MetaboLightsapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/m_MTBLS14953_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/m_MTBLS14953_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/a_MTBLS14953_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/s_MTBLS14953.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/a_MTBLS14953_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/QC3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/QC5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/DCM3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/Control1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/DCM4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/Control3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/Control5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/DCM3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/QC2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/Control2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/Control6.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/DCM2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/DCM2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/QC4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/QC1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/Control4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/QC3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/QC5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/DCM1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/QC1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/DCM6.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/DCM5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/Control5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/Control3.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/DCM1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/DCM6.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/QC2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/Control6.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/QC4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/DCM4.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/DCM5.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/Control1.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/NEG/Control2.rawftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953/FILES/RAW_FILES/POS/Control4.rawprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS14953<p>Metabolite annotation was performed by matching the accurate mass-to-charge ratio values of detected ion features against online databases, including KEGG and HMDB. A metabolite was annotated when the mass difference between the observed value and the database value was less than 10 ppm. Molecular formulas were further evaluated and validated using isotopic distribution information. An in-house fragment spectrum library was also used to validate metabolite identification.</p><p><br></p><p>For MS1-level annotation, adducts considered in positive ion mode included [2M+H]+, [M+H]+, [M+K]+, [M+Na]+, and [M+NH4]+. Adducts considered in negative ion mode included [M-H]−, [M+Cl]−, [2M-H]−, [M+CHO2]−, and [M+C2H3O2]−. The MS1 mass tolerance was 10 ppm. For MS2 identification, the MS1 and MS2 mass tolerances were both set to 20 ppm, and the identification score cutoff was 70%. Databases used for MS2 identification included an in-house database and commonly used open-source databases.</p>MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase<p>Chromatographic separation was performed using a Thermo Vanquish Flex UPLC system. An ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, Waters) was used for separation. The mobile phase consisted of solvent A, 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 5 mmol/L acetic acid in water, and solvent B, acetonitrile.</p><p><br></p><p>The gradient elution program was as follows: 0–0.8 min, 2%–70% B; 0.8–2.8 min, 70%–90% B; 2.8–5.3 min, 90%–99% B; 5.3–5.9 min, 99% B; 5.9–7.5 min, 99%–2% B; 7.5–7.6 min, 2% B; and 7.6–10.0 min, 2% B. The flow rate was 0.35 mL/min. The injection volume was 4 μL. The column temperature was maintained at 40°C.</p>Gut Microbiota-Derived Indole-3-Propionic Acid Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics via the AhR/Nrf2 Pathway.JD Zhouningbo universityblood serummass spectrometry assay<p>Serum samples were thawed at 4°C. A total of 100 μL of serum sample was mixed with 400 μL of ice-cold methanol. The mixture was incubated at −20°C for 30 min to precipitate proteins and then centrifuged at 20,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a fresh vial for UPLC-HRMS analysis.