Oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-L-glutamine","Deferasirox","Malate","2-amino-3-({hydroxy[2-(icosanoyloxy)-3-(octadecanoyloxy)propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)propanoic acid","Oleoside 11-methyl ester","Carvedilol","4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid","Adenosine 5'-triphosphate","Beclomethasone dipropionate","15-Deoxy-.DELTA.12,14-prostaglandin J2","Adipic acid","1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate","Trp-Phe","2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate (dGDP)","p-Toluenesulfonic acid","Adenosine 5'-diphosphate","2-Oxooctanoic acid","21-Deoxycortisol","Kobusone","Lomefloxacin","Cysteic acid","Folate","Rescinnamine","Val-Val","Ganolucidic acid d","trans-cinnamate","Homocarnosine","1-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine","(5-Benzoyloxy-1,2,6-trihydroxycyclohex-3-en-1-yl)methyl benzoate","Indinavir","Vaccinoside","4-Hydroxytamoxifen","Dicloxacillin","2-Phenylethyl 6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranoside","Pyruvate","Sinalbin","Neotame","Celloheptaose","Cinchonidine","(.+,-.)-Laurotetanine","Heptadecanoic acid","Citraconic acid","Di-p-coumaroylputrescine","Doxycycline","Repaglinide","Rifaximin","Tuberonic acid glucoside",".beta.-hydroxypropionic acid","Glutamine","N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate","Caproic acid","Palmitic acid","D-Maltose","(4R,9.beta.,16.alpha.,23E)-16,20,25-Trihydroxy-9,10,14-trimethyl-1,11,22-trioxo-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5,23-trien-2-yl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside","D-(+)-Mannose","Histidine","16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid","(2R)-7-Methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside","D-aspartic acid","2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate","Damp","17-Phenyltrinorprostaglandin D2","20-HETE","[6]-Shogaol","Quinaprilat","L-Citrulline","Esculin","Nervonic acid",".alpha.-Solanine","Isoroquefortine C","PyroGlu-Val","Rutamarin","4-Imidazoleacrylic acid","Ne-acetyllysine","Gatifloxacin","trans-Traumatic acid","Okadaic acid","N-Glycolylneuraminic acid","Dl-lactate","Propofol .beta.-D-glucuronide",".beta.-Estradiol 3-sulfate","Sulpiride","9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone","Mycophenolate Mofetil","Medicagenic acid base + o-hex","Thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp)","Anacardic acid diene","Hydroxyphenyllactic acid","Alanine",".beta.-D-Glucose","Codeine-6-.beta.-D-glucuronide","Cilostazol","Xanthine","Ethyl laurate","(2-aminoethoxy)[3-[hexadec-1-en-1-yloxy]-2-[hexadec-9-enoyloxy]propoxy]phosphinic acid","7-Ethyl-10-(4-N-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino)carbonyloxycamptothecin","N-acetyl-d-mannosamine","Asparagine","D-(+)-Arabitol","Trandolaprilat","26-Desglucoavenacoside A","Glu-Lys","2-Oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine","Aldosterone","Prostaglandin F3.alpha.","Hdmboa + o-hex","Glucotropaeolin","1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone","His-Cys","1,5-Anhydro-D-sorbitol","D-Saccharic acid","(R)-Pantetheine","N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine","Indoxyl sulfate","4-Hydroxyalprazolam","2-Furoic acid","Cytidine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate","Phosphorylcholine","Undecanedioic acid","Trp-Cys","Irbesartan","Udp-beta-l-rhamnose","Dihydroisoferulic acid","N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine","D-arabitol","Gln-Phe","17-Phenyltrinorprostaglandin E2","10-Hendecenoic acid","Thromboxane B2","Leucine","7-methylxanthine","Cis-9-palmitoleic acid","4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid","5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine","Mithramycin A","Benzyl glucosinolate","Dihydrothymine","Cephalexin","Urocanate","Prostaglandin F2.beta.","Lacto-N-triaose","Uroporphyrin i","Blasticidin s","Phospho(enol)pyruvic acid","2-aminoadipic acid","D-erythro-Imidazolylglycerol phosphate","Dethiobiotin","Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate","2-Linoleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","Nortrachelogenin","Linolenic acid","2-Docosahexaenoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine","Picraquassioside A","Taurolithocholic acid sulfate","3'-Hydroxyrepaglinide","Carminic acid","1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","sn-Glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine","Ramipril","Ketoprofen .beta.