ENAGenomicsGenome Sciences Facility, Penn State College of Medicinehttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJNA124731Rattus norvegicusThe aim of this study was to identify proteomic alterations associated with functional dysregulation of the retina with diabetes that could eventually be used as surrogate endpoints in preclinical drug testing studies. A multi-modal approach of antibody (Luminex)-, electrophoresis (2-DIGE)-, and LC-MS (iTRAQ)-based quantitation methods was used to provide broad coverage of the retinal proteome. Transcriptional profiling through microarray analysis was also included to increase coverage and provide insight into potential regulation of protein expression changes at the mRNA level. The different technologies proved complementary, with limited coverage overlap between methods. Overall design: Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in 10mM sodium citrate pH 4.5 vehicle. Control rats were injected with an equal dose of vehicle only. Rats had free access to food and water, and were maintained on a 12 hour light/dark cycle. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured 6 days post-STZ or vehicle injection, and biweekly throughout the experiment. Only rats with blood glucose levels >250 mg/dL at the time of the original test and throughout the experiment were included in the diabetic groups. At the time of retina harvest, rats were given a lethal dose of pentobarbital, 100 mg/kg, (Ovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., Deerfield, IL) by intraperitoneal injection and sacrificed by decapitation. Retinas were rapidly excised snap- frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent experimentation.xref:PubMed:21249158ENAretinal abnormality - diabetes-related, Diabetic retinopathy, Retinopathy, Retinopathies, Biological Markers, Viral Marker, Viral, Surrogate Endpoints, Surrogate Endpoint, Clinical Markers, Laboratory, Immune Markers., Clinical Marker, Serum Markers, Biochemical, End Point, Endpoint, Biochemical Markers, Development, Medication, Serum, Pharmaceutical Development, Biologic Marker, Immune Marker, Surrogate End Points, Surrogate Markers, Laboratory Markers, Prediction, Marker, Biological, Surrogate End Point, diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic Retinopathies, Drug Target Prediction, Target Prediction, Drug Target Predictions, Biologic Markers, Biomarker, Serum Marker, Clinical, End Points, Surrogate, Biological Marker, Endpoints, Medication Development, Diabetic, Immunologic, Laboratory Marker, Surrogate Marker, Drug, Computational Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions, Immunologic Markers, Immune, Markers, Biochemical Marker, Pharmaceutical, Viral Markers, Drug Target, Immunologic Marker, Biologicbrown rat, Laboratory Rat., Rattus sp. strain Wistar, rat, Rat, Mus norvegicus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus norwegicus, Rats, norvegicus, Laboratory, Laboratory Rats, Norway rat, Norway Rat, Norway, Rattus rattiscus, Rattus, rat <Rattus norvegicus>, rats <Rattus norvegicus>, rats, Norway Rats, Rattus norvegicus8, Gunn ratsfalseRattus norvegicusMulti-modal proteomic target discovery and orthogonol confirmation of preclinical diabetic retinopathy drug development biomarkers2025-09-242014-02-11PRJNA124731GSE208861011621249158