{"database":"ENA","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Genomics","Multiomics"],"center_name":["Genomic Research Lab, Service of Infectious Diseases, Genomic Research Laboratory"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJNA195405"],"scientific_name":["Staphylococcus aureus"],"long_description":["The stringent response is initiated by rapid (p)ppGpp synthesis, which leads to a profound reprogramming of gene expression in most bacteria. The stringent phenotype seems to be species specific and may be mediated by fundamentally different molecular mechanisms. In Staphylococcus aureus, (p)ppGpp synthesis upon amino acid deprivation is achieved through the synthase domain of the bifunctional enzyme RSH (RelA/SpoT homolog). In several firmicutes, a direct link between stringent response and the CodY regulon was proposed. Wild-type strain HG001, rshSyn, codY and rshSyn, codY double mutants were analyzed by transcriptome analysis to delineate different consequences of RSH-dependent (p)ppGpp synthesis after induction of the stringent response by amino-acid deprivation. Under these conditions genes coding for major components of the protein synthesis machinery and nucleotide metabolism were down-regulated only in rsh positive strains. Genes which became activated upon (p)ppGpp induction are mostly regulated indirectly via de-repression of the GTP-responsive repressor CodY. Only seven genes, including those coding for the cytotoxic phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), were found to be up-regulated via RSH independently of CodY. qtRT-PCR analyses of hallmark genes of the stringent response indicate that an RSH activating stringent condition is induced after uptake of S. aureus in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The RSH activity in turn is crucial for intracellular expression of psms. Accordingly, rshSyn and rshSyn, codY mutants were less able to survive after phagocytosis similar to psm mutants. Intraphagosomal induction of psma1-4 and/or psmß1,2 could complement the survival of the rshSyn mutant. Thus, an active RSH synthase is required for intracellular psm expression which contributes to survival after phagocytosis. Overall design: Microarray was used to evaluate alteration in the transcriptome of codY and rsh mutants and compared to the wild type"],"tag":["pathogen:priority","pathogen:bacterium","pathogen","xref:PubMed:23209405"],"classification":["bacteria"],"repository":["ENA"],"description_synonyms":["imprinted and ancient gene protein, protoplasm, Micrococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, survival, nucleocytoplasm, death rate, time of survival, Staphilococcus aureus, imprinted and ancient gene protein homolog, IMPACT, Staphylococus aureus, Micrococcus aureus, internal to cell, E430016J11Rik, protoplast., Phagocytoses, Staphlococcus pyogenes citreus, Ximpact, RWDD5, impact-a, Streptococcus aureus"],"name_synonyms":["Staphylococus aureus, Micrococcus aureus, Micrococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, Streptococcus aureus., Staphlococcus pyogenes citreus, Staphilococcus aureus"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Staphylococcus aureus","description":"The stringent response of Staphylococcus aureus and its impact on survival after phagocytosis through the induction of intracellular PSMs expression","dates":{"last_updated":"2025-09-22","first_public":"2014-02-11"},"accession":"PRJNA195405","cross_references":{"GEO":["GSE45617"],"taxon":["1280"],"PubMed":["23209405"]}}