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raw data were processed with Compound Discoverer 3.3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) for peak alignment and extraction based on retention time and accurate mass.</p>MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase<p>The column temperature was maintained at 35 °C. The mobile phase consisted of (A) acetonitrile and (B) 0.1% formic acid in water, with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The gradient elution program was as follows: 5%–55% A (0–2 min), 55%–95% A (2–10 min), 95% A (10–15 min), 95%–5% A (15–15.5 min), and 5% A (15.5–20 min). The injection volume was 8 μL. Mass spectrometry detection conditions were consistent with those described for the identification of GHWKCs components</p>Ganhai Weikang Capsules Improve Functional Dyspepsia in Rats by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism.Duo KeaiPeking Universityduodenummass spectrometry assay<p>FD rats’ duodenum tissues were homogenized on dry ice. A 50 mg portion of the powdered tissue was weighed and homogenized in a 3-fold volume of normal saline for 2 minutes. Subsequently, a 3-fold volume of acetonitrile was added, followed by another 2 minutes of homogenization. The resulting homogenate was sonicated for 10 minutes and then centrifuged at 12,000 × rpm for 15 minutes at 4 °C. The supernatant was collected for analysis. For quality control (QC), supernatants from different duodenum samples were pooled to create a QC sample.</p>Rattus norvegicushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS14314Xiaolu Wei. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. xlwei@icmm.ac.cn.Yan Rong. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. 381727873@qq.com.<p>Full-scan data were acquired using Xcalibur 3.0 software.</p>Groupkeaiduoduo998@126.com<p>After the final administration, rats in each group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 1% sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, and then the duodenum tissues were quickly excised and stored in a -80°C freezer for further use.</p>MetabolomicsMetabolomicspooled quality control sample50-1500untargeted analysisRattus norvegicusThermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap VelosThermo Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC systemLCMSduodenumuntargeted metabolite profilingMetabolomicspooled quality control sample50-1500untargeted analysisRattus norvegicusThermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap VelosThermo Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC systemLCMSduodenumuntargeted metabolite profiling<p>The LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro was coupled to an UHPLC system for mass Spectrometric through an ESI source and operated in both positive and negative ion modes simultaneously. Instrumental parameters were: sheath gas 40 mL/min, auxiliary gas 10 mL/min, capillary temperature 350, and ESI voltage ±3.5 kV, the resolution was 30,000, and the MS2 experiments were collected in data-dependent mode.</p>falseGanhai Weikang Capsules Improve Functional Dyspepsia in Rats by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Host MetabolismThe chemical constituents of GHWKCs were identified using UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, and untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the duodenum of the model rats.2026-07-162026-04-18MTBLS14314