Data were analyzed using the Box–Behnken design in Design-Expert.
"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - hilic","Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilic"],"chromatography_protocol":["The chromatographic separation was performed on an HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 µm). The sample injection volume was 2 μL. The mobile phase consisted of solvent A (95% water, 5% acetonitrile, and 0.1% formic acid) and solvent B (47.5% acetonitrile, 47.5% isopropanol, 5% water, and 0.1% formic acid). The gradient elution program was set as follows: 0–3.5 min, 24.5% B at 0.4 mL/min; 3.5–5 min, 65% B at 0.4 mL/min; 5–5.5 min, 100% B at 0.4 mL/min; 5.5–7.4 min, 100% B with flow rate increased linearly from 0.4 mL/min to 0.6 mL/min; 7.4–7.6 min, 51.5% B at 0.6 mL/min; 7.6–7.8 min, 0% B with flow rate decreased linearly from 0.6 mL/min to 0.5 mL/min; 7.8–9 min, 0% B with flow rate decreased linearly from 0.5 mL/min to 0.4 mL/min; 9–10 min, 0% B at 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 40 °C
"],"publication":["Synergistic Antibacterial Effects and Metabolomic Insights in Cyperus esculentus L. Leaf-Stem Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus."],"submitter_name":["Duo Keai"],"submitter_affiliation":["Peking University"],"organism_part":["plant extract"],"technology_type":["mass spectrometry assay"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["0.5 g of powdered tuber sample of Cyperus esculentus L. (placed in a 2 mL centrifuge tube) Add one grinding bead (6 mm in diameter) Prepare methanol-water extract (4:1, v/v) containing L-2-chlorophenylalanine as the internal standard at a concentration of 0.02 mg/mL Add 400 μL of the extract Grind the sample solution (using a frozen tissue grinder at -10 , 50 Hz, 6 min) Perform low-temperature ultrasonic extraction (5 , 40 kHz, 30 min) Freeze storage (-20 , 30 min) Centrifuge at 13,000×g for 15 min Sample injection Instrumental analysis
"],"organism":["Diomentin","Naringenin","Silibinin A","Acacetin","Cyperus esculentus L."],"data_transformation_protocol":["Data were analyzed using the Box–Behnken design in Design-Expert.
"],"study_factor":["Group"],"submitter_email":["keaiduoduo998@126.com"],"metabolights_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS14216"],"sample_collection_protocol":["After removing dirt and air-drying, the tubers and stems/leaves of Cyperus esculentus L. were separately pulverized with a blender for 10 minutes until they became flour-like powders.
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["Metabolomics","Naringenin","untargeted analysis","Acacetin","Natural antibacterial agen","Metabolite analysis","Agilent 1290 Infinity LC","Diomentin","Flavonoids","Silibinin A","plant extract","AB SCIEX TripleTOF 6600","Staphylococcus aureus","Cyperus esculentus L."],"curator_keywords":["Metabolomics","Naringenin","untargeted analysis","Acacetin","Natural antibacterial agen","Metabolite analysis","Agilent 1290 Infinity LC","Diomentin","Flavonoids","Silibinin A","plant extract","AB SCIEX TripleTOF 6600","Cyperus esculentus L.","Staphylococcus aureus"],"mass_spectrometry_protocol":["A positive and negative ion scanning mode was employed for mass spectrometry analysis of Cyperus esculentus L. (tigernut) plant samples. The ion spray voltage was set at 3500 V for positive mode and 3500 V for negative mode. The mass scan range was m/z 70–1050. The sheath gas pressure was 50 psi, the auxiliary gas pressure was 13 psi, and the auxiliary gas heater temperature was 325 °C. A stepped normalized collision energy of 20–40–60 V was applied. The resolution was 60,000 for MS1 and 7500 for MS2.
"],"metabolite_name":["Diosmetin","Naringenin","Acacetin"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Synergistic Antibacterial Effects and Metabolomic Insights in Cyperus esculentus L. Leaf-Stem Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus","description":"The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates sustainable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics, driving interest in plant-derived compounds for livestock feed. Cyperus esculentus L. (tiger nut) exhibits promising antibacterial properties, yet gaps persist in understanding its specific bioactive components, synergistic mechanisms, and metabolic impact on bacterial pathogens. This study employed metabolomic profiling combined with bioassays to evaluate the efficacy of tuber, stem/leaf, and composite extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods included Kirby-Bauer assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), growth curve analysis, response surface optimization, and wide-targeted metabolomics. Key findings revealed: (1) Stem/leaf extracts outperformed tuber extracts in antibacterial activity, with their combination yielding synergistic effects; (2) Flavonoids (naringenin, acacetin, diosmetin, silybin A) demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition, disrupting cell wall/membrane integrity via SEM-confirmed morphological damage; (3) Optimal synergistic mix (2.84 μg/mL naringenin, 2.68 μg/mL acacetin, 3.04 μg/mL diosmetin, 3.08 μg/mL silybin A) achieved potent suppression across bacterial growth phases; (4) Metabolomic perturbations implicated sulfur metabolism, oxidative stress responses, and lipid remodeling in antibiosis. This work uniquely establishes C. esculentus stem/leaf extracts as high-value, resource-efficient antibiotic alternatives for animal feed, leveraging synergistic phytochemistry and mechanistic insights to combat antimicrobial resistance.","dates":{"publication":"2026-04-03","submission":"2026-04-03"},"accession":"MTBLS14216","cross_references":{"HMDB":["HMDB0030583","HMDB0035022","HMDB001128","HMDB0029676"]}}