-D-glucuronide","Soyasapogenol b base + o-hexa-pen","3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid","Ile-Lys","Octanoic acid","Salicylic acid .beta.-D-O-glucuronide","Oxyresveratrol","rac-2-Despiperidyl-2-aminorepaglinide","Deoxyinosine","1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","3-Mercapto-2-oxopropionic acid","Cortisol 21-sulfate","Mangostine","Resveratrol 4'-O-D-glucuronide","2',6'-Dihydroxy 4,4'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone","Nitecapone","Biotin","Uroporphyrin III","Paxilline","all-trans-4-Ketoretinoic acid","Mesaconic acid","alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)","Neochlorogenic acid","L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine","5S-Hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid","Inosine 5'-diphosphate","1-O-Cinnamoylglucose","L-methionine","Glycine","Ginkgolide a","Phenylethyl glucosinolate","(3E)-4-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-yl hexopyranoside","Oleic acid","N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid","2'-O-Methyladenosine","Benzoic acid, 4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)amino]carbonyl]-","Ginkgolide C","Isorosmanol","Moupinamide","Miglitol","4-[1-[4-[2-(Methylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol","Pseudouridine","(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2s,3r,4r,6ar,6bs,8as,12as,14br)-4-carboxy-8a-[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid","Ginkgolide B","4-Pyridoxic acid","Blood Group A Trisaccharide","Asp-Lys","Guanosine","N-Acetyl-L-methionine","Citrate","Efavirenz","Ketoprofen","Prostaglandin F1.alpha.","L-Glutathione, reduced","Urobilinogen","2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid","1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid","Ibuprofen .beta.-D-glucuronide","Glycyrrhizic acid","Soyasapogenol b base + o-hexa-pen-dhex","D-Pinitol","3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate","Hexadecanedioic acid","Dasatinib","Coproporphyrin I","p-Acetamidophenyl .beta.-D-glucuronide","Estriol 16.alpha.-(.beta.-D-glucuronide)","Morphine N-oxide","Fumonisin B1","(2-aminoethoxy)[3-[hexadec-1-en-1-yloxy]-2-(hexadecanoyloxy)propoxy]phosphinic acid","Hexose + c13h21o2","L-Thyronine","5S-Hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid","2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate","14,15-Epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid","(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2s,3r,4r,6ar,6bs,8as,12as,14br)-4-formyl-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-8a-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid","Enterodiol","D-Gluconic acid","Isogentisin","(6E)-8-Methyl-6-nonenoic acid","Juglone","3-Hydroxymyristic acid","Dulcitol","Isoxanthopterin","Tartrate","8S-Hydroxy-5Z,9E,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid","Fumonisin A1","2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid","Galloyl glucose","Thiamine","(.+,-.)-Mahanine","Udp-d-glucose","Dolasetron","Safflor yellow A","Alpha-ketoglutarate","D-(+)-Ribonic acid .gamma.-lactone","Homogentisic acid","Rutarin","Glu-Trp","S-Carboxymethyl-L-cysteine","Hydroxysuberic acid","Thelephoric acid","Glucoiberin","D-lactose","Propentofylline","12(13)-Epoxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid","Sucrose","D-Ribulose 5-phosphate","Longatin","Uridine-5'-diphospho-n-acetylgalactosamine","Ophthalmate","1-Myristoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","2-{2-[4-({[(Cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)phenyl]ethyl}-7-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline","Taurocholic acid","4-7-Cholecystokinin-7 (swine)","2-Isopropylmalic acid","Lopinavir","Norfloxacin","cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid","DL-Indole-3-lactic acid","Cinnavalininate","Iodipamide",".alpha.