</p><p><br></p><p>Quality control samples were prepared by mixing equal aliquots of the supernatants from all serum samples. These pooled QC samples were used to monitor the stability and reproducibility of the LC-MS analysis.</p>Mus musculushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS14953Jiedong Zhou. Ningbo University. 2401140180@nbu.edu.cn.<p>Raw LC-MS data files were converted into mzXML format and processed using XCMS, CAMERA, and metaX implemented in R. The data preprocessing steps included peak picking, peak grouping, retention time correction, secondary peak grouping, isotope annotation, and adduct annotation. Each ion feature was characterized using retention time and m/z information. Peak intensities were recorded to generate a three-dimensional data matrix containing peak indices, sample names, and ion intensity values.</p><p><br></p><p>The metabolomics data were further processed using R. Features with more than 80% missing values in samples or more than 50% missing values in quality control samples were filtered out. Missing values were imputed using the K-nearest neighbor method, and data normalization was performed using probabilistic quotient normalization. Principal component analysis and differential metabolite analysis were performed using metaX. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed using ropls, and variable importance in projection values were calculated.</p>Addition amount of magnesium potassium sulfate2401140180@nbu.edu.cn<p>Mouse serum samples were collected at the end of the intervention. Mice in the control group were fed a standard chow diet without additional treatment. To establish the diabetic cardiomyopathy model, mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ; Sigma-Aldrich, 50 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days. One week after the final STZ injection, mice with blood glucose levels greater than 16.7 mmol/L were considered to have successfully developed a diabetic model. Thereafter, mice in the diabetic cardiomyopathy group continued to receive the high-fat diet and were administered PBS by oral gavage as vehicle treatment until week 16 of the experiment.</p><p><br></p><p>After the intervention, mice were anesthetized and terminal blood collection was performed. Whole blood samples were allowed to stand and then centrifuged at 1,500 g for 10 min at 4°C to separate serum. The serum supernatant was carefully collected to avoid hemolysis, aliquoted into sterile EP tubes, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles were avoided. All serum samples were immediately frozen and stored at −80°C, and then transported to the mass spectrometry company on dry ice.</p>Metabolomicspooled quality control sampleMetabolomicsLC-MSMus musculusuntargeted analysisblood serumDiabetic cardiomyopathySerumQ Exactive Plus, Thermo Fisher ScientificThermo Vanquish Flex UPLC systemexperimental samplepooled quality control sampleMetabolomicsLC-MSMus musculusuntargeted analysisblood serumDiabetic cardiomyopathySerumQ Exactive Plus, Thermo Fisher ScientificThermo Vanquish Flex UPLC systemexperimental sample<p>Metabolites were detected using a high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer Q Exactive Plus (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Each serum sample was analyzed in both positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. The ESI source temperature was 350°C. The spray voltage was +3.8 kV in positive ion mode and −3.4 kV in negative ion mode. Sweep gas, auxiliary gas, and sheath gas were set to 0 Arb, 15 Arb, and 50 Arb, respectively.</p><p><br></p><p>Mass spectrometric data were acquired using full scan and data-dependent acquisition modes. In one acquisition cycle, the full scan range was 70–1050 Da, with a resolution of 70,000, an AGC target of 3E6, and a maximum injection time of 100 ms. The top 5 ions with signal intensity greater than 100,000 were selected for MS/MS acquisition. The MS/MS resolution was 17,500, the maximum injection time was 50 ms, and the dynamic exclusion time was set to 6 s.