The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) controls diacylglycerol kinase in neurons
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: 
Ricardos Tabet Nicolas Vitale Dimitri Heintz Laetitia Fouillen Doulaye Dembele Herve M Moine Eric Flatter Hervé Moine Jean-Louis Mandel Violaine Alunni
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-51649 | ArrayExpress | 2016-06-01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): GSE51649PRJNA224197
REPOSITORIES: GEO, ArrayExpress
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Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a rare disease but is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and a leading cause of autism. FXS is due to the absence of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein mainly involved in translational control. Even if this molecular defect is known, no specific therapy is available for FXS. The first alteration observed in the brain of FXS patients and of Fmr1 KO mice, model for FXS, is represented by an abnormal dendritic morphology that is associated with an altered synaptic plasticity. These findings led to numerous studies focused on mature neurons. However, recently, an increasing body of evidence is pointing out the importance of FMRP in the early steps of brain development. Thus, with the purpose to decipher the earliest molecular events leading to FXS we developed a stem-cell-based disease model by knocking-down the expression of Fmr1 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. To gain insights in the pathways that are affected when FMRP is repressed, we performed a gene expression profile analysis comparing total RNA from shFmr1 and shControl ES cells using whole genome mouse microarrays. Transcripts were clustered according to their Gene Ontology classification using the DAVID software. Surprisingly, the most altered functional category was Nervous system development and function, highlighting the role of FMRP also during the earliest steps of neural development. To study the precise role of FMRP in Embryonic stem (ES) cells, we used an RNAi-based loss-of-function strategy by transducing mouse ES cells with a lentivirus expressing GFP and a shRNA targeting the constitutive exon 1 of Fmr1 (shFmr1). A random shRNA (shCT) was used as a control sequence. Transduced cells were sorted by flow cytometry and established as non-clonal cell populations. RNA samples were harvested and profiling experiments were performed in “dye-balance” as indicated for each replicate.
2016-07-04 | E-GEOD-71184 | ArrayExpress
Project description:The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, FMRP, is thought to regulate the translation of a specific set of neuronal mRNAs on polyribosomes. Therefore, we prepared polyribosomes on sucrose gradients and purified mRNA specifically from these fractions, as well as the total mRNA levels, to determine whether a set of mRNAs might be changed in its % association with polyribosomes in the absence of FMRP in the KO mouse model. No significant differences were found, other than the Fmr1 transcript itself, in total mRNA levels or % polyribosome association that withstood multiple test correction, in P7 Fmr1 KO mouse cerebral cortex compared with WT littermates.. We prepared polyribosomes on sucrose gradients from 6 littermate pairs of Fmr1 KO and WT littermates (FVB background, P7 males, cerebral cortex) and purified RNA from both polyribosomal fractions and input to the gradient, reflecting total mRNA levels for comparison.
2011-07-20 | E-GEOD-26745 | ArrayExpress
Project description:FMRP loss-of-function causes Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and autistic features. FMRP is a polyribosome-associated neuronal RNA-binding protein, suggesting that it plays a key role in regulating neuronal translation, but there has been little consensus regarding either its RNA targets or mechanism of action. Here we use high throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) to identify FMRP interactions with mouse brain polyribosomal mRNAs. FMRP interacts with the coding region of transcripts encoding pre- and postsynaptic proteins, and transcripts implicated in autism spectrum disorders Polyribosomes were prepared from UV254-crosslinked pooled littermate FVB mouse brains as described in detail in published paper PMID 21784246. Polyribosomes were dissociated under denaturing conditions using two different protocols to disrupt ribonucleoprotein complexes. In most experiments Fmr1-null littermates were used in parallel to confirm FMRP specificity. After mild RNAse treatment to reduce the size of RNA to 60-100 nucleotides, endogenous FMRP was immunoprecipitated with one of two antibody combinations, either mixed monoclonal antibodies 7G1-1 and 2F5, or polyclonal antibody ab17722 (Abcam). The ages of the mice were P11, P13, P14, P15, and P25. In addition, to assess a different neuronal polysome-associated protein, as another control, lysates prepared from two samples, the P11 and P13 mice, were split in half and one half IPed with a human anti-Hu antisera as the neuronal Hu proteins are polysome-associated in brain. In sum, 7 FMRP HITS-CLIP experiments were performed including (1) P14 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 1 and IPed with 7G1-1/2F5 (2) P14 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 1 and IPed with ab17722 (3) P15 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 1 and IPed with 7G1-1/2F5 (4) P25 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 1 and IPed with 7G1-1/2F5 (5) P25 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 1 and IPed with ab17722 (6) P11 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 2 and IPed with ab17722 and (7) P13 mouse polysomes prepared by Protocol 2 and IPed with ab17722. FMRP-bound or Hu-bound RNA tags were cloned and submitted for high throughput sequencing on the Life Science 454 platform (samples 1-5) or the Illumina platform (samples 6 and 7 and the 2 Hu samples processed in parallel with samples 6 and 7). Full details are given in PMID 21784246.
