{"database":"MetaboLights","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Tabular":["ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542/m_wheat_zymosept_rhamnolipids_metabolite_profiling_mass_spectrometry_v2_maf.tsv"],"Txt":["ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542/a_wheat_zymosept_rhamnolipids_metabolite_profiling_mass_spectrometry.txt","ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542/s_MTBLS4542.txt","ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542/i_Investigation.txt"],"Other":["ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542/RAW_FILES","ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542","ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metabolights/studies/public/MTBLS4542/files-all.json"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Raymonde Baltenweck"],"repository":["MetaboLights"],"study_status":["Public"],"ptm_modification":[""],"instrument_platform":["Liquid Chromatography MS - Positive (LC-MS (Positive))"],"mass_spec_protocol":["
The samples were analyzed using an Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA), equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in positive mode. Parameters were set at 300 °C for ion transfer capillary temperature and 2500 V for needle voltages. Nebulization with nitrogen sheath gas and auxiliary gas were maintained at 60 and 15 arbitrary units, respectively. The spectra were acquired within the m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) range from 110 to 1200 atomic mass units (a.m.u.), using a resolution of 50,000 at m/z 200 a.m.u. The system was calibrated internally using dibutyl-phthalate as lock mass at m/z 279.1591, giving a mass accuracy lower than 1.0 ppm. The instruments were controlled using the Xcalibur software (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA). LC-MS grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Roth Sochiel (France); water was provided by a Millipore water purification system. Apigenin and chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, France) were used as internal standard.
"],"chromatography_protocol":["The samples were analyzed using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The chromatographic separations were performed on a Nucleodur C18 HTec column (150 x 2 mm, 1.8 μm particle size; Macherey-Nagel, Germany) maintained at 30 °C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:formic acid (0.1%, v/v, eluant A) and water:formic acid (0.1%, v/v, eluant B) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The gradient elution was programed as follows: 0.0-1.0 min, 95% B; 1.0-2.0 min, 95-85% B; 2.0-7.0 min, 85-0% B; 7.0-9.0 min, 100% A. The sample volume injected was 1 μL.
"],"publication":["Bioinspired Rhamnolipid Protects Wheat Against Zymoseptoria tritici Through Mainly Direct Antifungal Activity and Without Major Impact on Leaf Physiology. 10.3389/fpls.2022.878272. PMID:35720601"],"submitter_affiliation":["INRAE/Universite de Strasbourg"],"Organism":["Triticum aestivum"],"technology_type":["mass spectrometry"],"disease":[""],"extraction_protocol":["Metabolite extraction was performed from powdered freeze-dried wheat leaves (30-50 mg per sample) using 25 µL of methanol per mg dry weight. The extract was then incubated in an ultrasound bath for 10 min, before centrifugation at 13,000 x g at 10 °C for 10 min. The supernatant was then analyzed.
"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS4542"],"author":["Maryline Magnin-Robert.","Pauline Trapet.","Ludovic Chaveriat.","Ali Siah.","Raymonde Baltenweck. Université de Strasbourg. INRAE Centre Grand-Est Colmar,UMR 1131 INRAE/Université de Strasbourg (SVQV)Equipe Métabolisme Secondaire de la Vigne (MSV)28 rue de HerrlisheimF-68000 Colmar. raymonde.baltenweck@inrae.fr.","Béatrice Randoux.","Alessandra Maia-Grondard.","Monica Höfte.","Philippe Hugueney. INRAE. INRAE Centre Grand Est - ColmarUMR 1131 INRAE/Université de Strasbourg (SVQV)Equipe Métabolisme Secondaire de la Vigne (MSV)28 rue de HerrlisheimF-68000 Colmar. philippe.hugueney@inrae.fr.","Jean-Louis Hilbert.","Philippe Reignault.","Anca Lucau-Danila.","Patrice Halama.","Patrick Martin.","Rémi Platel."],"data_transformation_protocol":["The relative quantification of the selected metabolites was performed using the software Xcalibur.
