MetaboLightsapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/m_MTBLS15011_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/m_MTBLS15011_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/a_MTBLS15011_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/s_MTBLS15011.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/a_MTBLS15011_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HFAR5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HF5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HF5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HFAR2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/QC1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HF2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/QC1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/C2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/C5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/C4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HF3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HFAR6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/C2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HFAR5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HFAR1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HFAR6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HF1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/C3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HF2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HFAR4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/C6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/C3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HF4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/QC2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HF1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/QC2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HF6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/C1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HFAR1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HF6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HF3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/C4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HFAR2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/C6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/C5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HFAR4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HF4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/HFAR3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/HFAR3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/QC3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/C1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/QC3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/mgf/MWY252504a_mix02_P.mgfftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/mgf/MWY252504a_mix02_N.mgfftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/POS/mgf/MWY252504a_mix01_P.mgfftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/NEG/mgf/MWY252504a_mix01_N.mgfprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15011<p>Features (peaks) with a missing rate &gt;50% across all sample groups were filtered out. Remaining missing values were imputed using a two-step method: if the proportion of missing values for a feature was &gt;50%, values were filled with 1/5 of the minimum positive value; otherwise, k-nearest neighbors (KNN) imputation was applied. Peak areas were then corrected using Support Vector Regression (SVR). Metabolite identification was performed by matching the corrected features against a combination of an in-house laboratory database, integrated public databases, and predictive libraries.</p>MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase<p>The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC system equipped with an ACQUITY Premier HSS T3 column (1.8 µm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm; Waters, USA). The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The gradient elution program was set as follows: 0–1.0 min, 95% A; 1.0–3.0 min, 80% A to 1% A; 3.0–4.5 min, held at 1% A; 4.5–4.6 min, changed to 95% A; and 4.6–6.0 min, held at 95% A for column re-equilibration. The column temperature was maintained at 40°C, the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min, and the injection volume was 4 µL.</p>The Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Liver Metabolomics in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.Yefan WangShanxi Universitylivermass spectrometry assay<p>For mouse liver tissue samples, a standardized solvent extraction protocol was employed. Briefly, frozen liver tissues stored at -80°C were thawed on ice and weighed. A 50 mg portion of each tissue sample was transferred to a pre-labeled tube containing ceramic beads, followed by the addition of 300 µL of ice-cold 20% acetonitrile in methanol containing internal standards. The tissues were homogenized using a bead beater at 60 Hz for 3 minutes and then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant (200 µL) was carefully transferred to a new tube, held at -20°C for 30 minutes, and centrifuged again at 12,000 rpm for 3 minutes at 4°C to remove residual precipitates. Finally, 180 µL of the clarified supernatant was transferred to an autosampler vial for LC-MS analysis. Quality control (QC) samples were prepared by pooling equal aliquots from all individual samples and were processed identically alongside the experimental samples throughout the entire extraction procedure.