</p>Tricyclohumuladiol2-Hydroxydodecyl methacrylateSibopirdineChloroacetone2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinoneRibocicliball-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acidHydroquinone sulfateButyl 2-methylbutanoateDiethyl decanedioateDacarbazineN1,N12-DiacetylspermineOctadeca-2,4-dienoic acid(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-YL)methyl dihydrogen phosphateHeptanoic acidAltretamine(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acidKetoleucineN-Phenyl-1-naphthylamineHexanoylglycineCis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid12-HEPEMusanolone CNipecotic acidGlutarylglycineN2-Methyl-L-arginineCapric acidisocaproylglycineHydroxypyruvic acidDimethindene2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfateOctadecanedioic acidSyringic acid1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acidMethoxyacetaldehydeL-Proline, 1-(2-methyl-3-(methylthio)-1-oxopropyl)-, (S)-EberconazoleN,N-Diisopropyl-N'-isoamyl-N'-diethylaminoethylurea7-Octadecynoic acidCapryloylglycine5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acidN2-Acetylornithinetrans-Nicotine-1'-oxideDesipramine3-Hydroxypyridine sulfate1-Methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-5-olMetapramine5-(3E-Pentenyl)tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acidLysoPE(P-16:0/0:0)(1R,3S,5Z)-5-[(2Z)-2-[(1R,3Ar,7aS)-1-[(2S)-1-[3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol9-HpodeUreidopropionic acidBudipineTibric acidcis-3-Hexenyl lactate(1S,2S,4S,5R)-1,8-Epoxy-p-menthane-2,5-diolPalmitelaidic acidGlutaric acidm-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP)IsoalantolactoneTrihomomethionine12,13-DHOMEexo,exo-1,8-Epoxy-p-menthane-2,6-diolMetaldehydeDimethyl tetrasulfidePseudouridine4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenolN,N'-DibenzylethylenediamineTriclosanDimetacrine(±)-3-Hydroxynonanoic acid4-Pyridoxic acid[3-[(2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]-4H-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-ylidene]azanide3alpha,12beta-Dihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-oic AcidD-Glucurono-6,3-lactone3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine(15alpha,20R)-15,20-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-oneDodecyl benzenesulfonateGlyceraldehydePumiliotoxin APristanic acidDiphenyl sulfone(+)-SetoclavineAllyl chlorideErucic acidGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate1-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine1-HydroxyanthraquinoneMacaridine3-Oxocholic acid4-methoxy-3-(sulfooxy)benzoic acidLysoPC(14:1(9Z)/0:0)1-Isopropyl-6-methylergoline-8-carboxylic acidKetotifenAcetylglycineThermophillin(1R,4R,5S,9R,10S,13R)-5,9-Dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid(1S,4S,9R,10S,13R,14R)-5,5,9,14-Tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-6-ene2,3,4-Trichlorophenol1-Chlorobutanecis-2,3-DimethylthiiraneIndole-3-acetylglycineN-methylhydroxyprolinetetrahydropyridoindoleLactaldehydeHexadecanedioic acidPhthalic acid(8betaOH,10beta)-8-Hydroxy-3-oxo-7(11)-eremophilen-12,8-olide1,4-Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acidBisbyninGlycylglycylglycineVulgarolePI(18:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))2,4-Di-tert-butylphenolAprindine4-HydroxyquinolineSulfamethazineDecadienyl-l-carnitine17-HDoHEN-ButyrylglycineUridineChenodeoxycholic acid1,3-DioxolaneIsocurcumenol3-hydroxydecanoyl carnitine5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazoleSterculic acidAsp-Gly-Lys(R)-5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)chroman-4-oneProlineN-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamineTris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphatealpha-Peroxyachifolide3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acidTridecanoic acidTigloidineMarimastatOctyl butanoateThiopental2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 5-sulfateDecanalButyl levulinateDihydroferulic acidN-DodecylsarcosinateDihydrodioscorine5-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one1,2-DichloroethaneNomifensine2-Ethylhexyl acrylate3,7-Dihydroxycholan-24-oic acidN-MethyltryptaminePhthalimideNitrendipineDihydroresveratrolN-Acetyl-L-glutamic acidEthylene carbonate(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diolAniracetamUric acidDL-NorvalineGuanidoacetic acidLinoleic acid15,16-DiHODEPeracetic acid5-ethyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione4-O-Methylgallic