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We investigated the bacterial communities inhabiting the hair of two- (Choloepus Hoffmani) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths, and evaluated their potential for producing antibiotic molecules capable of exerting control over the hair microbiota. The analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) revealed that the communities in both host species are dominated by Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, sharing nearly 50% of the ASVs. The most abundant genera were Brevibacterium, Kocuria/Rothia, Staphylococcus, Rubrobacter, Nesterenkonia, and Janibacter. In addition, we isolated nine strains of Brevibacterium and Rothia able to produce substances that inhibited the growth of common mammalian pathogens. The analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) of these nine isolates suggest that the pathogen-inhibitory activity could be mediated by the presence of siderophores, terpenes, beta-lactones, Type III polyketide synthases (T3PKS), ribosomally synthesized, and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), non-alpha poly-amino acids (NAPAA) like e-Polylysin, ectoine or nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). Our data suggest that Micrococcales inhabiting sloth hair could have a role in controlling microbial populations in that habitat, improving our understanding of this highly complex ecosystem.ENAantibiotic, fur, setulae, Microbial Community Composition, Community Composition, antibiotique, antimicrobials, Compounds, PCSK3, nucleocapsid, antimicrobial agents, Antibacterial Agent, Microbial, Anti Mycobacterial Agents, Human, Agent, microbicides, prohormone convertase 3, Anti Mycobacterial Agent, Sloth., core, Antibiotic, microbicide, Bacteriocidal, PACE, Bacteriocidal Agents, Bacteriocide, Anti Bacterial Agent, Bacteriocides, Anti-Mycobacterial Agent, Microbial Communities, Antimycobacterial, antibiotics, Microbiome, 9130404I01Rik, antimicrobial, Antimycobacterial Agents, Anti Bacterial Agents, whisker, Microbiomes, Microbial Community Compositions, Antibacterial, Microbial Community, SPC1, coat/ hair, Antibiotika, Microbial Community Structure, vibrissa, Community Structure, hair, Anti Bacterial Compounds, Anti Bacterial Compound, Anti-Mycobacterial, microchaeta, Anti-Bacterial Compounds, Bacteriocidal Agent, Antibacterial Agents, Anti-Bacterial Agent, Composition, FUR, Fur, Anti-Bacterial, Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial Agents, Compound, quill, Microbial Community Structures, Antimycobacterial Agent, Microbiotas, Antibiotics, Anti-Bacterial Compound, Micrococcineae, coat hair, Human Microbiomes, Community, Human Microbiome, Pcsk3, AntibiotikumfalseAntibiotic-producing Micrococcales govern the core microbiome that inhabits the fur of two- and three-toed sloths2023-05-192022-03-24PRJNA804868