</p>Mus musculushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS15011Lijun Wu. Shanxi University. Wlj666888@126.com.Yefan Wang. Shanxi University. 1321274002@qq.com.<p>Raw mass spectrometry data were converted from vendor format to mzML format using ProteoWizard software. Subsequent data processing, including peak picking, alignment, and retention time correction, was performed using the XCMS program.</p>Group1321274002@qq.com<p>Liver tissues were harvested from male C57BL/6 mice and immediately placed in pre-cold saline to remove residual blood. After weighing, the tissues were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80°C until metabolomic analysis. For supernatant preparation, frozen liver tissues were thawed on ice, homogenized in pre-chilled physiological saline (or metabolite extraction solvent) using a tissue grinder, and centrifuged at 12,000-15,000*g for 10-15 min at 4°C. The resulting supernatant was carefully collected, aliquoted into sterile tubes, and stored at 80°C until further analysis.</p>MetabolomicsMouse liver tissueMetabolomicsMus musculusliveruntargeted analysisliver metabolomicsThermo Scientific Q Exactive HF-Xhigh-fat dietcombined exerciseobesityWaters ACQUITY UPLCMouse liver tissueMetabolomicsMus musculusliveruntargeted analysisliver metabolomicsThermo Scientific Q Exactive HF-Xhigh-fat dietcombined exerciseobesityWaters ACQUITY UPLC<p>Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on a Q Exactive HF-X hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Data were acquired in both positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) ionization modes. The detailed operating parameters were set as follows: spray voltage, 3500 V for ESI+ and 3200 V for ESI-; sheath gas flow rate, 30 arbitrary units (Arb); auxiliary gas flow rate, 5 Arb; ion transfer tube temperature, 320 °C; vaporizer temperature, 300 °C. Full MS scans were acquired over a mass range of m/z 75–1000 with a resolution of 35,000. The automatic gain control (AGC) target for MS1 was set to 1e6. Data-dependent MS/MS acquisition (Top N = 10) was performed with a resolution of 17,500 (AGC target: 2e5) using stepped normalized collision energies (NCE) of 30, 40, and 50 V. The dynamic exclusion time was set to 3 seconds.</p>Norsolorinic acid9,10-DHOMEDambonitolN-IsovaleroylglycineRamipril3,3-Dimethylglutaric acidPyrocatecholMonomethyl succinateXanthosine-5'-monophosphate2-Methyl-5-(8,11-pentadecadienyl)-1,3-benzenediolIsoguvacineCytidine-5'-monophosphateGlu-LeuBW-A868C5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, (1R)-1-[[[(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]methyl]-2-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]ethyl ester, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-6-Thiouric acidKetoleucine3-Methylcrotonyl Glycine9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOMECis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acidTramiprosateHarmanThymidine-5'-triphosphateButanone acidIsorutarin(¡À)8(9)-DiHET1-Methylxanthine2-PhenylphenolUridine-5'-monophosphate1,2-Dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol)NordihydrocapsiateLeucinic acid4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acidS-acetyldihydrolipoamide3-Methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolateN-Oleoyl-L-Serine1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol)FelbinacGlutaric acid4-EthylphenolLPE(22:5/0:0)2-HydroxyquinolineSclareolGlutathionethromboxane B2N-PhenylacetylglycineMiglitolD-glycero-L-galacto-Octulose13-Methylmyristic acidPE-NMe2(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))N-HeptanoylglycineFexofenadineDL-Pantothenic acidL-Formylkynurenine(R)-2-Amino-N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)propanamideMG(18:1/0:0/0:0)4-Acetamidobenzoic acid2-Ethyl-2-Hydroxybutyric acidl Cysteinyl d valineChelidonic acidL-Arabitol2-AminoethylphosphonateD-Pyroglutamic acidPetasitenineGlyceraldehyde(S)-[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-piperidin-2-ylmethanol3-Hydroxydecanoic acidUrsocholic acidDodecanedioic AcidLPE(0:0/18:0)Oleoyltaurine3-MethylxanthineDL-Pyroglutamic acidAcetylglycineVanillic acidGlyceric acidHexadecanedioic acid3-Phenylbutyric acid1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine3-Furoic acidoryzalexin E3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisoleMupirocin1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineNb-PalmitoyltryptamineHomocitric acid2-dehydro-D-gluconic acidBenzilXylose2'-Adenylic acid(¡À)19(20)-EpDPE(A)4-HydroxyquinolineL-DeoxyalliinRhamnose3-Methacrylic acidPyrophosphate3'-Adenylic acidLPE(20:4/0:0)Lyxo-2-HexuloseGlu-PheN-Acetyl-DL-tryptophanDihydrogen phosphateN-Palmitoyl TaurineEnterodiol3-MethyladenineGlycine linoleateMalonic acidAndrosterone glucuronideStreptozocinFFA(16:0)IsopentenyladenineOnoninIsocitric acid3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acidLPE(0:0/18:2)HydroxyisoleucineMethazolamideN-MethyltryptamineAdenosine1-Palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineChlordiazepoxide5-Acetamidovalerate2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate3-DehydroshikimateFFA(16:1)2-Hydroxycinnamic acidAcitretinEupatilinFumaric acid15-Hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acidSulfoacetic acidCyclohexaneacetic acid3-Hydroxybutyric acidPC(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))Melatonin5-MethylcytosineD-QuinovoseMannose5,5'-DehydrodivanillateMethionolGlucoseTetradecanedioic