"],"study_factor":["Zymoseptoria trici inoculation","Replicate","Timepoint","Rhamnolipid treatment"],"submitter_email":[""],"sample_collection_protocol":["Bioinspired Rhamnolipid Synthesis
The Rhamnolipid (RL) used in the present study (dodecanoyl α/β-L-rhamnopyranoside, hereafter referred to as Rh-Est-C12) is bioinspired from the RLs naturally produced by P. aeruginosa and was synthesized as described previously[1][2]. The conversion and the purity of the product was assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and confirmatory analyses were performed using elemental analysis (vario MICRO cube CHNS/O, Elementar, Lyon, France) and NMR spectroscopy (NMR, Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer). Briefly, chemical analysis of the obtained molecule Rh-Est-C12 consists of: yellowish oil (β/α ratio 3:7); Rf 0.48 (AcOEt/MeOH 9/1); 1H NMR (CDCl3): 5.09-4.77 (m, 2H), 4.06-3.87 (m, 4H), 3.66-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.33 (m, 4H), 1.65-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.25 (m, 38H), 0.92 (m, 6H, CH3) 13C NMR (CDCl3): δ 174.7, 172.0, 93.5, 92.8, 75.9, 74.2, 73.4, 72.6, 71.3, 69.9, 68.7, 68.1, 34.4, 34,3, 32.0-21.6 (CH2 alkyl chain), 17.6, 17.4, 13.6. The molecular weight of the obtained molecule is 346 g/mol.
Plant and Fungal Materials
The experiments were conducted using seeds of the wheat cultivar (cv.) Alixan, susceptible to Z. tritici, provided by the breeding company Limagrain Europe (Verneuil l’Etang, France). All in vitro and in planta bioassays were carried out using the pathogenic Z. tritici single-spore strain T02596, isolated in 2014 in Northern France from a wheat field non-treated with fungicides. Since its isolation, the strain was stored in cryotube aliquots at -80 °C to avoid genetic drift of the strain due to in vitro subcultures. The fungal inoculum was produced by growing the strain on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium during one week in dark conditions at 20 °C.
Plant Treatment and Infection
Wheat seeds were first pregerminated in square Petri dishes (12 x 12 cm) on moist filter paper, as described previously[3], before being transferred into 3 L pots filled with universal loam (Gamm Vert, France) and placed in the greenhouse at 21 ± 2 °C with a 16/8 h day-night cycle. In total 3 pots of 12 wheat plants each (n=36) were used as replicates for each modality. After 3 weeks of plant growth, i.e., when the third leaves were fully expanded (corresponding to day 0, D0), plants were pretreated with Rh-Est-C12 at 500 mg/L or with a mock treatment as control, using a hand sprayer. A volume of 30 mL was used to treat each pot. Rh-Est-C12 was firstly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Louis, USA), with a final concentration of DMSO of 0.1 % in the treatment solution, supplemented with 0.05% of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Louis, USA) as a wetting agent. Mock treatment consisted of a solution of 0.1% DMSO supplemented with 0.05% of Tween 20. At 2 days post-treatment (D2), both RL-treated and mock-treated plants were inoculated by spraying 30 mL of 106 spores/mL Z. tritici suspension supplemented with a 0.05 % Tween 20 solution. Non-inoculated plants were mock-inoculated by spraying 30 mL of a 0.05 % Tween 20 solution on the plants of each pot. After inoculation, the plants were covered with a clear polyethylene bag for 3 days, to ensure a high humidity level on the surface of the leaves, a required condition for the disease development. Disease severity level was scored on the plant third leaf at 23 days after treatment (D23), corresponding to 21 days post-inoculation, by assessing the leaf areas covered by lesions (chlorosis and necrosis) bearing or not pycnidia.
Refs:
[1] Robineau M, Le Guenic S, Sanchez L, Chaveriat L, Lequart V, Joly N, Calonne M, Jacquard C, Declerck S, Martin P, Dorey S, Ait Barka E. Synthetic Mono-Rhamnolipids Display Direct Antifungal Effects and Trigger an Innate Immune Response in Tomato against Botrytis Cinerea. Molecules. 2020 Jul 8;25(14):3108. doi:10.3390/molecules25143108. PMID:32650401.
[2] Platel R, Chaveriat L, Le Guenic S, Pipeleers R, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Trapet P, Lequart V, Joly N, Halama P, Martin P, Höfte M, Reignault P, Siah A. Importance of the C12 Carbon Chain in the Biological Activity of Rhamnolipids Conferring Protection in Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici. Molecules. 2020 Dec 23;26(1):40. doi:10.3390/molecules26010040. PMID:33374771.
