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Briefly, NNP9 was used at 5 nmol per 10 µg protein, for 1 h at 4°C to capture native protein:protein contacts. Reactions were quenched with ammonium bicarbonate, and cross-linked complexes were purified by enhanced filter-aided sample preparation (eFASP) on photocleavable agarose beads. After on-filter tryptic digestion, peptides were released by UV irradiation (365 nm), dried, and resuspended for LC–MS/MS analysis on an Orbitrap Qexactive HF (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Data-dependent acquisition was performed in positive polarity, excluding singly and doubly charged species"],"repository":["Pride"],"quantification_method":["Not available"],"modification":[""],"data_protocol":["Data-dependent acquisition was performed in positive polarity, excluding singly and doubly charged species. Cross-links were identified using Mass Spec Studio with ±10 ppm mass tolerance and filtered to 1 % FDR. Only pairs supported by ≥2 reporter ions were accepted. Cross-linked residue pairs were mapped onto structural models using PyMOL/PyXlinkViewer, and interaction networks were visualized in Cytoscape , enabling integrative interpretation of filament architecture and inter-subunit connectivity."],"omics_type":["Proteomics"],"labhead":["Julia Chamot-Rooke"],"instrument_platform":[""],"submission_type":["PARTIAL"],"labhead_affiliation":["Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France"],"species":["Leptospira Biflexa"],"publication":["Not available"],"submitter_mail":["martial.rey@pasteur.fr"],"submitter_affiliation":["CNRS, Pasteur"],"submitter_country":["France"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Core-dependent sheath architecture dictates Leptospira endoflagellar curvature","description":"Spirochete bacteria include some of the most invasive human pathogens, causing diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis that collectively affect millions of people annually. Their unique ability to penetrate tissues and cross biological barriers depends on periplasmic flagellar filaments that transmit rotational force while maintaining precise curvature to deform the cell body [1, 2]. How these filaments achieve the mechanical properties required to drive motility has remained unclear, owing to the lack of complete high-resolution structures [3, 4]. Here we present atomic structures of complete endoflagellar filaments from Leptospira species, integrating cryo-electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. We show that these filaments possess unprecedented complexity, with more than ten distinct proteins asymmetrically sheathing the flagellin core. The isoform identity of the core flagellin is coupled to sheath organization, together dictating filament curvature. This architectural plasticity is critical for motility in viscous environments and during infection. The conservation of several core and sheath proteins across the phylum suggests that Spirochetes exploit modular core-sheath coupling to optimize motility across environments of varying viscosity, a capability critical for both environmental adaptation and tissue invasion by pathogens.","dates":{"publication":"2026-07-14","submission":"2026-01-23"},"accession":"PXD073467","cross_references":{"TAXONOMY":["NEWT:6945","NEWT:184922","NEWT:3555","NEWT:2","NEWT:157546","NEWT:35554","NEWT:38942","NEWT:307972","NEWT:32046","NEWT:544496","NEWT:2042546","NEWT:45351","NEWT:43179","NEWT:4513","NEWT:5722","NEWT:376741","NEWT:55153","NCBITaxon:10407","NEWT:1736309","NEWT:309800","NEWT:1211601","NEWT:876138","NEWT:3654","NEWT:237561","NEWT:5833","NEWT:6928","NEWT:10036","NEWT:36745","NEWT:1351","NEWT:1438992","NEWT:2649997","NEWT:272563","NEWT:224326","NCBITaxon:79857","NEWT:1096976","NEWT:95648","NEWT:3885","NEWT:3888","NEWT:1589","NEWT:135622","NCBITaxon:4896","NEWT:6915","NEWT:3649","NEWT:101510","NEWT:3880","NEWT:272559","NEWT:3641","NEWT:383379","NEWT:466585","NEWT:10029","NEWT:913645","NEWT:1000589","NEWT:85963","NEWT:85962","NEWT:317447","NEWT:7955","NEWT:7959","NEWT:2261","NEWT:31156","NEWT:398580