Project description:Abstract:
Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggest that the immune response to cancer is not exclusively anti-tumor. Indeed, the pro-tumor roles of the immune system - as suppliers of growth and pro-angiogenic factors or defenses against cytotoxic immune attacks, for example - have been long appreciated, but relatively few theoretical works have considered their effects. Inspired by the recently proposed "immune-mediated" theory of metastasis, we develop a mathematical model for tumor-immune interactions at two anatomically distant sites, which includes both anti- and pro-tumor immune effects, and the experimentally observed tumor-induced phenotypic plasticity of immune cells (tumor "education" of the immune cells). Upon confrontation of our model to experimental data, we use it to evaluate the implications of the immune-mediated theory of metastasis. We find that tumor education of immune cells may explain the relatively poor performance of immunotherapies, and that many metastatic phenomena, including metastatic blow-up, dormancy, and metastasis to sites of injury, can be explained by the immune-mediated theory of metastasis. Our results suggest that further work is warranted to fully elucidate the pro-tumor effects of the immune system in metastatic cancer.
Project description:To determine the lncRNA expression profile in Lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) with or without lymph node metastasis and matched non-tumor tissues, we uesed lncRNA microArray analysis form Arraystar to examine the expression of lncRNAs in LAD with or without lymph node metastasis and matched non-tumor tissues.
Project description:HSC-3-5 cells, which drived from human HSC-3 cells via transwell invasion assay was high invasive.Tumor cells were injected into the tongue of SCID mice. After 1 week, transcriptional profiling of human HSC-3 tumor comparing with high invasive HSC-3-5 tumor. Goal was to determine the effects of invasion on global HSC-3-5 gene expression during tumor metastasis. HSC-3 and HSC-3-5 oral cancer cells were respectively injected into the tongue of SCID mice. After 1 weeks, total RNA was respectively extracted from the tumor tissue on tongue of SCID mice for gene expression profiling during metastasis. Briefly, two-condition experiment,HSC-3 vs. HSC-3-5 cells.
Project description:Identifying the gene expression alterations that occur in both the tumor and stroma is essential to understanding tumor biology. We have developed a dual-species microarray analysis method that allows the dissection of both tumor and stromal gene expression profiles from xenograft models, based on limited interspecies cross-hybridization on Illumina gene expression beadchips. This methodology allows for simultaneous genome-wide analysis of gene expression profiles of both tumor cells and the associated stromal tissue. Data is provided regarding the crosshybridization of mouse liver RNA on human microarray, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line RNA on mouse microarray. Data is also provided for comparisons of MDA-MB-231 gene expression in vitro vs. in vivo, and mouse liver gene expression in control mice vs. stroma from MDA-MB-231 xenograft liver metastasis in tumor bearing mice A total of 18 samples were analyzed. Samples consist of 6 different types with each type in triplicate. Types are (1) MDA-MB-231 cell line grown in vitro and arrayed on mouse chips, (2) mouse liver from NOD/SCID mice arrayed on human chips, (3) MDA-MB-231 cell line grown in vitro arrayed on human chips, (4) MDA-MB-231 xenograft liver metastasis arrayed on human chips, (5) mouse liver from NOD/SCID mice arrayed on mouse chips, and (6) MDA-MB-231 xenograft liver metastasis arrayed on mouse chips. The overall design had three objectives: (1) to determine crosshybridizing probes based on sample types 1, 2, 3, and 5, (2) detect stromal and tumor expression using sample types 4 and 6, and (3) determine genes differentially expressed in tumor or metastasis compared to normal by comparing sample types 3 and 4 and comparing sample types 1 and 5.
Project description:HSC-3-5 cells, which drived from human HSC-3 cells via transwell invasion assay was high invasive.Tumor cells were injected into the flank of SCID mice. After 6 weeks, transcriptional profiling of human HSC-3 tumor comparing with high invasive HSC-3-5 tumor. Goal was to determine the effects of invasion on global HSC-3-5 gene expression during tumor metastasis. HSC-3 and HSC-3-5 oral cancer cells were respectively injected into the flank and tongue of SCID mice. After 1 and 6 weeks, total RNA was respectively extracted from the tumor tissue on tongue and flank of SCID mice for gene expression profiling during metastasis. Briefly, two-condition experiment,HSC-3 vs. HSC-3-5 cells.
Project description:Breast cancer metastasis to bone is a critical determinant of long-term survival after treatment of primary tumors. We used a mouse model of spontaneous bone metastasis to determine new molecular mechanisms. Differential transcriptome comparisons of primary and metastatic tumor cells revealed that a substantial set of genes suppressed in bone metastases were highly enriched for promoter elements for the type I interferon (IFN) regulatory factor, Irf7, itself suppressed in mouse and human metastases. The critical function of the Irf7 pathway was demonstrated by restoration of exogenous Irf7 or systemic interferon administration, which significantly reduced bone metastases and prolonged metastasis-free survival. Using mice deficient in the type I receptor (Ifnar1-/-) or mature B, T and NK cell responses (NOD Scid IL-2rγ-/- mice), we demonstrated that Irf7-driven suppression of metastasis was reliant on IFN signaling to host immune cells. Metastasis suppression correlated with decreased accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and increased CD4++, CD8 T cells and NK cells in the peripheral blood and was reversed by depletion of CD8+ cells and NK cells. Clinical importance of our findings was demonstrated as increased primary tumor Irf7 expression predicted prolonged bone and lung metastasis-free survival. Thus we report for the first time, a novel innate immune pathway, intrinsic to breast cancer cells, whose suppression in turn restricts systemic immunosurveillance to enable metastasis. This pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic target for restricting breast cancer metastases. Microarrays were used to profile transcriptional alterations inherent in tumor cells growing in bone when compared to matched primary tumor cells in the 4T1.2 murine mammary tumor model. Primary and metastasized tumor were isolated from the same mouse with 4 independent biological replicates.
Project description:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an aggressive sarcoma. Comprehensive proteomic profiles of 23 MPNST tumor specimens were obtained using LC-MS/MS. Among 23 tumor specimens, 13 patients showed favorable prognosis and 10 did local recurrence/distant metastasis.