MetaboLightsapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/m_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-2_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/m_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-3_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/m_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-1_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/m_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/a_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-2.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/a_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-1.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/s_MTBLS15607.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/a_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-3.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/a_MTBLS15607_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/Sham_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_C.butyricum_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_7.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/IR_C.butyricum_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_kidney/Sham_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/Sham_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_serum/IR_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/mus_intestinal_contents/IR_C.butyricum_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_10.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_6.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_5.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_14.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_17.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_4.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_26.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_7.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_13.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_20.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_11.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_27.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_15.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_6.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_24.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_8.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_12.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_3.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_2.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_21.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_11.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_19.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_5.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_9.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_8.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_3.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_13.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_17.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_22.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_1.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_16.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_7.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_4.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_14.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_23.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_10.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_12.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_18.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_1.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_28.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_9.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_2.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/AKI_16.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_25.D.zipftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607/FILES/RAW_FILES/Homo_feces/Control_15.D.zipprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15607<p>Metabolite identification was achieved using a scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. Each target metabolite was confirmed by matching its retention time and two characteristic ion transitions against authentic standards. The primary transition served for quantification, while the secondary transition provided confirmatory identification. Peak area ratios of quantifier to qualifier ions were monitored to ensure specificity, with acceptance criteria set at ±20% deviation from the standard ratio.</p>MetaboLightsPublicGas Chromatography MS - positive - high-polarity<p>The GC analysis was performed on trace 1300/1310 gas chromatograph (Thermo Fisher Scientific,</p><p>USA). The GC was fitted with a capillary column Agilent HP-INNOWAX (30 m × 0.25 mm ID ×</p><p>0.25 μm) and helium was used as the carrier gas at 1 mL/min. Injection was made in split mode at</p><p>10:1 with an injection volume of 1 μL and an injector temperature of 250℃. The temperature of</p><p>the ion source and MS transfer line were 300℃ and 250℃, respectively. The column temperature</p><p>was programmed to increase from an initial temperature of 90℃, followed by an increase to</p><p>120℃ at 10℃/min, and to 150℃ at 5℃/min, and finally to 250℃ at 25℃/min which was</p><p>maintained for 2 min .</p>Inulin gel-mediated delivery of Clostridium butyricum spores protects against acute kidney injury via regulation of ER-mitochondria contacts.Zhenghao SunAnhui Medical Universitykidneyintestinal_contentsserumfecesmass spectrometry assay<p>Samples were homogenated for 1min with 500 μL of water and 100 mg of glass beads, and then</p><p>centrifuged at 4℃ for 10 min at 12000 rpm. 200 μL supernatant was extracted with 100 μL of</p><p>15% phosphoric acid and 20 μL of 375 μg/mL 4-methylvaleric acid solution as IS and 280 μL</p><p>ether. Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged at 4℃ for 10 min at 12000 rpm after vortexing</p><p>for 1 min and the supernatant was transferred into the vial prior to GC-MS analysis.</p>Mus musculusHomo sapienshttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS15607Zhenghao Sun. Anhui Medical University. sunzhenghaoahmu@126.com.<p>Raw GC-MS data were processed using Agilent MassHunter software. Automated peak detection and integration were performed with manual verification to ensure accuracy. Peak alignment across all samples was conducted to correct retention time shifts. Data normalization was applied using internal standards to minimize analytical variability. Features with signal-to-noise ratios below 10 were excluded, and blank subtraction was performed to remove background contaminants prior to statistical analysis.</p>Treatmentsunzhenghaoahmu@126.com<p>Human fecal samples: Healthy control samples were obtained from routine health check-ups at the Physical Examination Center, while AKI patient samples were collected from the Department of Nephrology. All samples were preserved in liquid nitrogen.</p><p>Mouse intestinal contents: Following euthanasia of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mice, intestinal contents were collected and immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.</p><p>Mouse serum: Following euthanasia of bilateral renal I/R mice, blood was collected and serum was separated, then immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.</p><p>Mouse kidney tissues: Following euthanasia of bilateral renal I/R mice, fresh kidney tissues were collected and immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.</p>MetabolomicsISQ 7000Mus musculusintestinal_contentstargeted analysisInulin gelsAcute kidney injuryGPR43Homo sapiensLipidomicstargeted metabolite profilingGRP75kidneyThermo Scientific TRACE 1300 GCThermo Scientific TRACE 1310 GCserumfecesER-Mitochondria ContactsClostridium butyricum sporesISQ 7000Mus musculusintestinal_contentstargeted analysisInulin gelsAcute kidney injuryGPR43LipidomicsHomo sapienstargeted metabolite profilingGRP75kidneyThermo Scientific TRACE 1300 GCThermo Scientific TRACE 1310 GCserumfecesER-Mitochondria ContactsClostridium butyricum spores<p>Mass spectrometric detection of metabolites was performed on ISQ 7000 (Thermo Fisher</p><p>Scientific, USA) with electron impact ionization mode. Single ion monitoring (SIM) mode was</p><p>used with the electron energy of 70 eV.</p>falseInulin gel-mediated delivery of Clostridium butyricum spores protects against acute kidney injury via regulation of ER-mitochondria contactsAcute kidney injury (AKI) progression is closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that patients with AKI had decreased beneficial bacteria and reduced butyric acid levels in the intestine. Furthermore, butyrate alleviates renal injury and inflammation in AKI in mice. Nevertheless, the oral administration of butyric acid is limited by its pungent odor and low bioavailability. Here, we utilize the tolerance of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) spores to cross the gastric acid barrier and colonize the colon for local butyric acid production. Our results showed that C. butyricum spores increased butyric acid levels in the intestinal contents, serum, and renal tissue. Mechanistically, gut-derived butyric acid enters the systemic circulation and activates GPR43 in renal tubular epithelial cells. Activated GPR43 competitively binds GRP75, thereby disrupting pathological endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contacts at mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which alleviates mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, attenuating renal injury, inflammation, and lipid accumulation in AKI. We also developed a C. butyricum spore@Inulin gels (CBIN gels) delivery system using an inulin gel matrix to enhance colonic retention and germination of C. butyricum spores, promoting butyric acid production, and ultimately improving renoprotective effects in AKI mice. This study demonstrates that targeted C. butyricum spore delivery via inulin gel ameliorates AKI by modulating ER-mitochondria contacts through the GPR43-GRP75 axis. These findings provide valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for the treatment of AKI.2026-09-172026-09-09MTBLS15607