2013-03-15 | E-GEOD-45148 | ArrayExpress
Project description:RNA microarray was used to analyze the differentialy expressed genes between stably transfected HEK293T cells of the overexpression of the new FMRP isoform with 297 amino acid and stably transfected HEK293T cells of empty lentiviral vector. we constructed the lentiviral vector of exons 1-9 together with the sequence of 140bp fragment of human FMR1 gene to overexpress the truncated FMRP with 297 amino acid, and transfected cells with the void plasmid pLEX-MCS were regarded as control group. Overall design: stably transfected HEK293T cells of empty lentiviral vector and the overexpression of the new FMRP isoform were for RNA extraction and hybirdization on Affymetrix microarrays.
| GSE101830 | GEO
Project description:Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS) is a multi-organ disease leading to mental retardation, macro-orchidism in males, and premature ovarian insufficiency in female carriers. FXS is also a prominent monogenic disease associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). FXS is typically caused by the loss of FRAGILE X-MENTAL RETARDATION 1 (FMR1) expression, which encodes for the RNA-binding protein (RBP), FMR1 (or FMRP). We report the discovery of the RNA recognition elements (RREs), binding sites, and mRNA targets for wild-type and I304N mutant FMRP isoforms as well as its paralogs, FXR1 and FXR2. RRE frequency, ratio, and distribution determine target mRNA association with FMRP. Among highly-enriched targets, we identified many genes involved in ASD and demonstrate that FMRP can affect their protein levels in cell culture, mice, and human brain. Unexpectedly, we discovered that these targets are also dysregulated in Fmr1-/- mouse ovaries, showing signs of premature follicular overdevelopment. These results indicate that FMRP targets shared signaling pathways across different cellular contexts. As it is become increasingly appreciated that signaling pathways are important to FXS and ASD, our results here provide an invaluable molecular guide towards the pursuit of novel therapeutic targets for these devastating neurological disorders. PAR-CLIP profiling for wild-type and I304N mutant FMRP isoforms as well as paralogs, FXR1 and FXR2.
2012-12-13 | E-GEOD-39682 | ArrayExpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE26742: Determination of the relative abundance of mRNAs in a polyribosome-associated pool GSE26745: Comparison of total and polyribosome-associated mRNA levels in male Fmr1 KO mice and male WT littermates Refer to individual Series
2011-07-20 | E-GEOD-26809 | ArrayExpress
Project description:Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS) is a multi-organ disease leading to mental retardation, macro-orchidism in males, and premature ovarian insufficiency in female carriers. FXS is also a prominent monogenic disease associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). FXS is typically caused by the loss of FRAGILE X-MENTAL RETARDATION 1 (FMR1) expression, which encodes for the RNA-binding protein (RBP), FMR1 (or FMRP). We report the discovery of the RNA recognition elements (RREs), binding sites, and mRNA targets for wild-type and I304N mutant FMRP isoforms as well as its paralogs, FXR1 and FXR2. RRE frequency, ratio, and distribution determine target mRNA association with FMRP. Among highly-enriched targets, we identified many genes involved in ASD and demonstrate that FMRP can affect their protein levels in cell culture, mice, and human brain. Unexpectedly, we discovered that these targets are also dysregulated in Fmr1-/- mouse ovaries, showing signs of premature follicular overdevelopment. These results indicate that FMRP targets shared signaling pathways across different cellular contexts. As it is become increasingly appreciated that signaling pathways are important to FXS and ASD, our results here provide an invaluable molecular guide towards the pursuit of novel therapeutic targets for these devastating neurological disorders. The mRNA profile of RNA recovered from FLAG-antibody immunoprecipitated FMRP was compared to the mRNA profile of the starting lysate material.
