MetaboLights

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ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/m_MTBLS15914_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/m_MTBLS15914_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_v2_maf.tsvftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/s_MTBLS15914.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/a_MTBLS15914_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/i_Investigation.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/a_MTBLS15914_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase.txtftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_1_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_5.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_3.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_6.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_4.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_2.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_6_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_2_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_3_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_5_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_4_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_5_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_4_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_3_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_1.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_6_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_2_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_cell_1_P.mzMLftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914/FILES/DERIVED_FILES/d_His_4.mzMLprimaryOK200ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS15914Targeted metabolites were detected using an AB SCIEX 6500+ QTRAP mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Metabolites were identified based on predefined precursor-to-product ion transitions and retention times and, where applicable, by comparison with authentic standards. Quantification was performed based on the peak areas of the corresponding MRM transitions, with appropriate internal standards used for normalization.MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phaseLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phaseThe ExionLC ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system (AB Sciex, USA) was operated on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (Agilent, USA) with an injection volume of 2 μL and a column temperature of 40 , and the mobile phases were A- 6.25 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.2 % acetic acid in water, and B- 0.2% acetic acid in methanol. The gradient elution conditions were 0-2 min, 20% B; 2-12 min, 20-90% B; 12-17 min, 90-20% B; 17-19.00 min, 20% B. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min.Raw data from targeted energy metabolomics analysis of L-histidine-treated RAW264.7 cells.Duo KeaiPeking Universitynot applicablemass spectrometry assayGlass beads and 500 μL of extraction solvent were added to each sample, followed by thorough vortex mixing. The sample-containing centrifuge tubes were immersed in liquid nitrogen for 5 min for rapid freezing and then thawed at room temperature. The tubes were subsequently placed in a tissue grinder and homogenized at 55 Hz for 1 min; this procedure was repeated twice. The samples were then transferred to a temperature-controlled thermomixer and shaken at 1,500 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C, followed by centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C.For analysis under basic conditions, an appropriate volume of the supernatant was diluted fourfold with the diluent. A 100-μL aliquot of the diluted sample was transferred to a centrifuge tube, supplemented with an appropriate amount of mixed internal standards, and thoroughly vortexed. The samples were then dried under a stream of nitrogen in a fume hood and reconstituted in 50% acetonitrile/water for subsequent analysis under basic conditions.For analysis under acidic conditions, an appropriate volume of the supernatant was diluted tenfold with the diluent. A 100-μL aliquot of the diluted sample was transferred to a centrifuge tube, supplemented with an appropriate amount of mixed internal standards, and thoroughly vortexed. The samples were dried under a stream of nitrogen in a fume hood and reconstituted in 0.1% formic acid–40% methanol/water for subsequent analysis under acidic conditions. After thorough vortex mixing, the reconstituted samples were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. The resulting supernatants were transferred to autosampler vials for instrumental analysis.Mus musculushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS15914mengping he. Yangzhou University. hmp009134@yzu.edu.cn.Yuan Liu. Yangzhou University. liuyuan2018@yzu.edu.cn.The vendor-specific raw LC–MS data files were converted to the mzML format using MSConvert from the ProteoWizard software suite.Groupkeaiduoduo998@126.comAfter treatment with L-histidine for 12 h, the cells (1×1000000/sample) were washed twice with PBS and centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. The cell pellets were immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for 30 min.MetabolomicsMetabolomicsAB Sciex Triple Quadrupole 6500 plus mass spectrometerMus musculusSlc7a5not applicableuntargeted analysismTORL-histidineGlycolyticM1 PolarizationExionLC ultra-high performance liquid chromatography systemMetabolomicsAB Sciex Triple Quadrupole 6500 plus mass spectrometerMus musculusSlc7a5not applicableuntargeted analysismTORL-histidineGlycolyticM1 PolarizationExionLC ultra-high performance liquid chromatography systemThe MS analysis was performed using an AB Sciex Triple Quadrupole 6500 plus mass spectrometer (AB Sciex, USA) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The electrospray ionization (ESI) parameters in negative mode were as follows: ion source voltage,±4500 V; ion source temperature, 600 °C; curtain gas, 30 psi; gas 1, 60 psi and gas 2, 60 psi.falseRaw data from targeted energy metabolomics analysis of L-histidine-treated RAW264.7 cellsWith the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. 4,[5],12:i-) emerging as one of the most prevalent serotypes, multidrug resistance has become an increasingly serious clinical challenge. Conventional antibiotic therapy is further constrained by adverse effects, including resistance selection, disruption of the gut microbiota, and organ toxicity. These limitations have driven growing interest in host-directed therapies (HDT) that strengthen intrinsic immune defenses and promote tissue repair to achieve sustained and balanced infection control. Here, to identify key metabolites that enhance host immunity against Salmonella infection, we compared gut metabolite profiles between non-diarrheal and diarrheal mice following S. 4,[5],12:i challenge. It revealed that diarrheal mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of 1-methylhistidine (1-MH) compared with non-diarrheal mice, indicating a marked alteration in histidine metabolism. Consistently, transcriptomic profiling together with targeted energy metabolomics indicated that histidine broadly activates immune-related programs and anti-infective responses. Mechanistically, histidine promotes M1 macrophage polarization through PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α-dependent glycolytic reprogramming, thereby enhancing macrophage activation and controlling Salmonella infection. Collectively, our findings identify L-histidine supplementation as a promising host-directed therapeutic strategy against drug-resistant Salmonella infection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