Project description:Pandemic influenza viruses modulate pro-inflammatory responses that can lead to immunopathogenesis. We present an extensive and systematic profiling of lipids, metabolites and proteins in respiratory compartments of ferrets infected with either 1918 or 2009 human pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses. Integrative analysis of high-throughput omics data with virologic and histopathologic data uncovered relationships between host responses and phenotypic outcomes of viral infection. Pro-inflammatory lipid precursors in the trachea following 1918 infection correlated with severe tracheal lesions. Using an algorithm to infer cell quantities changes from gene expression data, we found enrichment of distinct T cell subpopulations in the trachea. There was also a predicted increase in inflammatory monocytes in the lung of 1918 virus-infected animals that was sustained throughout infection. This study presents a unique resource to the influenza research community and demonstrates the utility of an integrative systems approach for characterization of lipid metabolism alterations underlying respiratory responses to viruses.
Project description:Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease with limited therapeutic options. Identifying transcriptional alterations within non-immune populations of HS lesions versus healthy controls could identify novel targets for therapy. We profiled subsets sorted as live, CD45 negative cells from biopsies of inflammatory lesions of three patients with HS and six specimens from healthy controls to determine what cell types and pathways were altered in HS inflammatory lesions.
Project description:This data set was downloaded from MetaboLights (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/) accession number MTBLS196 Abstract:Pandemic influenza viruses modulate pro-inflammatory responses that can lead to immunopathogenesis. We present an extensive and systematic profiling of lipids, metabolites and proteins in respiratory compartments of ferrets infected with either 1918 or 2009 human pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses. Integrative analysis of high-throughput omics data with virologic and histopathologic data uncovered relationships between host responses and phenotypic outcomes of viral infection. Pro-inflammatory lipid precursors in the trachea following 1918 infection correlated with severe tracheal lesions. Using an algorithm to infer cell quantities changes from gene expression data, we found enrichment of distinct T cell subpopulations in the trachea. There was also a predicted increase in inflammatory monocytes in the lung of 1918 virus-infected animals that was sustained throughout infection. This study presents a unique resource to the influenza research community and demonstrates the utility of an integrative systems approach for characterization of lipid metabolism alterations underlying respiratory responses to viruses.
Project description:Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease with limited therapeutic options. We and others have previously identified an abnormal B cell infiltrate within HS lesional skin. We performed scRNASequencing on CD3 negative cells from inflammatory HS skin lesions, healthy control skin and matched blood to better understand infiltrating B cells amongst other immune cells within lesional skin.
Project description:During pneumonic plague, the bacterium Yersinia pestis elicits the development of inflammatory lung lesions that continue to expand throughout infection. This lesion development and persistence is poorly understood. Here, we examine spatially distinct regions of lung lesions using laser capture microdissection and RNAseq analysis to identify transcriptional differences between lesion microenvironments. We show that cellular pathways involved in leukocyte migration and apoptosis are down regulated in the center of lung lesions compared to the periphery. Probing for the bacterial factor(s) important for the alteration in neutrophil survival, we show both in vitro and in vivo that Y. pestis increases neutrophil survival in a manner that is dependent on the type-III secretion system effector YopM. This research explores the complexity of spatially distinct host - microbe interactions and emphasizes the importance of cell relevance in assays in order to fully understand Y. pestis virulence. We examine spatially distinct regions of lung lesions using laser capture microdissection and RNAseq analysis to identify transcriptional differences between lesion microenvironments. Sample types: uninfected BM-PMN, infected BM-PMN, lesion periphery, lesion center.
Project description:Basic studies on preneoplastic lesions are important to determine the molecular alterations that take place in early steps of lung carcinogenesis. Little is known about the molecular events preceding the development of lung cancer in the context of an inflammatory environment. In this study we report the generation of a chemical-induced lung carcinogenesis mouse model in the presence of silicotic chronic inflammation. Silica-induced lung inflammation, strongly promoted incidence of lung cancer in mice treated with NDMA, a carcinogen found in tobacco smoke. Histological and molecular analysis revealed that permanent inflammation contributed to lung tumorigenesis through the adquisition of preneoplastic changes in lung epithelial cells. Inflammatory milieu increased the expression of PDCD1, TGFβ-1, MCP-1, LAG3, and Foxp3 and the presence of regulatory T cells within preneoplastic lesions. In addition concomitant chronic inflammation changed the K-ras mutational profile of the generated tumors from Q61R to G12D transition. In summary, these data identify early molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinogenesis in an inflammatory context at different steps, providing a novel approach for the identification of drivers from preneoplastic to neoplastic lesions Gene expression profile was analyzed in 11 individual lesions (8 adenomas and 3 adenocarcinomas) from the NDMA-silica treated mice and 5 lesions (2 adenomas, and 3 adenocarcinomas) from NDMA-only treated mice
Project description:Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease with limited therapeutic options. CD4 T Cells have been described as more inflammatory than T cells in healthy skin. To better understand alterations within the T cell compartment, we profiled CD4 Teffector cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) from inflammatory HS skin lesions and healthy control skin via scRNASequencing.
Project description:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries and there is compelling evidence that the majority of these fatalities are secondary to rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mechanisms that control plaque stability are poorly understood, although it is widely believed that plaques having a decreased ratio of cells positive for smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers such as ACTA2 relative to macrophage markers are more likely to rupture. Herein we employMyh11-CreERT2 ROSA floxed STOP eYFP Apoe-/- mice to trace SMC lineage and show that traditional methods for detecting SMCs based on immunostaining for SMC markers like ACTA2 are unable to detect 82% of SMC-derived cells within advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, we show that these SMC-derived cells within advanced lesions exhibit multiple phenotypes including activation of multiple markers of macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and myofibroblasts (MF). Importantly, we show that SMC-derived macrophage like cells are phagocytic based on electron microscope YFP immunolabeling. In addition, results of single cell epigenetic assays developed in our lab shows that nearly 20% of macrophage-like cells within human lesions are of SMC not myeloid origin. These phenotypic transitions appear to be critical in lesion pathogenesis, in that we show that SMC-specific conditional knockout (KO) of the pluripotency factor, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), resulted in marked reductions in lesion size, increases in multiple indices of plaque stability, and reduced numbers of SMC-derived MSC- and macrophage-like cells. Finally, we show that cholesterol loading of cultured SMC is associated with activation of multiple markers of macrophages and MSC, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased phagocytosis, all of which are Klf4 dependent. Taken together, results indicate that the contribution of SMCs within atherosclerotic plaques has been greatly underestimated, and that loss of Klf4 within SMC result in major changes in SMC phenotype and function that play a major role in lesion pathogenesis. Examination of KLF4 transcription factor in an atherosclerosis setting
Project description:we examined responses to cytokines in dermal fibroblasts from the skin of SLE patients with CLE and healthy control volunteers to identify the inflammatory phenotype and gene expression profile associated with SLE and scarring CLE lesions.