acidThyronamineValyltyrosine3-Hydroxybutyric acidPC(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))(4-((5,6-Diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino)butoxy)acetic acidBenzoic acidAscorbic acid3-Hydroxycapric acid(R)-Dihydromaleimide5Z-Dodecenoic acidAcoric acid1,1,1-Trifluoroheptadecan-2-one(4R,5S,7R,11R)-11,12-Dihydroxy-1(10)-spirovetiven-2-oneTraumatic acid2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholineTetradecanedioic acidDocosahexaenoic acidN-MethylphthalimideMomelotinibNorizalpininErythritol2-ButenoylglycineTriclofos2,3-dihydroxyisovaleric acidEcabetPG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))Tri-P-cresyl phosphateTaurocholic acidEmeriamineDropropizine2-Isopropylmalic acidTerephthalic acid13-HODEIsodeoxycholic acidPhenazopyridineTrimetazidinecis-3-Hexenyl tiglate3-Hydroxypropanal2-Methyl-5-vinylpyrazineN,N,O-TridesmethyltramadolHydroxyoctanoic acid2-(Diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate(1R,2R,3S,1'R)-Nepetalinic acidTrehaloseCyclocalopin FPheniramineCyclocalopin EEpoxycampholenic aldehydeSuberic acidNatsudaidainAstemizoleAminomalonic acid4-NitrophenolHydroxyacetone2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acidMianserinurapidil2-Chlorobenzoic acidD-GalactoseTetrahydrozolineKessyl glycolPhenyl phosphonothioateIsoleucyl-Asparagine(1R,2R,4R)-1,8-Epoxy-p-menthane-2,4-diolDL-NorleucineUridine 5'-monophosphateDiacetylCitric acidPolyethylene, oxidized5-Aminopentanoic acidThiosulfate12-KETEIcos-2-enoic acid2-Benzyl-4-chlorophenolMethacrylic AcidTetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5n-6)5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindaneDaidzein 4'-sulfateHydroxyisocaproic acidOctylphenol7,8-Dihydro-3-methylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2(6H)-oneLevonorgestrelN-(6-Chloro-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-8-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamideGlycocholic acidItaconic acid4-Octylphenol2,3-Bis(3-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol4-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcoholGlucose 6-phosphateTetraglymeMyristicinPhosphatidylinositol(36:4)2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinoneHeneicosapentaenoic acidStearic acid1-Octen-3-yl primeverosideJasmonic acidp-FluorofentanylDibutyl adipate1H-Imidazole-1-acetic acidCinnamoylglycine(2S)-6-Oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid1,1-Dichloroethane1-Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid10-(Phosphonooxy)decyl methacrylateAcetyl vitamin K5HydroquinoneTriphenylmethaneN-Methylserotonin6-Amino-4-(4-phenoxyphenylethylamino)quinazolineOctahydrohyperforinOctoxynol-1Guanidinopropionic acidHeptyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acidglycodeoxycholate sulfate3-Hydroxyisovaleric acidDimethylbenzimidazole3-[(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)thio]-L-alanineDodecanoic acidSulfamideTrimecaineMaleamic Acid2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)Allopurinol ribosideDehydrochorismic acid5-hydroxy saxagliptin3',4'-Di-O-methylquercetin4-CarboxypyrazoleTetracosatetraenoic acid (24:4n-6)N,N'-Diphenylmethylenediamine(4E,7E,10Z,13E,16E,19E)-Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol(S)-Abscisic acidBlumenol C glucosidePantoic acid3a,6b,7b-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid2,9-Dimethyl-2,9-diazatricyclo[10.2.2.25,8]octadeca-5,7,12,14,15,17-hexaene-3,10-diol, 9CI2-Carboxy-5,7-dimethyl-4-octanolidePelargonic acid15(16)-EpODE2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolineHyodeoxycholic acidFasudil3-Hydroxy-2-octanoneTetracosapentenoic acidO,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioateN-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-morpholine N-oxide2-Anthraquinonesulfonic acidSulfateKetanserinTaurine16-HDoHEAllantoinEmbelinp-Cresol sulfateArachidic acidPaullinic acid3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpropanoic acid3-Hydroxysuberic acidProcainamide 4-hydroxylamine1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acidTetrahydroaldosteronePhygrine12(13)Ep-9-KODE3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acidAjmalineXylometazoline(2S)-6-Hydroxy-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl]-3,4-dihydrochromene-5-carbaldehydePC(17:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)TrimethadioneDocosatrienoic acidTetradecylthioacetic