[3] Siah, Deweer C, Duyme F, Sanssené J, Durand R, Reignault P, Halama P. In planta xylanase activity and pathogenicity on wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2009;74(3):693-700. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02303.x. PMID:20222552.
"],"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"study_design":["ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry","crop damage resistance","Plant defenses","Zymoseptoria tritici","Transcriptomics","untargeted metabolites","Rhamnolipids"],"curator_keywords":["ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry","crop damage resistance","Plant defenses","Zymoseptoria tritici","Transcriptomics","untargeted metabolites","Rhamnolipids"],"Organism Part":["leaf"],"metabolite_id_protocol":["For metabolomic analyses, metabolite selection and identification were based on previously published works on benzoxazinoids[1], flavonoids[2] and hydroxycinnamic acid amides[3] from wheat. Besides, the proposed putative metabolite identifications were based on expertized analysis of the corresponding mass spectra and comparison with published reports in literature. Based on accurate mass measurements, elemental compositions were calculated, filtered by isotope abundance and electron parity, and checked for consistency in relation to elemental compositions calculated for fragment ions and observed neutral losses. Additional information was retrieved from the KEGG and PubChem databases. The identity of some metabolites was confirmed using the corresponding standards provided by Sigma-Aldrich (France). Differential metabolomic analyses among the different conditions were performed using the Tukey's Honest Significant Difference method followed by a false discovery rate (FDR) correction using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Metabolites of interest were considered differentially accumulated when the false discovery rate was below 5 % (FDR < 0.05).
Refs:
[1] de Bruijn WJ, Vincken JP, Duran K, Gruppen H. Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Benzoxazinoid Glycosides from Rhizopus-Elicited Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedlings. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Aug 17;64(32):6267-76. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02889. Epub 2016 Aug 4. PMID:27431363.
[2] Wojakowska A, Perkowski J, Góral T, Stobiecki M. Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using LC/MS/MS profiling of the target compounds. J Mass Spectrom. 2013 Mar;48(3):329-39. doi:10.1002/jms.3160. PMID:23494788.
[3] Li Z, Zhao C, Zhao X, Xia Y, Sun X, Xie W, Ye Y, Lu X, Xu G. Deep Annotation of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides in Plants Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Its In Silico Database. Anal Chem. 2018 Dec 18;90(24):14321-14330. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03654. Epub 2018 Dec 4. PMID:30453737.
"],"metabolite_name":["HM2BOA-hexoside","Hydroxyferuloylputrescine","Tricin","Histidine","HMBOA-hexoside","Feruloylagmatine","Sinapoylagmatine","10-OPDA","Chrysoeriol-C-hexosyl-O-deoxyhexoside","HM2BOA","DHBOA-hexosyl-deoxyhexoside","Caffeoylagmatine","Coumaroylagmatine","Abscisic acid","Luteolin-C-hexosyl-deoxyhexoside","Jasmonic acid","Tyrosine","Threonine","Caffeoylputrescine","Luteolin-C-hexosyl-C-pentoside","Luteolin-6-C-hexoside","Methionine","Chrysoeriol-C-hexosyl-O-hexoside","DHBOA-hexosyl-hexoside","Methylpipecolic acid","Feruloylcadaverine","Tricin-7-O-hexoside","Lysine","Abscisic acid glucose ester","Methyljasmonate","Glutamic acid","Tryptophane","HBOA-glucoside","Hydroxyproline","Coumaroylputrescine","Proline","Feruloylputrescine","Luteolin-C-hexosyl-O-hexoside","Arginine","Chrysoeriol-6-C-hexoside","Aspartic acid","Isoleucine","Salicylic acid","Coumaroylcadaverine","Phenylalanine","Methylsalicylate","Indole acetic acid","HBOA","Sinapoylputrescine","Valine","Asparagine","Apigenin-6-C-hexoside-C-pentoside","Glutamine"],"pubmed_abstract":["Rhamnolipids (RLs), glycolipids biosynthesized by the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera, are