-D-Galactose 1-phosphate","D-erythrose 4-phosphate","1-Behenoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","Valsartan",".beta.-Glycerophosphate","Suberic acid","Galactonic acid","Oxaprozin","Olmesartan medoxomil","Ginsenoside Rg3","Retinene","Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid","Coniferin","Acamprosate","Piperolactam A","Lewis A trisaccharide","D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid","Pimelic acid","Trans-zeatin-riboside","Emodin","Cefazolin","D-Turanose","Valine","Leu-Trp","Dihydrolipoate (dihydrolipoic acid)","1,2,6-Trigalloylglucose","N-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)glycine","3,8-Dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid","(.+,-.)-11-Nor-.DELTA.9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid","Guanosine diphosphate mannose","Ginsenoside rh1","Bilirubin","9,10-Dihydrojasmonic acid","Glu-Asp","Nicotinamide ribotide","Orotate","Ferulic acid dilactone","Tenofovir","5-Fluorouridine","16.alpha.-Hydroxyestrone","Myristoyl-coenzyme a","2,3-diphosphoglycerate","Tomatine","Mitoxantrone","Jasmonic acid","Phenylethyl 2-glucoside","6-Acetylmorphine","Ginsenoside rg2","D-(+)-Galactose","Enrofloxacin","Cytidine","Glucoerucin","Perfluorooctylsulfonic acid","Dtdp-d-glucose","Atorvastatin","(5e)-4,9-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3,10-dimethylidene-4,7,8,9,11,11a-hexahydro-3ah-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one","1,2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate","Morphine-3-glucuronide","Suxibuzone","But-3-enylglucosinolate","Cholesterol 3-sulfate","2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(.beta.-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman","Dodecanoic acid","3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid","5-Hydroxyrosiglitazone","Uridine 5'-diphosphate","Phenethyl rutinoside","Sulindac","(E)-1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one","Glutathione, oxidized","Iloprost","L-pyroglutamic acid","4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid","Traumatic Acid","Glycochenodeoxycholic acid","Valproic acid .beta.-D-glucuronide","Clofarabine","1h-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1-one, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-7-oxo-, (e)-","Guanosine 5'-monophosphate","1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","Vincristine","Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid","Sulfocholic acid","Quinate","Butylated hydroxytoluene","Rosiglitazone","(S)-2-Ureidopentanedioic acid","D-Fructose","Allantoin","Dihydrofolic acid","Rosmarinate","7-o-methylrosmanol","1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid","Enalapril","L-Saccharopine","Atropine","DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid","1-Hexadecyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","Rhynchophylline","DL-Malic acid","Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine","Thiamine monophosphate","4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid","Gly-Leu",".gamma.-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine","Muramic acid","Porphobilinogen","Oleuropein","Gemfibrozil","O-Phospho-L-threonine","2'-deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate","L-.gamma.-Glutamyl-L-glutamic acid","Brinzolamide","Lactulose","Ricinoleic acid","PC(16:0,16:0)","Citrinin","D-Mannose","Acetyl-.beta.-alanine","Daunorubicin","Lincomycin","Beta-hydroxybutyrate","Zoledronic acid","L-Gulono-1,4-lactone","(-)-farrerol","Pentadecanoic acid","Glu-Gln","Phloracetophenone","Coenzyme q2","Diaminopimelic acid","L-fucose-1-phosphate","Capsianoside II","Dihydrozeatin","Capsianoside C","1,4-D-Xylobiose","Glucose-6-phosphate","N-acetylneuraminate","Estrone glucuronide","5-Hydroxydiclofenac","Fumarate","L-Homocitrulline","gamma-Glutamyl-L-methionine","Indolelactic acid","Acetol","Ribulose 5-phosphate","Taurocholate","Maltotetraose","Mesoporphyrin IX","Trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose","Xanthotoxol","Fluvastatin","Solasodine base + 