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Four rabbits each received three tibial implants: turned commercially pure titanium (Ti), sandblasted/large-grit/acid-etched titanium (SLA-Ti), and turned copper (Cu). Surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. After 10 days, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA), and peri-implant transcriptomes were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes and Gene ontology (GO) enrichment were computed. SLA-Ti showed the greatest roughness. Both Ti groups yielded significantly higher BIC and BA than Cu (p < 0.001). GO terms on SLA-Ti were enriched for immune regulation and turned Cu was dominated by mitochondrial-stress pathways. Turned Ti showed minimal enrichment. SLA-Ti simultaneously up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunoregulatory genes plus stress-adaptive markers, suggesting a balanced inflammatory milieu conducive to bone formation. Turned Cu markedly elevated mitochondrial genes and oxidative-stress markers, while suppressing antioxidant and innate-defense genes, reflecting immune-metabolic dysregulation. Turned Ti induced only modest transcript changes, consistent with passive biocompatibility. Early osseointegration hinges on a finely tuned immune-metabolic equilibrium rather than surface roughness alone. Optimal integration demands implant surfaces that trigger controlled immunomodulation while limiting oxidative stress, guiding the design of next-generation dental implants. Overall design: Four rabbits each received three tibial implants: turned commercially pure titanium (Ti), sandblasted/large-grit/acid-etched titanium (SLA-Ti), and turned copper (Cu). Surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. After 10 days, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA), and peri-implant transcriptomes were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes and Gene ontology (GO) enrichment were computed."],"repository":["ENA"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Immune-Metabolic Regulation of Early Osseointegration: Insights from Untargeted RNA Sequencing","description":"Immune-Metabolic Regulation of Early Osseointegration: Insights from Untargeted RNA Sequencing","dates":{"last_updated":"2025-09-24","first_public":"2025-06-12"},"accession":"PRJNA1274405","cross_references":{"GEO":["GSE299424"],"taxon":["9986"]}}