known to display various activities against a wide range of pathogens. Most previous studies on RLs focused on their direct antimicrobial activity, while only a few reports described the mechanisms by which RLs induce resistance against phytopathogens and the related fitness cost on plant physiology. Here, we combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to unravel the mechanisms underlying RL-induced resistance in wheat against the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, a major pathogen of this crop. Investigations were carried out by treating wheat plants with a bioinspired synthetic mono-RL with a 12-carbon fatty acid tail, dodecanoyl α/β-L-rhamnopyranoside (Rh-Est-C12), under both infectious and non-infectious conditions to examine its potential wheat defense-eliciting and priming bioactivities. Whereas, Rh-Est-C12 conferred to wheat a significant protection against Z. tritici (41% disease severity reduction), only a slight effect of this RL on wheat leaf gene expression and metabolite accumulation was observed. A subset of 24 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) was scored in elicitation modalities 2, 5, and 15 days post-treatment (dpt), and 25 DEGs and 17 DAMs were recorded in priming modalities 5 and 15 dpt. Most changes were down-regulations, and only a few DEGs and DAMs associated with resistance to pathogens were identified. Nevertheless, a transient early regulation in gene expression was highlighted at 2 dpt (e.g., genes involved in signaling, transcription, translation, cell-wall structure, and function), suggesting a perception of the RL by the plant upon treatment. Further in vitro and in planta bioassays showed that Rh-Est-C12 displays a significant direct antimicrobial activity toward Z. tritici. Taken together, our results suggest that Rh-Est-C12 confers protection to wheat against Z. tritici through direct antifungal activity and, to a lesser extent, by induction of plant defenses without causing major alterations in plant metabolism. This study provides new insights into the modes of action of RLs on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem and highlights the potential interest in Rh-Est-C12, a low-fitness cost molecule, to control this pathogen."],"pubmed_title":["Bioinspired Rhamnolipid Protects Wheat Against Zymoseptoria tritici Through Mainly Direct Antifungal Activity and Without Major Impact on Leaf Physiology."],"pubmed_authors":["Platel Rémi R, Lucau-Danila Anca A, Baltenweck Raymonde R, Maia-Grondard Alessandra A, Chaveriat Ludovic L, Magnin-Robert Maryline M, Randoux Béatrice B, Trapet Pauline P, Halama Patrice P, Martin Patrick P, Hilbert Jean-Louis JL, Höfte Monica M, Hugueney Philippe P, Reignault Philippe P, Siah Ali A"],"description_synonyms":["extent, yolk Sac neoplasm of the mediastinum, artificial sequence, Materials, antimicrobials, Wittmaack-Ekbom syndrome, Wittmaack-Ekbom, Metabolic Concepts, LUC7A, antimicrobial agents, Flavimonas, Metabonomics, dmTAF[[II]]230, Generic Action, restless legs syndrome, microbicides, Carbon-12, Glycolipid, Metabolism Concept, Fs(3)Hor, antimicrobial, C, Wittmaack-Ekbom Syndrome, molecules, TFIID TAF250, Willis Ekbom Syndrome, cel, \"Chlorobacterium\" Guillebeau 1890, catabolism, Antibiotika, nageoire caudale, Nonmigrant, metabolic process resulting in cell growth, Molekuel, NTef2, wheat, Transient, D17Mit170, Willis-Ekbom, Tricum aestivum, common wheat, mediastinal yolk Sac tumor, mediastinum yolk sac tumour, tail, DEGS-1, glandular fever, Willis-Ekbom disease, Homo sapiens disease, Gammaherpesviral mononucleosis, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor, transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter, accumulated, single organism signaling, close to, Mdes, dTAF[[II]]230, protein biosynthetic process, Molds, infectious diseases and manifestations, DNA-dependent transcription, completeness, Triticum vulgare, land plants, metabolism resulting in cell growth, TAF200, wall of organ, Tl3, Tl2, Fs(3)Sz11, Vitreous, organ wall, protein