ENAapplication/xmlftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/003/SRR5450893/SRR5450893_1.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/007/SRR5450887/SRR5450887_2.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/008/SRR5450898/SRR5450898_2.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/008/SRR5450898/SRR5450898_1.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/008/SRR5450888/SRR5450888_1.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/007/SRR5450887/SRR5450887_1.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/003/SRR5450893/SRR5450893_2.fastq.gzftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR545/008/SRR5450888/SRR5450888_2.fastq.gzprimaryOK2000000GenomicsCEN.PK113-7DDelft University of Technologyhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJNA383023Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7DBiotin prototrophy is a rare, incompletely understood and industrially relevant characteristic of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The genome of the haploid laboratory strain CEN.PK113-7D contains a full complement of biotin biosynthesis genes, but its growth in biotin-free synthetic media is extremely slow (specific growth rate µ ≈ 0.01 h-1). Four independent evolution experiments in repeated batch cultures and accelerostats yielded strains whose growth rates (µ up to 0.36 h-1) in biotin-free and biotin-supplemented medium were similar. Whole genome resequencing of these evolved strains revealed an up to 40-fold amplification of BIO1, which encodes pimeloyl-CoA synthetase. The additional copies of BIO1 were found on different chromosomes and its amplification coincided with substantial chromosomal rearrangements. A key role of this gene amplification was confirmed by overexpression of BIO1 in strain CEN.PK113-7D, which enabled growth in biotin-free medium (µ = 0.15 h-1). Mutations in the membrane-transporter genes TPO1 and/or PDR12 were found in several of the evolved strains. Deletion of TPO1 and PDR12 in a BIO1-overexpressing strain increased its specific growth rate to 0.25 h-1. The effects of null mutations in these genes, which have not been previously associated with biotin metabolism, were non-additive. This study demonstrates that S. cerevisiae strains that carry the basic genetic information for biotin synthesis can be evolved for full biotin prototrophy and identifies new targets for engineering biotin prototrophy into laboratory and industrial strains of this yeast.ENAMedobiotin, 4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid, Bru, Deacura, vitamin B7, Raw, Rombellin, Laboratory, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 'var. diastaticus', Biotine, Medebiotin, Brewer's, Roche, baker's yeast, Biotin Gelfert, Vitamin H, 5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3, 4]imidazole-4-valeric acid, Saccharomyces italicus, 4S, 4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, (3aS-(3aalpha, strain, Mutations, Baker's Yeasts, 6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3, cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3, 4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid, biotin, 5-[(3aS, Biotin, Saccharomyces diastaticus, 4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, 4beta, sequence, Biotin Ratiopharm, 6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3, cultivar, laboratory, Del(8)44H, 4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid, 6aalpha))-, Gelfert, D-Biotin, Biodermatin, Saccharomyces oviformis, Svc, Biotin-Ratiopharm, 1H-Thieno(3, Yeast, Biotin Hermes, Biotine Roche, Col4a-1, Gabunat, Coenzyme R, (3aS, cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3, biotina, hexahydro-2-oxo-, biotine, Baker, BIOTIN, 4)imidazole-4-valeric acid, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, ecotype, S. cerevisiae, 4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid, S cerevisiae, Hermes, Candida robusta, Saccharomyces capensis, (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3, cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3, Baker's, primary structure of sequence macromolecule., Mycoderma cerevisiae, biotinum, Baker's Yeast, brewer's yeast, D-(+)-biotin, Biokur, Brewer's Yeast, Baker YeastSaccharomyces oviformis, Baker's Yeasts, Yeast, S cerevisiae, Candida robusta, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccharomyces diastaticus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 'var. diastaticus', Baker's, Brewer's, S. cerevisiae., baker's yeast, Mycoderma cerevisiae, Baker, Baker's Yeast, brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, Brewer's Yeast, Saccharomyces italicus, Baker Yeast0.00.00.00.00.00falseSaccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7DLaboratory evolution of a biotin-requiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for full biotin prototrophy and identification of causal mutations (Raw sequence reads)2022-05-122017-04-19PRJNA383023889517