MetaboLights

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identification was based on accurate mass, isotope pattern, MS/MS fragment scoring and retention time matching to an in-house library (level I ID). A total score of 80% match in the MS-DIAL software was used as the identification score threshold for level I ID.MetaboLightsPublicLiquid Chromatography MS - positive - hilicLiquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilicChromatographic separation was carried out on an Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC column (Waters, MA, USA; 2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water:acetonitrile (9:1, v/v; mobile phase phase A) and acetonitrile:water (9:1, v/v; mobile phase B), which were modified with a total buffer concentration of 10 mM ammonium acetate (negative mode) and 10 mM ammonium formate (positive mode), respectively. The aqueous portion of each mobile phase was pH-adjusted (negative mode: pH 9.0 via addition of ammonium hydroxide; positive mode: pH 3.0 via addition of formic acid). The following gradient (20 min total run time including re-equilibration) was applied (time [min]/%B): 0/95, 2/95, 14.5/60, 16/60, 16.5/95, 20/95. Column temperature was maintained at 40 °C, the autosampler was set to 4 °C and sample injection volume was 5 µL.Molecular profiling of sponge deflation reveals an ancient relaxant-inflammatory response. 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.021. PMID:38181793Fabian RupertiBernhard DrotleffEMBL HeidelbergBodymass spectrometry assayMetabolites were extracted via addition of 500 µL acetonitrile:methanol:water (2:2:1, v/v) and homogenization on dry ice with a bead beater (FastPrep-24; MP Biomedicals, CA, USA) at 6.0 ms (3 x 30 s, 5 min pause time) using 1.0 mm zirconia/glass beads (Biospec Products, OK, USA). After centrifugation for 10 min at 15,000 x g and 4 °C with a 5415R microcentrifuge (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany), the supernatants were collected and residual sample pellets were reextracted with a 200 µL aliquot of the previously used extraction solvent mixture. Corresponding supernatants were combined after another centrifugation step and dried under a stream of nitrogen. Dried samples were reconstituted in 80 µL of 80% methanol, vortexed for 5 min, and transferred to analytical glass vials. The LC-MS/MS analysis was initiated within 1 h after the completion of the sample preparation.blankSpongilla lacustrishttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS8137Fabian Ruperti. Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg. fabian.ruperti@embl.de.Detlev Arendt. European Molecular Biology Laboratory. detlev.arendt@embl.de.Bernhard Drotleff. bernhard.drotleff@embl.de.Raw peak areas were normalized via total ion count (TIC)Agitationfabian.ruperti@embl.debernhard.drotleff@embl.deBriefly, 10 x 40 Spongilla lacustris gemmules were plated in 20 mL filtered lake water (in 55 mm culture dishes) and kept at 18 °C in the dark until usage. For controls, the medium of 5 plates was discarded and the sponges were flashfrozen immediately by dipping the bottom of the culture dishes into liquid nitrogen. To prevent thawing and potential metabolic activity, the dishes were put on metal blocks cooled to about - 80 °C by dry ice. Metal spatulas were used to scrape off the sponges and transfer into pre-cooled 2 mL cryotubes. Agitated sponges (5 replicates) (5 min, 500 rpm) were processed identically after agitation. The samples were stored at -80 °C until further processing.Metabolomicsultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometryspongeuntargeted metabolitesultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometryspongeuntargeted metabolitesLC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a Vanquish UHPLC system coupled to an Orbitrap Exploris 240 high-resolution mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) in positive and negative ESI (electrospray ionization) mode. Analytes were recorded via a full scan with a mass resolving power of 120,000 over a mass range from 60-900 m/z (scan time: 100 ms, RF lens: 70%). To obtain MS/MS fragment spectra, data-dependant acquisition was carried out (resolving power: 15,000; scan time: 22 ms; stepped collision energies [%]: 30/50/70; cycle time: 900 ms). Ion source parameters were set to the following values: spray voltage: 4100 V (positive mode) / -3500 V (negative mode), sheath gas: 30 psi, auxiliary gas: 5 psi, sweep gas: 0 psi, ion transfer tube temperature: 350 °C, vaporizer temperature: 300°C. All experimental samples were measured in a randomized manner. Pooled quality control (QC) samples were prepared by mixing equal aliquots from each processed sample. Multiple QCs were injected at the beginning of the analysis in order to equilibrate the analytical system. A QC sample was analyzed after every 5th experimental sample to monitor instrument performance throughout the sequence. For determination of background signals and subsequent background subtraction, an additional processed blank sample was recorded.HypotaurinePyridoxamineA hallmark of animals is the coordination of whole-body movement. Neurons and muscles are central to this, yet coordinated movements also exist in sponges that lack these cell types. Sponges are sessile animals with a complex canal system for filter-feeding. They undergo whole-body movements resembling "contractions" that lead to canal closure and water expulsion. Here, we combine live 3D optical coherence microscopy, pharmacology, and functional proteomics to elucidate the sequence and detail of shape changes, the tissues and molecular physiology involved, and the control of these movements. Morphometric analysis and targeted perturbation suggest that the movement is driven by the relaxation of actomyosin stress fibers in epithelial canal cells, which leads to whole-body deflation via collapse of the incurrent and expansion of the excurrent canal system. Thermal proteome profiling and quantitative phosphoproteomics confirm the control of cellular relaxation by an Akt/NO/PKG/PKA pathway. Agitation-induced deflation leads to differential phosphorylation of proteins forming epithelial cell junctions, implying their mechanosensitive role. Unexpectedly, untargeted metabolomics detect a concomitant decrease in antioxidant molecules during deflation, reflecting an increase in reactive oxygen species. Together with the secretion of proteinases, cytokines, and granulin, this indicates an inflammation-like state of the deflating sponge reminiscent of vascular endothelial cells experiencing oscillatory shear stress. These results suggest the conservation of an ancient relaxant-inflammatory response of perturbed fluid-carrying systems in animals and offer a possible mechanism for whole-body coordination through diffusible paracrine signals and mechanotransduction.Molecular profiling of sponge deflation reveals an ancient relaxant-inflammatory response.Ruperti Fabian F, Becher Isabelle I, Stokkermans Anniek A, Wang Ling L, Marschlich Nick N, Potel Clement C, Maus Emanuel E, Stein Frank F, Drotleff Bernhard B, Schippers Klaske J KJ, Nickel Michael M, Prevedel Robert R, Musser Jacob M JM, Savitski Mikhail M MM, Arendt Detlev DfalseMolecular profiling of sponge movement reveals an ancient contractile-inflammatory responseA hallmark of animals is the coordination of whole-body movement. Neurons and muscles are central to this; yet, coordinated movements also exist in sponges that lack these cell types. Sponges are sessile animals with a complex canal system for filter-feeding. They undergo whole-body movements resembling “contractions'' that lead to canal closure and water expulsion. Here, we combine 3D optical coherence microscopy, pharmacology, and functional proteomics to elucidate anatomy, molecular physiology and control of these movements. We show that, counterintuitively, the tissue-level “contractions” are driven by the relaxation of actomyosin stress fibers in epithelial canal cells, which leads to the rapid collapse of the incurrent and inflation of the excurrent system, controlled by an Akt/NO/PKG/A pathway. A concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species and secretion of proteinases and cytokines indicate an inflammation-like state reminiscent of vascular endothelial cells experiencing oscillatory shear stress. This suggests an ancient contractile-inflammatory response of perturbed fluid-carrying systems.2026-08-112024-01-08MTBLS8137MTBLC16410MTBLC1666838181793CHEBI:16410CHEBI:16668