acidThioguanineDocosahexaenoic acid1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineThymidine-5'-phosphateGlcnac6PMethoxyacetic acid(R)-2-Oxo-3-methylpentanoateEthyl fumarate1,3-Dimethyluric acidDeltalineUrocanic acidTetrahydroharman-3-carboxylic acidValeric acidLPS(18:2)AcetaminophenUreidoisobutyric AcidD-Arabinose1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolaminePsicoseSuberic acidAcetylsalicylic acidXanthosine 5'-triphosphateDl-LyxoseLevoglucosan1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineTropate4-Hydroxy-glutamic acidAdenosine 5'-DiphosphateT-2 TetraolLPC(16:0/0:0)N-Acetylglucosamine 1-PhosphateDihydroberberineCarnitine C2:0(5S)-3-(2-aminoethylsulanyl)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acidPetroselinic acid1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol)XanthosinePerseitolN-(3-Aminopropyl)-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzenamineMethyl hexadecanoic acid2,2-Dimethylsuccinic acidPimelic acidMyriocincis-7-Hexadecenoic acidDesaminotyrosineCitric acidLicheninCyclamic acid1-MethyladenineN-Acetylleucinebeta-TocotrienolArtemether(S)-2-amino-6-oxopimelic acidKetoprofen glucuronideSwertisin¦Á-Ketoglutaric Acid (¦Á-KG)Hydroxyisocaproic acidFFA(14:0)Tiglic acid5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acidTauroursodeoxycholic acidZingerone8-iso-PGF2betaFenoldopamItaconic acid2-Benzylmalate2,7-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acidIndole-3-carboxaldehydeStearic acidFlavin adenine dinucleotideFlazine methyl ether1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholinePterin8-Methyl-6-nonenoic acidUridine-5'-diphosphate-glucosePelargonidinSulfanilamideGuanosine 3',5'-Cyclic MonophosphateGeranic acidL-cystathionine1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine13(S)-Hydroperoxylinolenic acidDichlorophen6-trans-12-epi Leukotriene B4Cysteinyl-glutamateMonobutyl phthalateO-acetyl-L-serine(R)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-olTaurochenodeoxycholic acid(6E,8E,10E,14Z)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoic acidAlpha-Ketooctanoic acidalpha-Guanidinoglutaric acidGlyoxylic acid1-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanoneLPE(0:0/16:0)19(S)-HETE4-Methylvaleric Acid5-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid8-Desoxygartanin2',3'-DIDEOXYCYTIDINE2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid13,16,19-Docosatrienoic acidThymine1-Methyluric acidDexmedetomidineBilobolLactic acidGalactoseDichlorpropIsonicotinic acidN-Palmitoylglycine1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerolPC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))9S-HOTrE1-NaphtholAllantoinp-Cresol sulfateFormylanthranilic acid(9Z,12S,13R)-12,13-Dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid13-oxoODECarnitine C12:012(13)Ep-9-KODEAcridine-9-aminePhosphoenolpyruvateN-ethylene glycol neuraminic acid8-Amino-7-oxononanoic acidKynurenic acidIsokaempferideN-Formylmethionine3-Hydroxyvalproic acidMyristoleic acidPentitolFebuxostatMethionineGlycerolN-lactoyl-phenylalanine1-hexadecyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineN-Acetyl-D-glucosamine4-Methyloctanoic acidIsopropyl methyl sulfideTyrosolBenzamidineChloroprenetrans-Vaccenic acidSulfachlorpyridazineRosmarinic acidd-Myo-inositol 4-monophosphate ammonium saltBiguanide4-HydroxyprolineRicinoleic acidEletriptanCelastrolEthyl glucuronidePyrrole-2-carboxylic acid9,10-EpOME(1S,4aS,7aS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acidArabinose-5-phosphateTioxolonecis,cis-Muconic acidQuinaldic acidGlycolic acidPhosphateTetrahydroharmineLPC(15:0/0:0)Pentadecanoic acidLPS(18:1/0:0)D-Xylulose 5-phosphateGlycocyamine1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineSuccinylcholineNordihydroguaiaretic acid4-Methoxyglucobrassicin3-[4-Methyl-1-(2-methylpropanoyl)-3-oxocyclohexyl]butanoic acidFFA(22:5)Eicosadienoic acid1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-(phospho-rac-(1-glycerol))2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acidEicosapentaenoic acidN-oleoylglycine3-Methyl-2-butenyl beta-D-glucopyranosideRibulose 5-phosphate4-Hydroxytiglic acidLPE(0:0/22:6)RopivacaineHarmineMimosine(2S,3R)-3-Hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylateAzacitidinebisphenol A diglycidyl ether9-Oxo-nonanoic acidCholesterol sulfate3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanineD-ribofuranose 5-phosphate3-Oxooctadecanoic acidDimethylmalonic acidGuanidinosuccinic acid(¡À)12-HEPECarvedilolSuccinic acidHypoxanthineAcetic acid1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-PhosphocholinePE(18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))alpha-Linolenic acidAcrylic acid2-Hydroxyglutarate2-Oxovaleric acidAcetazolamideD-AlloseProstaglandin F2¦Á2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acidL-Glutamic acid2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidineD-Serine1-Pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylateCanrenoneAdenine17-Octadecynoic acidOxoadipic acidFructoseDiisopropylphosphate3-Methylhippuric acidD-Prolinegamma-Linolenic AcidRibose-1-phosphateInosineFurfural diacetal2-Methylsuccinic AcidPurineLumichromeCorchorifatty acid FDioleoyl phosphatidylserinePS(18:0/20:4)Phenylacetic acid1,4-Dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamideN-Acetyl-L-phenylalanineDesthiobiotin3-Hydroxyglutaric acidArachidonic