acid5alpha-Androstenone3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol O-sulfatealpha-Ketoisovaleric acid3- Acetylphenol sulfateDiethyl succinateAlanylglycineNe,Ne dimethyllysineChloropreneEstazolamGemfibrozilDicyclohexylcarbodiimideSalicylanilide7-MethylguanosineAldophosphamide3-Hydroxydodecanoic acidButenylcarnitineUndecanoic acidLysoPA(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)Acetylhydrazine1,4-Butanediphosphonic acidEletriptanMethoxsalenPyruvic acidCuscohygrineVanillin 4-sulfatePrilocaine2-[(1r,3s)-3-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenolArlatin4-Methylcatechol 1-sulfate4-Vinylphenol sulfateEicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid3-Hydroxyvaleric acid4-Amino-1,2,4-triazoleFeprazoneQuinaldic acidDoxylamine1,2 Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine12-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)ureido)dodecanoic acid4-EthylphenylsulfatePhosphate4-Methyl-2-pentyl-1,3-dioxolaneGlycolic acidSolanolone4-ThiocyanatophenolPC(P-16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))3-MethylcrotonylglycineTakinibProquazone7-MethylhypoxanthineTert-butyl formateCyclizine10Z-Nonadecenoic acidPentadecanoic acid1-MethylhypoxanthineAtipamezoleDiaminopimelic acidCurcumol2-[(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-[(2S)-2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]amino]acetic acidDeoxyuridinePiperonyl butoxideIsoleucyl-AlaninePirlindoleN-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-L-homoserine lactoneClomifene2-Amino-4-methylpyridine3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine6-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,5-hexadien-2-oneEicosadienoic acidNaphazolineIndole-3-propionic acidPhenol sulphateD-Lactaldehyde2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acidTazolol2-Amino-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]butanoic acid5-((6-((Aminomethyl)amino)-1-oxohexyl)amino)pentanoic acidPC(36:6)5,6-Dihydro-5-fluorouracil1-[(2R,3S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dioneUracilEicosapentaenoic acidCorynanthine20-Hydroxy-6Z,15Z-eicosadienoic acid3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid5-Hydroxy-3,3',7,8-tetramethoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyflavoneIndolelactic acid2-Methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol4-Nitrobenzoic acidXanthotoxolTriethylene glycol monobutyl etherCaprylic acidsphingosylphosphorylcholinegamma-Diosphenolcis-MevinphosCholesterol sulfateN-NitrosoanatabineGlucosereductoneBehenic acidIndoleacrylic acidPalmitoyl glucuronidesyringol sulfate3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acidLysoPE(0:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))IsoplumbaginD-Leucic acidGallic acidTrimipramine12-Methyltridecanoic acid2-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexanoneMethylphosphonic acidOxalic acidMyristic acid3,4-Dihydro-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-olBrassinolideSuccinic acidNonoxinolBergaptolAnnuionone APhenyllactic acidNicotine-1'-N-oxide2,4-DinitrophenolAdipic acident-7alpha,12beta-Dihydroxy-16-kauren-19,6beta-olideTetrahydrofurfuryl butyrateAdrenic acid2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid(±)-Camphoric acidN-Acetyl-DL-phenylalanineHippuric acidalpha-Linolenic acidAcrylic acidPimonidazolePivagabineMG(15:0/0:0/0:0)17-Methyloctadecanoic acid2-MethylbenzaldehydeLysoPA(0:0/16:0)Goshuyic acidBis(2-propylheptyl) phthalatep-Coumaric acid sulfate4,7,10,13-Hexadecatetraenoic acidQuinolinic acid3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienoic acidPhensuximide3-[3-(Sulfooxy)phenyl]propanoic acidCibulinsm-Methylhippuric acidCycluronxi-2,5-Dihydro-2,4-dimethylthiazole2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione2-Methylhippuric acidAcetoinPalmitic acid alkyneThiramThreonic acidDimethoxycarbeneOxoadipic acidIsobutyric acid2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane)(2R)-2-{[(9Z)-Hexadec-9-enoyl]oxy}-3-hydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphatePalmitoleic acidHeptadecanoic acidCitraconic acid(S)-3-Octanol glucosideRizatriptanDidanosineSporolVitacoxibSulfolithocholylglycineTripelennamineGlutamineBlood platelet activating factor-acethercis-3-Hexenyl acetatePhenylacetic acid(Z)-1-[4-(4-Diethylaminobutoxy)phenyl]-1,2-diphenyl-2-chloro-ethyleneDihydroxyacetone phosphateTebufelonePyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acidArachidonic acidPalmitic acid(1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7Ar)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-1-hydroperoxy-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acidPhosphonoacetateRogletimideEthyl dodecanoateN-alpha-Acetyl-L-lysine(±)-trans-Linalyl oxideO-MethylisoureaPhenyl dihydrogen phosphate2-AminopyridineNervonic acidFlibanserin4-Hydroxybenzoic acidbeta-propiolactoneN-HydroxysuccinimideCadabicilone(S)-14-Methylhexadecanoic acidMalondialdehydeDodecyl methacrylateAbametapirSebacic acidGlycidolTriprolidine2-Hydroxystearic acid13-HOTE1-(2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanedioneErgothioneineHomovanillic acid sulfateTryptophanamideDicarbineMaslinic acid1,2,4,5,7,8-Hexathionane11-(3-Pentyloxiran-2-yl)undec-9-enoic acid2-Hydroxyvaleric acidOctadeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acidEthionamideZoxazolamineAcetylenedicarboxylic acidMepanipyrimN-NitrosodimethylamineExametazimeAminooxyacetic acidPicolinic acidPhthalazineSuccinic acid semialdehydemyo-InositolEcdysoneLeucylleucine methyl esterN-Phenylpropionamide4',7-Di-O-methylcatechin3'-Hydroxy-3,4,5,4'-tetramethoxystilbeneIsopalmitic acidHydroxyphenyllactic acid(-)-2-DifluoromethylornithineTricyclodehydroisohumuloneDodecanedioic acidEthyl formatePandamarilactam 3xXanthinePactimibeDi-alpha-furfuryl ether19,20-DiHDPAAzatadineAllixinVorinostatN-Acetyl-L-alanineDimethylarginine2-(5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-N-(pyridin-4-yl)pteridin-4-amineIndalpine(2S)-5-(Diaminomethylideneamino)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoic aciddesmethylcyclobenzaprineAvasimibexi-2,3-Dihydro-2-oxo-1H-indole-3-acetic acid(±)-RollipyrrolePhenyl acetatePropenoylcarnitineThymidineAldosterone4-(2-Aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acidUrsodeoxycholic acidDesloratadineIsocaproic acid2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidPantetheinePexacerfontTiglylglycine6-Oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid(E)-8-(3,4-Dimethoxystyryl)-7-methyl-1,3-dipropylxanthineEpiacorone4-Methyl-2-(1-phenylethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 9CIMalic acid2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolaneDrostanolone12,13-EpOMELysoPE(16:0/0:0)Gluconic acidPI(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0)ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acidValganciclovir12-HETEIndoxyl sulfateGalactaric acidN-PropionylmethionineUndecanedioic acid(12R)-12-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid15-MethylpalmitateL-Aspartic acidProcaineMethyl acetateOxypurinolPyruvaldehyde12-Hydroxystearic acidButyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoateIsovalerylglycineN-Methylcalystegine B213-HydroxymarasmeneMethionine sulfoxide4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acidLeucineCitramalic acidTaurodeoxycholic acidDihomo-gamma-linolenic acid3-Oxotetradecanoic acidMethylpyrogallol sulfate 3Azelaic acid9,10-Epoxystearic acidDihomo-alpha-linolenic acid5-Pyridoxolactone3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthinealpha-D-GlucosePerillic acid2-Hydroxymyristic acidSalicyluric acidBergaptenIsocolumbin2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid9-beta-d-ArabinofuranosylguanineDeoxycholic acid5Z-Tetradecenoic acidMethylureaxi-10-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid2-Methylpropyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoatePiperidine, 1-(4-(1-methyl-1-(4-methylcyclohexyl)ethoxy)phenyl)-, cis-MestranolfalseGut Microbiota-Derived Indole-3-Propionic Acid Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics via the AhR/Nrf2 PathwayThis study investigated serum metabolic alterations in a mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy and evaluated the protective role of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid. Serum samples from mice were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. The study focused on the relationship between indole-3-propionic acid, cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The results indicate that indole-3-propionic acid may ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating AhR/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling and restoring mitochondrial fission/fusion 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