{"database":"Pride","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Txt":["ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/4896_proteinGroups.txt","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/Orbi4896_grouped_AggregatedBySnailIDs_Added_MQrun_Information_Corrected20231109.txt"],"Xml":["ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/mqpar.xml"],"Raw":["ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample07.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample03.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample05.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample08.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample01.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample06.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample04.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample02.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample10.raw","ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2026/09/PXD065814/20231027_coreQEP2_NiKr_LC12-17_SA_Orbi4896_Sample09.raw"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"labhead_mail":["Franziska.Jehle@mpikg.mpg.de"],"submitter":["Barbara Steigenberger"],"technology_type":["Data-dependent acquisition","Mass Spectrometry","Bottom-up proteomics"],"software":[""],"submitter_keywords":["Calcium","Multiple functions","Tunable","Collagen vi","Mucus","Hierarchical structure"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD065814"],"sample_protocol":["The mucus samples were collected as previously described and dissolved overnight in 2 mL 2 M hydroxylamine (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Germany) in 100 mM Borate Buffer (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Germany) pH 8.5 at 45 °C. Samples were then sent to the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry for tandem mass spectrometry. 500 µL of the mucus sample was mixed with an equal volume of lysin buffer containing 1% sodium deoxycholate, 40 mM 2-chloroacetamide (Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 mM Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP; Pierce™, Thermo Fisher Scientific) in 100 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0). The mixture was sonicated using a Bioruptor Plus system (Diogenode) for 10 cycles of 30 seconds at high intensity. Prior to digestion, the samples were diluted 1:4 with MS-grade water (VWR). The samples were digested at 37°C for 4 hours with 1 µg of LysC, followed by an overnight digestion with 3 µg of trypsin (Promega). The peptide solution was acidified with trifluoroacetic acid (Merck) to a final concentration of 1% and purified using SCX stage tips. Finally, the samples were vacuum-dried and reconstituted in 6 µL of buffer A (0.1% formic acid (Roth) in MS-grade water (VWR))."],"repository":["Pride"],"quantification_method":[""],"modification":[""],"data_protocol":["LC MS/MS data were acquired using a Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher) coupled with an Easy-nLC 1200 system (Thermo Fisher). Peptides were loaded onto a 30-cm column (inner diameter: 75 µm) packed in-house with ReproSil-Pur C18-AQ 1.9-µm beads (Dr. Maisch GmbH) and separated at a flow rate of 250 nL/min. A gradient was applied starting with 8% buffer B (80% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid), increasing to 30% over 120 minutes, followed by a ramp to 60% over 10 minutes, then to 95% over the next 5 minutes. Buffer B was maintained at 95% for an additional 5 minutes. The mass spectrometer operated in data-dependent acquisition mode, scanning from 300 to 1750 m/z at a resolution of 60,000 (at m/z 200). The top 15 most intense precursors were selected for fragmentation using higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) with a normalized collision energy of 28. MS2 spectra were recorded at a resolution of 15,000 (at m/z 200). The automatic gain control (AGC) targets were set to 3e6 for MS1 and 1e5 for MS2, with maximum injection times of 100 ms for MS1 and 25 ms for MS2. Dynamic exclusion was set to 30 seconds to minimize repeated sequencing of the same precursor ions. The raw data were processed using the MaxQuant computational platform (version 2.2.0.0) with default settings. DNA sequences from the whole-genome shotgun sequencing project of the “Cepaea nemoralis C981 isolate” were downloaded and translated into protein sequences using the 6-frame translation tool in MaxQuant. The peak list was searched against these protein sequences, as well as against the UniProt sequences of Cepaea nemoralis, with a precursor mass tolerance of 4.5 ppm and a fragment mass tolerance of 20 ppm. Cysteine carbamidomethylation was specified as a static modification, while methionine oxidation and N-terminal acetylation were set as variable modifications."],"omics_type":["Proteomics"],"labhead":["Franziska Jehle"],"instrument_platform":[""],"labhead_affiliation":["Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam"],"submission_type":["PARTIAL"],"species":["Cepaea Nemoralis"],"publication":["42561063 Gabler M, Raguin E, Scoppola E, Steigenberger B, Yeroslaviz A, Werner P, Fratzl P, Jehle F. Calcium tunes snail mucus-based materials to multiple functions. Science. 2026 393(6811):596-600 10.1126/science.adx7367"],"submitter_mail":["steigenberger@biochem.mpg.de"],"submitter_affiliation":["MPI of Biochemistry"],"submitter_country":["Germany"],"pubmed_abstract":["Mucus is known as a viscous fluid; yet, snails manufacture various mucus-based materials with much higher cohesion and tailored to different and even antagonistic functions, including lubrication, adhesion, protection, and defense. To gain insight into this versatility, we use a multidisciplinary approach to investigate five different mucus-based materials produced by the snail <i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>. Our results demonstrate that snails use collagen VI as a main structural component and add amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) during mucus secretion. ACC functions as an ion source in wet mucus types, most likely for cross-linking, or as a mineral precursor in dry mucus types. These findings shed light on the versatility of these viscoelastic materials, which are able to switch between very different properties on the basis of calcium and protein content."],"pubmed_title":["Calcium tunes snail mucus-based materials to multiple functions."],"pubmed_authors":["Gabler Mariella M, Raguin Emeline E, Scoppola Ernesto E, Steigenberger Barbara B, Yeroslaviz Assa A, Werner Peter P, Fratzl Peter P, Jehle Franziska F"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Calcium tunes snail mucus-based materials to multiple functions","description":"Mucus is usually associated with a viscous fluid; yet, snails routinely manufacture various astonishing mucus-based materials with properties requiring a much higher cohesion. Snail mucus materials are tailored to different and even antagonistic functions - including lubrication, adhesion, protection and defense - an ability, which is still poorly understood, and structural building blocks responsible for these functions remain elusive. Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach to investigate five different mucus-based materials produced by the terrestrial snail Cepaea nemoralis to address these questions. Our results demonstrate that snails use collagen VI as a main structural component. During mucus secretion, they add calcium, which is previously stockpiled in the gland tissue as amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) granules. Depending on the mucus type, these granules function as a temporary storage phase serving as an ion source or mineral precursor. Ca ions are known binding partners for negatively charged groups in mucus glycoproteins, directly influencing cross-link density and, thus, cohesion in most mucus types; whereas calcite serves as a reinforcing component in the adhesive mucus and epiphragm. These findings shed light on the versatility of tunable viscoelastic materials that could inspire the development of stimuli-responsive and sustainable soft materials, which are able to switch between different 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