","NEWT:4565","NEWT:1264690","NEWT:515619","NEWT:192875","NEWT:34305","NEWT:59729","NCBITaxon:183674","NEWT:224308","NEWT:84645","NEWT:626528","NEWT:139927","NEWT:4558","NEWT:209285","NEWT:5888","NEWT:1283","NEWT:931281","NEWT:4550","NEWT:1000561","NEWT:197","NEWT:1390363","NEWT:288705","NCBITaxon:79824","NEWT:4787","NCBITaxon:4563","NEWT:5755","NEWT:44689","NEWT:3218","NEWT:5759","NEWT:1736231","NEWT:1270","NEWT:374990","NEWT:2242","NEWT:4784","NEWT:11320","NEWT:360106","NEWT:286","NEWT:391619","NEWT:287","NEWT:10117","NEWT:10239","NEWT:10116","NEWT:1280","NEWT:1735272","NEWT:83334","NEWT:83332","NEWT:44685","NEWT:317513","NEWT:1148","NEWT:580240","NEWT:294128","NEWT:11676","NEWT:55571","NEWT:100226","NEWT:4530","NEWT:4896","NEWT:75058","NEWT:13616","NEWT:1390","NEWT:1094343","NEWT:296543","NEWT:1773","NEWT:1895","NEWT:1182590","NEWT:3712","NEWT:105023","NEWT:935293","NEWT:64152","NEWT:4924","NEWT:749200","NEWT:375146","NEWT:990346","NEWT:145953","NEWT:257309","NEWT:100816","NEWT:263","NEWT:230741","NEWT:52283","NEWT:284812","NCBITaxon:1313","NEWT:43330","NEWT:1603293","NEWT:408169","NEWT:44544","NEWT:4911","NEWT:645463","NEWT:3702","NEWT:129249","NEWT:243277","NEWT:990119","NEWT:408172","NEWT:408170","NEWT:493760","NEWT:260710","NEWT:257313","NEWT:400772","NEWT:3708","NEWT:128161","NEWT:332648","NEWT:106592","NEWT:536231","NEWT:460519","NEWT:1187947","NEWT:1432138","NEWT:10312","NEWT:1424507","NCBITaxon:1773","NEWT:9598","NEWT:8030","NEWT:1639","NEWT:188229","NEWT:3818","NEWT:480","NEWT:4909","NEWT:67767","NEWT:432359","NEWT:46835","NEWT:1182263","NEWT:2711","NEWT:376686","NEWT:95486","NEWT:9103","NEWT:29159","NEWT:253","NEWT:10306","NCBITaxon:2759","NEWT:1233435","NEWT:93061","NEWT:8022","NEWT:145943","NCBITaxon:4932","NEWT:595536","NEWT:240906","NEWT:593117","NEWT:89920","NEWT:3635","NEWT:5811","NEWT:235443","NEWT:272623","NEWT:272624","NEWT:411483","NEWT:884019","NEWT:198215","NEWT:411490","NEWT:983964","NEWT:169963","NEWT:32644","NEWT:225117","NEWT:499175","NEWT:109779","NEWT:476272","NEWT:3747","NEWT:195051","NEWT:367830","NEWT:1255228","NEWT:178616","NEWT:410289","NEWT:373153","NEWT:352472","NEWT:357","NEWT:360094","NEWT:470","NEWT:1313","NEWT:411469","NEWT:84023","NEWT:559292","NEWT:39491","NCBITaxon:5811","NEWT:411464","NEWT:411460","NEWT:2014887","NEWT:2762","NEWT:1174673","NEWT:562","NEWT:411470","NEWT:33952","NEWT:2094720","NCBITaxon:2697049","NEWT:571256","NEWT:28038","NEWT:1663","NEWT:1423","NEWT:4932","NEWT:3603","NEWT:2759","NEWT:3847","NEWT:327159","NEWT:178876","NEWT:327160","NEWT:573","NEWT:9031","NEWT:7091","NEWT:108931","NEWT:241368","NEWT:42528","NEWT:190802","NEWT:9778","NEWT:150475","NEWT:303","NEWT:9417","NEWT:7111","NEWT:347515","NEWT:1216979","NEWT:5180","NEWT:256737","NEWT:9541","NEWT:115104","NEWT:1121114","NEWT:663","NEWT:1081927","NEWT:1238993","NEWT:67825","NEWT:185579","NEWT:941442","NEWT:220668","NEWT:13076","NEWT:1249668","NEWT:7108","NEWT:317","NEWT:7227","NEWT:7469","NEWT:885318","NEWT:9402","NEWT:415540","NEWT:550","NEWT:675060","NEWT:4081","NEWT:334542","NEWT:554","NEWT:98334","NEWT:426428","NEWT:7574","NEWT:1715256","NEWT:7215","NEWT:575412","NEWT:29204","NEWT:2172103","NEWT:507601","NEWT:643680","NCBITaxon:6157","NEWT:746360","NEWT:6239","NEWT:470150","NEWT:216257","NEWT:102169","NEWT:9986","NEWT:4054","NEWT:73239","NEWT:226186","NEWT:1268063","NEWT:8782","NEWT:1263854","NEWT:435590","NEWT:1902","NEWT:160488","NEWT:28104","NEWT:1908","NEWT:13164","NEWT:216129","NCBITaxon:2","NEWT:985076","NEWT:1215323","NEWT:52641","NEWT:7038","NEWT:6192","NEWT:28532","NCBITaxon:38727","NEWT:353152","NEWT:2829","NEWT:366581","NEWT:216599","NEWT:216595","NEWT:1194669","NEWT:51329","NEWT:243230","NEWT:8355","NEWT:9685","NEWT:7029","NEWT:1080772","NEWT:8479","NEWT:1283300","NEWT:6183","NEWT:6063","NEWT:630","NEWT:334747","NEWT:61235","NEWT:15368","NEWT:6289","NEWT:436486","NEWT:6287","NEWT:300641","NEWT:727","NEWT:9796","NEWT:725","NEWT:170187","NEWT:469008","NEWT:260707","NEWT:256318","NCBITaxon:6191","NEWT:1836","NEWT:185431","NEWT:29760","NEWT:260704","NEWT:703612","N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