2012-12-13 | E-GEOD-39504 | ArrayExpress
Project description:Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), an epigenetic regulator of mRNA transcription. Here we report a test of the hypothesis of shared pathophysiology of Rett syndrome and fragile X, another monogenic cause of autism and intellectual disability. In fragile X, the loss of the mRNA translational repressor FMRP leads to exaggerated protein synthesis downstream of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). We found that mGluR5- and protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity is similarly altered in area CA1 of Mecp2 KO mice. CA1 pyramidal cell-type-specific, genome-wide profiling of ribosome-bound mRNAs was performed in wild-type and Mecp2 KO hippocampal CA1 neurons to reveal the MeCP2-regulated ‘translatome’. We found significant overlap between ribosome-bound transcripts overexpressed in the Mecp2 KO and FMRP mRNA targets. These tended to encode long genes that are functionally related to either cytoskeleton organization or the development of neuronal connectivity. In the Fmr1 KO mouse, chronic treatment with mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) has been shown to ameliorate many mutant phenotypes by correcting excessive protein synthesis. In the Mecp2 KO mice we found that mGluR5 NAM treatment significantly reduces the level of overexpressed ribosome-associated transcripts, particularly those that are also FMRP targets. Some Rett phenotypes were also ameliorated by treatment, most notably hippocampal cell size and life span. Together, these results suggest a potential mechanistic link between MeCP2-mediated transcription regulation and mGluR5/FMRP-mediated protein translation regulation through co-regulation of a subset of genes relevant to synaptic functions. Overall design: TRAP-seq analysis of the effect of negative modulator of mGluR5 on the CA1 neurons (marked by Cck-EGFP-L10a) of a mouse model of Rett syndrome
| GSE82068 | GEO
Project description:Widespread misregulation of histone modifcations occur in FXS, most notably increases in marks associated with active transcription. Overall design: 7DIV cultured cortical neurons from WT or Fmr1 KO mice were processed for H3K4me3 and H3K27ac ChIP. In addition, neurons sorted from cerebellar tissue from WT and Fmr1 KO BAC-TRAP NeuroD1 P15 mice were used for H3K4me3 ChIP, performed in triplicate
| GSE81911 | GEO
Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one of the most prevalent inherited intellectual disabilities. The patients carry the expansion of over 200 CGG repeats located at the 5′ untranslated region of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1). As a result, the FMR1 promoter becomes hypermethylated leading to decreased or absent expression of its encoded RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We previously generated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts of a FXS patient (FXS-iPSC) with expanded CGG-repeats at the FMR1 promoter. In the present work, we explored the transcriptional misregulation during the embryonic neurogenesis by in-vitro differentiation of FXS-iPSC into neurons through the intermediate stages. At each differentiation stage, we collected RNA and performed RNA-seq. After an integrated analysis, we found up-regulation of many genes encoding TFs for neuronal differentiation (WNT1, BMP4, POU3F4, TFAP2C, and PAX3), down-regulation of potassium channels (KCNA1, KCNC3, KCNG2, KCNIP4, KCNJ3, KCNK9, and KCNT1) and altered temporal regulation of SHANK1 and NNAT in FXS-iPSC derived neurons, indicating impaired neuronal differentiation and function in FXS patients. Furthermore, we found the cholesterol synthesis genes (e.g., SQLE, LSS, and FASN) are up-regulated during the in-vitro neuronal differentiation of FXS-iPSC, which may contribute to the obesity phenotype of FXS patients. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the FMRP deficiency in FXS patients has significant impact on the gene expression patterns during development, and also discovered many potential candidate genes for the cure of FXS symptoms such as neuronal abnormalities and obesity. Overall design: Eight samples at four different time including iPSC, iPSC aggregates, neuroepithelia aggregates, neuron.
| GSE76490 | GEO