2h, o-hex-hex-hex-pen","1,2-Didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","Formoterol","Lewis X trisaccharide","Soyasapogenol e base + o-hexa-hex-dhex","Emtricitabine","1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate","N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester","2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate","5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin","3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid","2-Benzyl-4-(octahydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid","(+)-Ritodrine","Thymidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate","Myristic acid","Sepiapterin","1-(9z,12z,15z-octadecatrienoyl)-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","5-Sulfosalicylic acid","Cladribine","Indomethacin","Phenyllactic acid","Furostane base -2h + o-hex, o-hex-dhex-dhex","Kanokoside A","4'-Hydroxydiclofenac","Hippuric acid","Nevirapine","Kanokoside D","4'-Hydroxychalcone","Saluamine","(S)-2-Hydroxyglutarate","Erioglaucine","Cytarabine",".alpha.,.beta.-Trehalose","Jasmonate","Shikonin","Enofloxacin","Resveratrol","scyllo-Inositol","Oxazepam glucuronide","8-(3-Octyl-2-oxiranyl)octanoic acid","Nateglinide","Nicotinate d-ribonucleotide","Phenyl glucuronide","Glutaconic acid","5-trans-Prostaglandin D2","Chlorogenic acid","Gln-Lys","N-Acetylglucosaminylasparagine","1-Oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","1-Stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine(LPC(18:0))","(R)-Prunasin","Enalaprilat","Inosine","Lactupicrin","Purine","Didanosine","DL-tyrosine","Quinacrine","1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone","Gartanin","1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methyl","LNH","Ouabain","Dopamine 4-.beta.-D-glucuronide","Cysteine-s-sulfate","Pregnenolone","2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-monophosphate","Voacamine","LNT","Benzoylecgonine","Melibiose","1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","Anserine","Methotrexate","Pantethine","D-gluconate","Alliin","3'-Fucosyllactose","Geniposidic acid","Nonanoic acid","Maltotriose","Arbutin","Soyasapogenol b base + o-hexa-hex-pen, o-c6h7o3(ddmp)","Dihydrouracil","2-Chloro-5-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-((thiophen-2-ylmethyl)amino)benzenesulfonamide","Methyldopa","Beta-d-fructose 6-phosphate","5,10-methylene-thf","Tigecycline","D-Arabinonic acid","1,2-Dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","Gambogic acid","Oxytetracycline","Anacardic acid","S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine","5-hepe","Mocimycin","Pc 28:0","3-phospho-d-glycerate","Cer[ns] d42:1",".beta.-Estradiol 3,17-disulfate","Dodecanedioic acid","Isomaltose","S-Adenosylmethionine","N-Methyl-D-glucamine","Deoxyguanosine","Geranyl pyrophosphate","1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine","1-Pentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","D-mannose-6-phosphate","5'-Carboxymeloxicam","Ezetimibe","Prostaglandin F2.alpha.","Glu-Thr","Pantetheine","2,4-dinitrotoluene","Colocynthin","D-Mannitol 1-phosphate","Valganciclovir","Androsterone sulfate","5S,12R-Dihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z-eicosatetraene-1,20-dioic acid","Ltc4-[d5]","Digalacturonic acid","1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","4-O-D-Glucopyranosyl-p-coumaric acid","2,6-Diaminopimelic acid","(2-aminoethoxy)[2-[hexadec-9-enoyloxy]-3-[octadeca-1.11-dien-1-yloxy]propoxy]phosphinic acid","Noroxymorphone","Protoporphyrin ix","5'-Deoxyadenosine","1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate","Phe-Phe","Ginsenoside A2","Pterine","15-Ketoprostaglandin F2.alpha.","D-Glucuronolactone","5,6-Epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid","Raffinose","Tridecanoic acid (Tridecylic acid)","Blood Group A Tetrasaccharide","Gluconapin","Azelaic acid","Carboxyphosphamide","L-Carnosine","Girinimbine","Chrysophanol","Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate","DL-serine","2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate","Vindesine","Celecoxib","Deoxycholic