Project description:Neurons within the cerebellum form temporal-spatial connections through the cerebellum, and the entire brain. Organoid models provide an opportunity to model the early differentiation of the developing human cerebellum, which is difficult to study in vivo, and affords the opportunity to study neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases of the cerebellum. Previous cerebellar organoid models focused on early neuron generation and single cell activity. Here, we modify previous protocols to generate more mature cerebellar organoids that allow for the establishment of several classes of mature neurons during cerebellar differentiation and development, including the establishment of neural networks during whole organoid maturation. This will provide a means to study the generation of several more mature cerebellar cell types, including Purkinje cells, granule cells, interneurons expression as well as neuronal communication for biomedical, clinical, and pharmaceutical application.
Project description:The histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase Kdm6b (Jmjd3) can promote cellular differentiation, however its physiological functions in neurons remain to be fully determined. We studied the expression and function of Kdm6b in differentiating granule neurons of the developing postnatal mouse cerebellum. At postnatal day 7, Kdm6b is expressed throughout the layers of the developing cerebellar cortex, but its expression is upregulated in newborn cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Atoh1-Cre mediated conditional knockout of Kdm6b in CGN precursors either alone or in combination with Kdm6a did not disturb the gross morphological development of the cerebellum. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of Kdm6b in cultured CGN precursors did not alter the induced expression of early neuronal marker genes upon cell cycle exit. By contrast, knockdown of Kdm6b significantly impaired the induction of a mature neuronal gene expression program, which includes gene products required for functional synapse maturation. Loss of Kdm6b also impaired the ability of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) to induce expression of Grin2c and Tiam1 in maturing CGNs. Taken together, these data reveal a previously unknown role for Kdm6b in the postmitotic stages of CGN maturation and suggest that Kdm6b may work, at least in part, by a transcriptional mechanism that promotes gene sensitivity to regulation by BDNF.
Project description:This laboratory studies the role of carbohydrates in the development of the central nervous system. Comparison of glycosyltransferase gene expression in developing rodent cerebellum with the aim of understanding the regulation of tissue-specific glycans RNA from adult and postnatal day 7 BALB/c mouse cerebellum was extracted and analyzed for differences in glycosyltransferase expression. Three replicate samples were processed for each age group and hybridized to the GLYCOv2 array.
Project description:Mardinoglu2015 - Tissue-specific genome-scale
metabolic network - Cerebellum
This model is described in the article:
The gut microbiota modulates
host amino acid and glutathione metabolism in mice.
Mardinoglu A, Shoaie S, Bergentall
M, Ghaffari P, Zhang C, Larsson E, Bäckhed F, Nielsen
J.
Mol. Syst. Biol. 2015; 11(10):
834
Abstract:
The gut microbiota has been proposed as an environmental
factor that promotes the progression of metabolic diseases.
Here, we investigated how the gut microbiota modulates the
global metabolic differences in duodenum, jejunum, ileum,
colon, liver, and two white adipose tissue depots obtained from
conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ-free (GF) mice using
gene expression data and tissue-specific genome-scale metabolic
models (GEMs). We created a generic mouse metabolic reaction
(MMR) GEM, reconstructed 28 tissue-specific GEMs based on
proteomics data, and manually curated GEMs for small intestine,
colon, liver, and adipose tissues. We used these functional
models to determine the global metabolic differences between
CONV-R and GF mice. Based on gene expression data, we found
that the gut microbiota affects the host amino acid (AA)
metabolism, which leads to modifications in glutathione
metabolism. To validate our predictions, we measured the level
of AAs and N-acetylated AAs in the hepatic portal vein of
CONV-R and GF mice. Finally, we simulated the metabolic
differences between the small intestine of the CONV-R and GF
mice accounting for the content of the diet and relative gene
expression differences. Our analyses revealed that the gut
microbiota influences host amino acid and glutathione
metabolism in mice.
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Project description:The Affymetrix GeneChip Mu11K was used to analyze the gene expression profile in developing mouse cerebellum (two GeneChips per E18, P7, P14, P21, and P56) to assist in the understanding of the genetic basis of cerebellar development in mice. The analysis showed 81.6% (10,321/12,654) of the genes represented on the GeneChip were expressed in the postnatal cerebellum, and among those, 8.7% (897/10,321) were differentially expressed with more than a two-fold change in their maximum and minimum expression levels during the developmental time course. The expression data (mean signal in relative unit) of all of these 897 differentially expressed genes were listed in GSM50(for E18), GSM51(for P7), GSM52(for P14), GSM53(for P21), and GSM54(for P56) as well as our homepage at http://www.brain.riken.go.jp/labs/lm Keywords = mouse cerebellum development