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How these immune components communicate during an acute DNA viral infection is not well understood. Intranasal infection of mice with vaccinia virus causes lethal pneumonia and systemic dissemination. Here we report that vaccinia host range protein C7 is a critical virulence factor. We provide evidence that lung type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) provide first-line of defense against viral infection by inducing IFN-b and IFN-stimulated genes via the activation of the MDA5 and STING-mediated nucleic acid-sensing pathways and the type I IFN positive feedback loop. This leads to the recruitment and activation of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes in the lungs, which are indispensable to fight against viral dissemination. Our data provide novel insights into how the lung AECIIs orchestrate innate immune responses to defend pulmonary viral infection. Overall design: RNAseq of delta C7 vaccinia virus infection in lung AECII cells from WT or MDA5/STING KO mice RNAseq of lung AECII cells treated with interferon beta RNAseq of lung monocytes with WT or delta C7 vaccinia virusENAType II Pneumocytes, MGC130048, host organism, Type 2 Pneumocyte, SGCG_HUMAN, Epithelial Cell, and rna binding 2, Viral Infection., CCR2B, CCR2A, A4, Virus Infection, circadian rhythm, Virus Disease, TYPE, DAGA4, ATCRR2, parenchyma of lung, Type-II, ATGPR7, 35DAG, lung, Virus, Virus Infections, GRP7, MAM, gamma-SG, Ckr2b, neoplasm, SCG3, Ckr2a, Ccr2b, Type I Pneumocytes, Ccr2a, gamma sarcoglycan, viral infection, Viral Diseases, Viruses, Infections, mJe-r, Type 2 Pneumocytes, Type 1 Pneumocytes, Pneumocyte, T16B24_18, Alveolar, Monocyte, Type-II Pneumocytes, ATGRP7, CKR2B, Epithelial Cells, GLYCINE RICH PROTEIN 7, CKR2A, Pneumocytes, gamma-sarcoglycan, Alveolar Cell, Type-II Pneumocyte, Disease, Viral, pulmo, 35 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, Type-I Pneumocyte, SG-gamma, lung parenchyma, CMKBR2, CRINKLY4 related 2, CKR2, infections, ATCCR2, Cell, T16B24.18, SGCG, LGMD2C, Acute onset, Type-I, Alveolar Cells, F23A5.17, Cmkbr2, Ckr2, CC-CKR-2, Diseases, Infection, sarcoglycan, F23A5_17, GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7, neoplasms, Alveolar Epithelial Cell, Cc-ckr-2, CD192, DMDA1, cold, Viral Infections, Viral Disease, GR-RBP7, Type-I Pneumocytes, Type 2, CCR-2, gamma (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein), Type 1, Alveolar Epithelial, DMDA, F2G1.4, pulmonary, 35kD dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, SCARMD2, Cells, cinnamoyl coa reductase, MCP-1-R, Lungs, virulence, Type 1 PneumocyteType II Pneumocytes, MGC130048, host organism, Type 2 Pneumocyte, SGCG_HUMAN, Epithelial Cell, and rna binding 2, Viral Infection., CCR2B, CCR2A, A4, Virus Infection, circadian rhythm, Virus Disease, TYPE, DAGA4, ATCRR2, parenchyma of lung, Type-II, ATGPR7, 35DAG, lung, Virus, Virus Infections, GRP7, MAM, gamma-SG, Ckr2b, neoplasm, SCG3, Ckr2a, Ccr2b, Type I Pneumocytes, Ccr2a, gamma sarcoglycan, viral infection, Viral Diseases, Viruses, Infections, mJe-r, Type 2 Pneumocytes, Type 1 Pneumocytes, Pneumocyte, T16B24_18, Alveolar, Monocyte, Type-II Pneumocytes, ATGRP7, CKR2B, Epithelial Cells, GLYCINE RICH PROTEIN 7, CKR2A, Pneumocytes, gamma-sarcoglycan, Alveolar Cell, Type-II Pneumocyte, Disease, Viral, pulmo, 35 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, Type-I Pneumocyte, SG-gamma, lung parenchyma, CMKBR2, CRINKLY4 related 2, CKR2, infections, ATCCR2, Cell, T16B24.18, SGCG, LGMD2C, Acute onset, Type-I, Alveolar Cells, F23A5.17, Cmkbr2, Ckr2, CC-CKR-2, Diseases, Infection, sarcoglycan, F23A5_17, GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7, neoplasms, Alveolar Epithelial Cell, Cc-ckr-2, CD192, DMDA1, cold, Viral Infections, Viral Disease, GR-RBP7, Type-I Pneumocytes, Type 2, CCR-2, gamma (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein), Type 1, Alveolar Epithelial, DMDA, F2G1.4, pulmonary, 35kD dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, SCARMD2, Cells, cinnamoyl coa reductase, MCP-1-R, Lungs, virulence, Type 1 PneumocytefalseLung type II alveolar epithelial cells collaborate with CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes in host defense against acute viral infectionLung type II alveolar epithelial cells collaborate with CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes in host defense against acute viral infection2025-09-242020-09-23PRJNA664698GSE1582671009035351885