acid","Deoxycytidine","1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine","Asiaticoside"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals molecular responses to ammonia stress in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei under low-salinity conditions","description":"High ammonia nitrogen stress significantly compromises the survival of Litopenaeus vannamei under low-salinity conditions, posing a common challenge in low-salinity aquaculture. However, existing studies predominantly focus on ammonia nitrogen responses under single stressors or normal seawater salinity. The molecular regulatory mechanisms, metabolic remodeling patterns, and key pathway interactions in shrimp subjected to high ammonia-nitrogen stress under low-salinity environment remain unclear. In this study, we adopted the transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis to unveil the underlying molecular responses and metabolic biomarkers in the gills of L. vannamei to ammonia stress under low salinity condition. First, L. vannamei underwent low-salinity acclimation from 30ppt to 5ppt salinity and was then temporarily reared for one week to acclimatize to the experimental environment. Subsequently, shrimp were treated with 42.32 mg/L ammonia nitrogen for a consecutive 96h period. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidated the stress response patterns in the gills of L. vannamei under low-salinity ammonia nitrogen exposure. Specifically, 352, 802, and 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12h, 48h, and 96h post-exposure, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the significant DEGs were primarily enriched in six pathways: autophagy, immune-related pathway, ABC transporter, fatty acid degradation and metabolism, metabolic pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. Metabolomic profiling identified numerous differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in both positive and negative ion modes, with significantly altered DAMs mainly consisting of organic acids and their derivatives, phospholipids, and other related metabolites. Key DAMs included taurine, guanosine, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, pseudouridine, and betaine. Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed that L. vannamei mediates stress responses by modulating five core pathways under low-salinity/high-ammonia-nitrogen dual stress: fatty acid degradation and metabolism (e.g., acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain (Acads), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2)), autophagy (e.g., autophagy-related protein 101-like (atg101)), immune regulation pathway (e.g., V-type proton ATPase subunit H-like, (VhaSFD), actin-5C-like (Act5C)), metabolic pathway (e.g., molybdopterin synthase catalytic subunit-like (Mocs2B), cytochrome P450 2U1-like (Cyp2b1)), and ABC transporter (e.g., ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 3-like (ABCD3), ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 10 (ABCB10)). Through characterization of these core pathways, this study reveals the fundamental mechanisms by which L. vannamei responds to high ammonia nitrogen stress following low-salinity acclimation, providing a theoretical foundation for estuarine shrimp farming.
","dates":{"publication":"2026-04-10","submission":"2026-03-15"},"accession":"MTBLS14054","cross_references":{"HMDB":["HMDB0030180","HMDB0014432","HMDB0029936","HMDB0000216","HMDB0030622","HMDB0000244","HMDB0042020","HMDB0035919","HMDB0031059","HMDB0032033","HMDB0031422","HMDB0002577","HMDB0002513","HMDB0001161","HMDB0001231","HMDB0001432","HMDB0002586","HMDB0014398","HMDB0002117","HMDB0002013","HMDB0000476","HMDB0030174","HMDB0031791","HMDB0039292","HMDB0000217","HMDB0000112","HMDB0003073","HMDB0004827","HMDB0009705","HMDB0008206","HMDB0007900","HMDB0008443","HMDB0000564","HMDB0093027","HMDB0009059","HMDB0007218","HMDB0008002","HMDB0010566","HMDB0008889","HMDB0007866","HMDB0062690","HMDB0030093","HMDB0002322","HMDB0010407","HMDB0011262","HMDB0011253","HMDB0005779","HMDB0013122","HMDB0036458","HMDB0003752","HMDB0035359","HMDB0008727","HMDB0012108","HMDB0062325","HMDB0015022","HMDB0010