acid4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyraldehydePregnenoloneLPE(16:0/0:0)Procyanidin A1Benzoylecgonine16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineCaffeineGlycerol Tributyrate3'-FucosyllactosePyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid3-HydroxybenzaldehydeD-Mannose 6-phosphatePropionic acid9-HEPE(10)-GingerolMevalonate 5-phosphateMaltotrioseValproic acid(S)-14-Methylhexadecanoic acidBenzonitrileSebacic acidNalidixic acid3-Hexenedioic acidGlycerophospho-N-Arachidonoyl EthanolamineDihydroroseoside1,2-Dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine2-Methyl-5-(8-pentadecenyl)-1,3-benzenediol5-HEPE3-Methylglutaric acidGlycyl-L-tyrosine7-Ketodeoxycholic acidAcetylenedicarboxylic acidQuinoline-4-carboxylic acid4-Ethylbenzoic acidN-methyl-L-glutamic Acidtert-Butoxycarbonylasparagine12S-HHTSuccinic acid semialdehydeFurfuryl alcoholIndoleacetic acid(8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroxyicosa-8,11,13-trienoic acid3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acidSuccinylacetoneHydroxyphenyllactic acidSodium oleateAsp-IleCoriolic acidErythroseAspartyl-L-prolineEthoxyacetic acid2,3-dinor-8-iso Prostaglandin F2¦ÁAsp-His3-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acidADP-riboseGingerol2-Hydroxybutanoic AcidDichlorprop-PLPS(22:6)4-Pentenoic acidGlyphosateGlu-ThrFFA(19:1)Orotic acidD-AlanineLactitolMaleic acidMalic acid4-Methylbenzoic acid2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acidIsobutyrylglycine7-MethylxanthineGalactaric acidMandelic acid(¡À)8-HETEMaltoseGlycyl-L-leucineHistamineAPGPR EnterostatinN-Acetylneuraminic Acid(SA)2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acidAnhydrotetracyclineMethyl acetatePyruvic AcidOxypurinolN-Methyl-D-aspartic acidSedoheptulose12-Hydroxystearic acid3,3',4'5-TetrahydroxystilbeneEpigallocatechinDinoprostone3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acidLPI(18:1)Ginkgolic acidL-3-Phenyllactic acidRaffinoseFFA(18:2)4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acidp-CresolAzelaic acid9,10-Epoxystearic acid5-(7-Acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acidCarboxyphosphamideLPE(0:0/20:5)His-AsnDiethyldithiocarbamic acidMedroxyprogesterone(E)-but-2-enedioate;hydronAlbomaculineHydrogen phosphateD-OrnithineAsp-Valalpha-Dimorphecolic acidL-2-Aminoadipic acidN-Acetoxymethylflindersine12-Hydroxyjasmonic acidHexadecenoic acidDiprogulic Acid(2-Methoxy-benzoylamino)-acetic acid2-Amino-4-oxo-6-(1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-diquinoid-7,8-dihydroxypterinTartaric acidFFA(18:3)FAA(18:1)Pyridoxal phosphateIndole-3-carboxylic acidCyclohexanecarboxylic acid3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acidNeogrifolin1-Heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(¡À)9-HpODEIsatin14,15-DiHETrE2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acidTobramycinDaidzeinMethylmalonic Acid1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine9alpha,15S-Dihydroxy-11-oxothromba-5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acidfalseThe Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Liver Metabolomics in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet<p>Background and Objectives: Obesity is often accompanied by hepatic metabolic disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation. While combined aerobic and resistance exercise is considered an intervention to improve body composition, its systematic regulatory effects on the hepatic metabolic profile remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on the liver metabolomics of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 per group): a standard diet control group (C), a high-fat diet model group (HF), and a high-fat diet plus combined exercise group (HFAR). The combined exercise intervention lasted 8 weeks and consisted of treadmill training (12–15 m/min, 30–60 min/day) and ladder climbing with weights (10%–70% of body weight), performed 6 days per week. Liver lipid deposition and pathological changes were assessed using HE and Oil Red O staining; ELISA was used to measure levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the liver; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) non-targeted metabolomics was used to analyze differences in liver metabolites and to perform metabolic pathway analysis. Results: Compared with the HF group, the HFAR group showed significantly lower body weight, fat mass, and body fat percentage (P &lt; 0.01), as well as marked improvements in hepatic steatosis and lipid droplet deposition. Biochemical indicators showed that the combined exercise regimen significantly reduced liver TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST levels (P &lt; 0.01), increased HDL-C (P &lt; 0.01), and suppressed the overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (P &lt; 0.05). Metabolomics analysis identified 20 key differentially expressed metabolites, and metabolic pathway analysis indicated that they were primarily involved in histidine metabolism and fructose/mannose metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise effectively reduces liver lipid accumulation, inflammation, and damage in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The mechanism may involve the regulation of histidine metabolism and fructose/mannose metabolic pathways, providing a metabolomic basis for combined exercise interventions in obesity-related liver disease.</p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