formation, secretion, endodermal sinus neoplasm of the mediastinum, disease by infectious agent, finances, Migrants and Transients, 1810032B19Rik, TPL2, Tpl2, craw, yolk Sac tumour of the mediastinum, Processing, CREAP-1, salaries, pooled, endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum, 葉 (Japanese, Eq1, higher plants, protein synthesis, Taf250, Material, CG2684, Sphaeria graminicola, Migrants, financial management, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumours, Septoria tritici, TAF230, hLuc7A, degs, transcription, advanced, antibiotique, conformation, Processes, secondary metabolites, FADS7, Wittmaack Ekbom Syndrome, Metabolic Processes, disease or disorder, DEGS, nom. rejic. Opin. 6 (not \"Chlorobacterium\" Lauterborn 1916), synthetic genetic interaction (sensu inequality), RGD1307981, restless legs, plantae, Pilz, Filamentous Fungi, dTAF[[II]]250, cell, Triticum aestivum8, Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine), Metabolic Concept, Filamentous Fungus, RLS, Worker, Cot/Tpl2, clinical infection, Expressions, Restless Leg Syndrome, dTAF250, EST, Est, COT, Cot, Pfeiffer's disease, Degs, transient structure, Syndrome, Expression, c-COT, Antibiotikum, fees, Chryseomonas, cellular transcription, cou, degradation, Willis-Ekbom Disease, Fungus, mediastinum yolk sac tumor, disorders, function, BG:DS00004.13, Mycota, synthetic DNA, carbone, Cell, Restless Legs, dTAF230, Concept, near to, carbono, C12, Lr, disorder due to infection, Canadian hard winter wheat, synthetic, TAF[[II]]250/230, condition, Mycosphaerella graminicola, CRA, Kissing disease, endodermal sinus tumour of the mediastinum, Ekbom syndrome, metabolism, Metabolic Phenomenon, Taf[[II]]250, multicellular organism metabolic process, metabolite, DNA-templated, Glandular Fever, Lds, hoja (Spanish, signalling, signalling process, Nomads, vicinity of, Monocytic angina, Bra, regulation, General activity, wall, Anabolism, biochemical pathways, protein translation, Ekbom's syndrome, STE, Metabolic Process, Pseudomona, yolk Sac tumor of mediastinum, Activity, Pflanze, Metabonomic, Mononucleosis, neutral molecular compounds, MEKK8, viridiplantae, Tpl-2, Diphenyle chlore, primary metabolites, exact), diseases, Polychlorobiphenyls (54% chlorine), Concepts, diseases and disorders, yolk Sac tumor of the mediastinum, Phenomenon, molecule, molecula, infectious, human disease, DmelCG2684, me75, tail fin, Gene Expressions, Migrant Worker, reference sample, plants, mononucleosis, uroptère, Cot|Tpl2, T1, Des1, DES1, DNA-dependent, 5033416F05Rik, Pseudomonas RNA homology group II, signaling process, Carbon, Squatters, biotransformation, associated, EST-1, Catabolism, antibiotic, yolk Sac neoplasm of mediastinum, MLD, protein anabolism, 54% de chlore, wide/broad, Process, CROP, Fungi, Crop, endodermal sinus tumor of mediastinum, TAFII-250, TAF250/230, uroptérygie, Sensory, results, Mold, RNA similarity group I, TRAMP, TAFII250, Migrant, Liquidomonas, Diseases, precocious, Genetic Materials, microbicide, Workers, Genetic Material, AA536663, Action, ST1E1, mediastinal yolk Sac tumour, 6C, Tails, Plant, CG17603, TAF[[II]], Willis Ekbom, early, infectious mononucleosis, Fitness and Exercise, disease, wide, SYNTHETIC CONSTRUCT sequences, Vitreous Carbon, Filamentous, Horka, SR3-5, Wittmaack Ekbom, bacterial transcription, metabolites, carbonium, Filatov's disease, Fs(3)Horka, artificial, Cistron, Des-1, other disease, Pfeiffer's disease (disorder), biological signaling, d230, infectious disorder, Gene, dTAFII250, carbon, broad, Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum, EfW1, Migrant Workers, Mono, dmTAF1, Taf230, Metabolism, resistance, DmF2, Low, chlorgehalt 54%, WED, Metabolomic, Metabolism Phenomena, antibiotics, TAF250, Gammaherpesviral mononucleosis (disorder), lod, infection, study, Taf200, Genetic, Restless Leg, Transients, Triticum aestivam, synthetic genetic interaction defined by inequality, Nonmigrants, Taf1p, multiple joint dislocations-short stature-hyperlaxity-craniofacial dysmorphism syndrome, financing, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors, endodermal