Dataset Information

Identification of response genes upon neuronal activation in mouse cortical neurons

ABSTRACT: We search for developmental changes specific to humans by examining gene expression profiles in the human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque prefrontal and cerebellar cortex. In both brain regions, developmental patterns were more evolved in humans than in chimpanzees. The major human specific genes in prefrontal cortex was enriched in neuronal functions and regulated by several transcription factors, which were previously implicated in regulation of neuronal functions. To confirm neuronal function of the human prefrontal cortex specific genes, we identifed response genes upon neuronal activation in mouse cortical neurons. Our results show that human specific genes are enriched in the response genes upon neuronal activation, implying the function of human prefrontal cortex specific genes in synaptic development. The cortical neurons from E15 mouse were isolated and cultured. We then exposed neurons to bicuculline (Bic), or potassium chloride (KCl), or without treatment. The cultured neurons under each group were hybridized to Agilent whole mouse genome oligo microarray (4x44k).

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PRJNA128437PRJNA142873PRJNA142871PRJNA129099PRJNA140341PRJNA129077

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus

SUBMITTER: Xiling Liu Philipp Khaitovich Mehmet Somel Zilong Qiu

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-29139 | ArrayExpress | 2012-02-02

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): GSE29139PRJNA142873

REPOSITORIES: GEO, ArrayExpress

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Publications

Extension of cortical synaptic development distinguishes humans from chimpanzees and macaques.

Liu Xiling X Somel Mehmet M Tang Lin L Yan Zheng Z Jiang Xi X Guo Song S Yuan Yuan Y He Liu L Oleksiak Anna A Zhang Yan Y Li Na N Hu Yuhui Y Chen Wei W Qiu Zilong Z Pääbo Svante S Khaitovich Philipp P

Genome research 20120202 4

Over the course of ontogenesis, the human brain and human cognitive abilities develop in parallel, resulting in a phenotype strikingly distinct from that of other primates. Here, we used microarrays and RNA-sequencing to examine human-specific gene expression changes taking place during postnatal brain development in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. We show that the most prominent human-specific expression change affects genes associated with syna ...[more]

PMID: 22300767

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Project description:The human prefrontal cortex has been considered different in several aspects and relatively enlarged compared to the rest of the cortical areas. Here we determine whether the white and gray matter of the prefrontal portion of the human cerebral cortex have similar or different cellular compositions relative to the rest of the cortical regions by applying the Isotropic Fractionator to analyze the distribution of neurons along the entire anteroposterior axis of the cortex, and its relationship with the degree of gyrification, number of neurons under the cortical surface, and other parameters. The prefrontal region shares with the remainder of the cerebral cortex (except for occipital cortex) the same relationship between cortical volume and number of neurons. In contrast, both occipital and prefrontal areas vary from other cortical areas in their connectivity through the white matter, with a systematic reduction of cortical connectivity through the white matter and an increase of the mean axon caliber along the anteroposterior axis. These two parameters explain local differences in the distribution of neurons underneath the cortical surface. We also show that local variations in cortical folding are neither a function of local numbers of neurons nor of cortical thickness, but correlate with properties of the white matter, and are best explained by the folding of the white matter surface. Our results suggest that the human cerebral cortex is divided in two zones (occipital and non-occipital) that differ in how neurons are distributed across their gray matter volume and in three zones (prefrontal, occipital, and non-occipital) that differ in how neurons are connected through the white matter. Thus, the human prefrontal cortex has the largest fraction of neuronal connectivity through the white matter and the smallest average axonal caliber in the white matter within the cortex, although its neuronal composition fits the pattern found for other, non-occipital areas.

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	E-GEOD-29139.README.txt	Txt
	E-GEOD-29139.idf.txt	Idf
	E-GEOD-29139.processed.1.zip	Processed
	E-GEOD-29139.raw.1.zip	Raw
	E-GEOD-29139.sdrf.txt	Txt