405","HMDB0000001","HMDB0003282","HMDB0010738","HMDB0010379","HMDB0061854","HMDB0034868","HMDB0062195","HMDB0011149","HMDB0011144","HMDB0008097","HMDB0007991","HMDB0007973","HMDB0007965","HMDB0008927","HMDB0010382","HMDB0032619","HMDB0008057","HMDB0007179","HMDB0010384","HMDB0012380","HMDB0008993","HMDB0006485","HMDB0002314","HMDB0013633","HMDB0005089","HMDB0003876","HMDB0001320","HMDB0013621","HMDB0010212","HMDB0014495","HMDB0015694","HMDB0062222","HMDB0003955","HMDB0060089","HMDB0000101","HMDB0000014","HMDB0000085","HMDB0000960","HMDB0000071","HMDB0000905","HMDB0001508","HMDB0013751","HMDB0013692","HMDB0060362","HMDB0031043","HMDB0000922","HMDB0001934","HMDB0032609","HMDB0029410","HMDB0001065","HMDB0001514","HMDB0034267","HMDB0060374","HMDB0000224","HMDB0009003","HMDB0004666","HMDB0013657","HMDB0059709","HMDB0000338","HMDB0040911","HMDB0007972","HMDB0010163","HMDB0011533","HMDB0034699","HMDB0038922","HMDB0034202","HMDB0011749","HMDB0001509","HMDB0003247","HMDB0006756","HMDB0004026","HMDB0006247","HMDB0006581","HMDB0014511","HMDB0012154","HMDB0001032","HMDB0059873","HMDB0062735","HMDB0000732","HMDB0000734","HMDB0060524","HMDB0011600","HMDB0000552","HMDB0061058","HMDB0004634","HMDB0003464","HMDB0011718","HMDB0000549","HMDB0013856","HMDB0004284","HMDB0060989","HMDB0013848","HMDB0012329","HMDB0015344","HMDB0034179","HMDB0003681","HMDB0001173","HMDB0000600","HMDB0000469","HMDB0062179","HMDB0003192","HMDB0001517","HMDB0001149","HMDB0012176","HMDB0003355","HMDB0000352","HMDB0003818","HMDB0015063","HMDB0029188","HMDB0000079","HMDB0002894","HMDB0000884","HMDB0014480","HMDB0014844","HMDB0000280","HMDB0010359","HMDB0003759","HMDB0005972","HMDB0039066","HMDB0006584","HMDB0029892","HMDB0004081","HMDB0002886","HMDB0015094","HMDB0002275","HMDB0001107","HMDB0003956","HMDB0062738","HMDB0004669","HMDB0002369","HMDB0060045","HMDB0001067","HMDB0014429","HMDB0000060","HMDB0001206","HMDB0000201","HMDB0015105","HMDB0000034","HMDB0000050","HMDB0011616","HMDB0000045","HMDB0001003","HMDB0002086","HMDB0001178","HMDB0006772","HMDB0006552","HMDB0036561","HMDB0015495","HMDB0000303","HMDB0015670","HMDB0014940","HMDB0037324","HMDB0001209","HMDB0030583","HMDB0034227","HMDB0015004","HMDB0015493","HMDB0015160","HMDB0005018","HMDB0015440","HMDB0015193","HMDB0014819","HMDB0014559","HMDB0014839","HMDB0035030","HMDB0004484","HMDB0000493","HMDB0030837","HMDB0001036","HMDB0126599","HMDB0015049","HMDB0003012","HMDB0033776","HMDB0014811","HMDB0005096","HMDB0034535","HMDB0030177","HMDB0014423","HMDB0000517","HMDB0000052","HMDB0001894","HMDB0015205","HMDB0036562","HMDB0030004","HMDB0031140","HMDB0031048","HMDB0015107","HMDB0015194","HMDB0060442","HMDB0013609","HMDB0014682","HMDB0003119","HMDB0003409","HMDB0000043","HMDB0001252","HMDB0029412","HMDB0015260","HMDB0032229","HMDB0001008","HMDB0000633","HMDB0004818","HMDB0040270","HMDB0038196","HMDB0060665","HMDB0015057","HMDB0014382","HMDB0014386","HMDB0014393","HMDB0004627","HMDB0029561","HMDB0015233","HMDB0062769","HMDB0002227","HMDB0015328","HMDB0029415","HMDB0014539","HMDB0030658","HMDB0000062","HMDB0002121","HMDB0014662","HMDB0015424","HMDB0030829","HMDB0015168","HMDB0002375","HMDB0003556","HMDB0014436","HMDB0014618","HMDB0015229","HMDB0015016","HMDB0015369","HMDB0014455","HMDB0000918","HMDB0000619","HMDB0000097","HMDB0015535","HMDB0014708","HMDB0014965","HMDB0035158","HMDB0014909","HMDB0014507","HMDB0015043","HMDB0004995","HMDB0015466","HMDB0029488","HMDB0240213","HMDB0000063","HMDB0002802","HMDB0000562","HMDB0010720","HMDB0034927","HMDB0034695","HMDB0015060","HMDB0015114","HMDB0036423","HMDB0000078","HMDB0011691","HMDB0000095","HMDB0000630","HMDB0000845","HMDB0000975","HMDB0003581","HMDB0001109","HMDB0001254","HMDB0000596","HMDB0000805","HMDB0001644","HMDB0000269","HMDB0001383","HMDB0006234","HMDB0142894","HMDB0004825","HMDB0060262","HMDB0013240","HMDB0000162","HMDB0000167","HMDB0002835","HMDB0014395","HMDB0015211","HMDB0062631","HMDB0040811","HMDB0006831","HMDB0014884","HMDB0061024","HMDB0060576","HMDB0014449","HMDB0014687","HMDB0015364","HMDB0004231","HMDB0001920","HMDB0032943","HMDB0014668","HMDB0015275","HMDB00147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