sinus tumour of mediastinum, non-neoplastic, Squatter, funding, Kohlenstoff, bread wheat, Infectious Mononucleosis, EQ-1, disorder, fungi, Controlled., TAF, relational structural quality, ESTF, Disease, Controlling, TAF[[II]]250, Sensory Processing, OA48-18, mediastinal yolk Sac neoplasm, l(3)84Ab, artificial gene, medical condition, Cistrons, Willis-Ekbom Syndrome, Loefflerella, endodermal sinus neoplasm of mediastinum, Metabolic Phenomena, Metabolism Concepts, yolk Sac tumour of mediastinum, communicable disease, p230, Phenomena, Nomad, mediastinal endodermal sinus neoplasm, protein biosynthesis, TFIID, Willis Ekbom Disease, Chlorierte biphenyle, restless leg syndrome, TAF[[II]]230, biodegradation, Metabolic, caudal subdivision, fungus, TAF[II]250, synthetic constructs, Carbon 12, Estf, cost, single-organism metabolic process, DmelCG17603, approaches, monocytic angina, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumour, Glandular fever, infectious disease, transmissible disease, TAF1"],"pubmed_title_synonyms":["Activity, function., Triticum vulgare, Triticum aestivum8, Triticum aestivam, Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum, wheat, Ximpact, hoja (Spanish, 葉 (Japanese, impact-a, Tricum aestivum, common wheat, bread wheat, JBR-215, exact), Canadian hard winter wheat, JBR 215, Sphaeria graminicola, JBR215, Mycosphaerella graminicola, E430016J11Rik, Septoria tritici, General activity, RWDD5"],"name_synonyms":["Activity, function., Triticum vulgare, Triticum aestivum8, Triticum aestivam, Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum, wheat, Ximpact, hoja (Spanish, 葉 (Japanese, impact-a, Tricum aestivum, common wheat, bread wheat, JBR-215, exact), Canadian hard winter wheat, JBR 215, Sphaeria graminicola, JBR215, Mycosphaerella graminicola, E430016J11Rik, Septoria tritici, General activity, RWDD5"],"pubmed_abstract_synonyms":["extent, yolk Sac neoplasm of the mediastinum, artificial sequence, Materials, antimicrobials, Wittmaack-Ekbom syndrome, Wittmaack-Ekbom, Metabolic Concepts, LUC7A, antimicrobial agents, Flavimonas, Metabonomics, dmTAF[[II]]230, Generic Action, restless legs syndrome, microbicides, Carbon-12, Glycolipid, Metabolism Concept, Fs(3)Hor, antimicrobial, C, Wittmaack-Ekbom Syndrome, molecules, TFIID TAF250, Willis Ekbom Syndrome, cel, \"Chlorobacterium\" Guillebeau 1890, catabolism, Antibiotika, nageoire caudale, Nonmigrant, metabolic process resulting in cell growth, Molekuel, NTef2, wheat, Transient, D17Mit170, Willis-Ekbom, Tricum aestivum, common wheat, mediastinal yolk Sac tumor, mediastinum yolk sac tumour, tail, DEGS-1, glandular fever, Willis-Ekbom disease, Homo sapiens disease, Gammaherpesviral mononucleosis, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor, transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter, accumulated, single organism signaling, close to, Mdes, dTAF[[II]]230, protein biosynthetic process, Molds, infectious diseases and manifestations, DNA-dependent transcription, completeness, Triticum vulgare, land plants, metabolism resulting in cell growth, TAF200, wall of organ, Tl3, Tl2, Fs(3)Sz11, Vitreous, organ wall, protein formation, secretion, endodermal sinus neoplasm of the mediastinum, disease by infectious agent, finances, Migrants and Transients, 1810032B19Rik, TPL2, Tpl2, craw, yolk Sac tumour of the mediastinum, Processing, CREAP-1, salaries, pooled, endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum, 葉 (Japanese, Eq1, higher plants, protein synthesis, Taf250, Material, CG2684, Sphaeria graminicola, Migrants, financial management, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumours, Septoria tritici, TAF230, hLuc7A, degs, transcription, advanced, antibiotique, conformation, Processes, secondary metabolites, FADS7, Wittmaack Ekbom Syndrome, Metabolic Processes, disease or disorder, DEGS, nom. rejic. Opin. 6 (not \"Chlorobacterium\" Lauterborn 1916), synthetic genetic interaction (sensu inequality), RGD1307981, restless legs, plantae, Pilz, Filamentous Fungi, dTAF[[II]]250, cell, Triticum aestivum8, Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine), Metabolic Concept, Filamentous Fungus, RLS, Worker, Cot/Tpl2, clinical infection, Expressions, Restless Leg Syndrome, dTAF250, EST, Est, COT, Cot, Pfeiffer's disease, Degs, transient structure, Syndrome, Expression, c-COT, Antibiotikum, fees, Chryseomonas, cellular transcription, cou, degradation, Willis-Ekbom Disease, Fungus, mediastinum yolk sac tumor, disorders, function, BG:DS00004.13, Mycota, synthetic DNA, carbone, Cell, Restless Legs, dTAF230, Concept, near to, carbono, C12, Lr, disorder due to infection, Canadian hard winter wheat, synthetic, TAF[[II]]250/230, condition, Mycosphaerella graminicola, CRA, Kissing disease, endodermal sinus tumour of the mediastinum, Ekbom syndrome, metabolism, Metabolic Phenomenon, Taf[[II]]250, multicellular organism metabolic process, metabolite, DNA-templated, Glandular Fever, Lds, hoja (Spanish, signalling, signalling process, Nomads, vicinity of, Monocytic angina, Bra, regulation, General activity, wall, Anabolism, biochemical pathways, protein translation, Ekbom's syndrome, STE, Metabolic Process, Pseudomona, yolk Sac tumor of mediastinum, Activity, Pflanze, Metabonomic, Mononucleosis, neutral molecular compounds, MEKK8, viridiplantae, Tpl-2, Diphenyle chlore, primary metabolites, exact), diseases, Polychlorobiphenyls (54% chlorine), Concepts, diseases and disorders, yolk Sac tumor of the mediastinum, Phenomenon, molecule, molecula, infectious, human disease, DmelCG2684, me75, tail fin, Gene Expressions, Migrant Worker, reference sample, plants, mononucleosis, uroptère, Cot|Tpl2, T1, Des1, DES1, DNA-dependent, 5033416F05Rik, Pseudomonas RNA homology group II, signaling process, Carbon, Squatters, biotransformation, associated, EST-1, Catabolism, antibiotic, yolk Sac neoplasm of mediastinum, MLD, protein anabolism, 54% de chlore, wide/broad, Process, CROP, Fungi, Crop, endodermal sinus tumor of mediastinum, TAFII-250, TAF250/230, uroptérygie, Sensory, results, Mold, RNA similarity group I, TRAMP, TAFII250, Migrant, Liquidomonas, Diseases, precocious, Genetic Materials, microbicide, Workers, Genetic Material, AA536663, Action, ST1E1, mediastinal yolk Sac tumour, 6C, Tails, Plant, CG17603, TAF[[II]], Willis Ekbom, early, infectious mononucleosis, Fitness and Exercise, disease, wide, SYNTHETIC CONSTRUCT sequences, Vitreous Carbon, Filamentous, Horka, SR3-5, Wittmaack Ekbom, bacterial transcription, metabolites, carbonium, Filatov's disease, Fs(3)Horka, artificial, Cistron, Des-1, other disease, Pfeiffer's disease (disorder), biological signaling, d230, infectious disorder, Gene, dTAFII250, carbon, broad, Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum, EfW1, Migrant Workers, Mono, dmTAF1, Taf230, Metabolism, resistance, DmF2, Low, chlorgehalt 54%, WED, Metabolomic, Metabolism Phenomena, antibiotics, TAF250, Gammaherpesviral mononucleosis (disorder), lod, infection, study, Taf200, Genetic, Restless Leg, Transients, Triticum aestivam, synthetic genetic interaction defined by inequality, Nonmigrants, Taf1p, multiple joint dislocations-short stature-hyperlaxity-craniofacial dysmorphism syndrome, financing, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors, endodermal sinus tumour of mediastinum, non-neoplastic, Squatter, funding, Kohlenstoff, bread wheat, Infectious Mononucleosis, EQ-1, disorder, fungi, Controlled., TAF, relational structural quality, ESTF, Disease, Controlling, TAF[[II]]250, Sensory Processing, OA48-18, mediastinal yolk Sac neoplasm, l(3)84Ab, artificial gene, medical condition, Cistrons, Willis-Ekbom Syndrome, Loefflerella, endodermal sinus neoplasm of mediastinum, Metabolic Phenomena, Metabolism Concepts, yolk Sac tumour of mediastinum, communicable disease, p230, Phenomena, Nomad, mediastinal endodermal sinus neoplasm, protein biosynthesis, TFIID, Willis Ekbom Disease, Chlorierte biphenyle, restless leg syndrome, TAF[[II]]230, biodegradation, Metabolic, caudal subdivision, fungus, TAF[II]250, synthetic constructs, Carbon 12, Estf, cost, single-organism metabolic process, DmelCG17603, approaches, monocytic angina, mediastinal endodermal sinus tumour, Glandular fever, infectious disease, transmissible disease, TAF1"],"citation_count_scaled":["0.0"],"download_count_scaled":["0.0"],"normalized_connections":["0.0"],"reanalysis_count_scaled":["0.0"],"view_count_scaled":["0.0"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Bioinspired Rhamnolipid Protects Wheat Against Zymoseptoria tritici Through Mainly Direct Antifungal Activity and Without Major Impact on Leaf Physiology","description":"Rhamnolipids (RLs), glycolipids biosynthesized by the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera, are known to display various activities against a wide range of pathogens. Most previous studies on RLs focused on their direct antimicrobial activity, while only a few reports described the mechanisms by which RLs induce resistance against phytopathogens and the related fitness cost on plant physiology. Here, we combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to unravel the mechanisms underlying RL-induced resistance in wheat against the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, a major pathogen of this crop. Investigations were carried out by treating wheat plants with a bioinspired synthetic mono-RL with a 12-carbon fatty acid tail, dodecanoyl α/β-L-rhamnopyranoside (Rh-Est-C12), under both infectious and non-infectious conditions to examine its potential wheat defense-eliciting and priming bioactivities. Whereas, Rh-Est-C12 conferred to wheat a significant protection against Z. tritici (41% disease severity reduction), only a slight effect of this RL on wheat leaf gene expression and metabolite accumulation was observed. A subset of 24 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) was scored in elicitation modalities 2, 5 and 15 days post-treatment (dpt), and 25 DEGs and 17 DAMs were recorded in priming modalities 5 and 15 dpt. Most changes were down-regulations, and only a few DEGs and DAMs associated with resistance to pathogens were identified. Nevertheless, a transient early regulation in gene expression was highlighted at 2 dpt (e.g., genes involved in signaling, transcription, translation, cell-wall structure and function), suggesting a perception of the RL by the plant upon treatment. Further in vitro and in planta bioassays showed that Rh-Est-C12 displays a significant direct antimicrobial activity toward Z. tritici. Taken together, our results suggest that Rh-Est-C12 confers protection to wheat against Z. tritici through direct antifungal activity and, to a lesser extent, by induction of plant defenses without causing major alterations in plant metabolism. This study provides new insights into the modes of action of RLs on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem and highlights the potential interest in Rh-Est-C12, a low-fitness cost molecule, to control this pathogen.
","dates":{"publication":"2022-06-21","submission":"2022-03-18"},"accession":"MTBLS4542","cross_references":{"MetaboLights":["MTBLC191188","MTBLC191189","MTBLC75544","MTBLC191187","MTBLC32818","MTBLC70431","MTBLC24898","MTBLC18292","MTBLC28937","MTBLC59979","MTBLC180669","MTBLC18237","MTBLC191185","MTBLC16411","MTBLC17417","MTBLC63559","MTBLC27570","MTBLC25094","MTBLC28300","MTBLC28044","MTBLC29016","MTBLC27897","MTBLC24741","MTBLC26986","MTBLC22660","MTBLC18186","MTBLC9299","MTBLC31832","MTBLC174111","MTBLC191190","MTBLC16811","MTBLC16914","MTBLC26271","MTBLC15929","MTBLC27266","MTBLC22653","MTBLC80446","MTBLC133910"],"pubmed":["35720601"],"ChEBI":["CHEBI:31832","CHEBI:27897","CHEBI:24741","CHEBI:15929","CHEBI:191190","CHEBI:28300","CHEBI:29016","CHEBI:80446","CHEBI:22660","CHEBI:16914","CHEBI:27570","CHEBI:174111","CHEBI:28044","CHEBI:16811","CHEBI:25094","CHEBI:28937","CHEBI:24898","CHEBI:70431","CHEBI:22653","CHEBI:18186","CHEBI:133910","CHEBI:59979","CHEBI:32818","CHEBI:27266","CHEBI:75544","CHEBI:180669","CHEBI:191189","CHEBI:191188","CHEBI:191187","CHEBI:9299","CHEBI:26271","CHEBI:191185","CHEBI:17417","CHEBI:16411","CHEBI:18237","CHEBI:63559","CHEBI:26986","CHEBI:18292"]}}