Project description:The fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and capecitabine (Cp) are among the most commonly used anticancer drugs. Still, there is much controversy about the correct dosing, and the fact that a minority of patients experience severe, sometimes even lethal toxicity following treatment. One important factor predisposing patients to severe toxicity is deficiency in the 5FU-catabolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Our group identified 4 DPD risk alleles in over 300 Swiss cancer patients, that resulted in a 8-times increased risk of experiencing severe toxicity from 5FU or Cp. In patients receiving 5FU as a continuous infusion, there are accumulating data that keeping the AUC of 5FU between 20-30 mg*h/L is beneficial in terms of treatment toxicity and activity. In this study, patients carrying at least 1/4 DPD risk alleles will receive a 50% dose reduction of either 5FU or Cp, with the potential of later dose increases in the abscence of severe toxicity. Additionally, patients receiving i.v. 5FU will undergo therapeutic drug monitoring at the end of the 2-day continuous infusion, with subsequent dose adaptations to target a 5FU AUC of 20-30 mg*h/L. The primary study objective is to reduce the incidence of severe treatment-related toxicity from 13% (in historical controls) to 5% in study patients.
Project description:This is a hypothesis driven, open label, single-arm, multiple centers, Phase II trial. The trial has been designed to prove or disprove whether a rechallenge with panitumumab can achieve an objective response rate (ORR= CR+PR) of 30% or more in a population of RAS wild type mCRC patients selected on the basis of RAS extended clonal evolution in their plasma.
Project description:Using integrated genomic analysis of 1.988 childhood and adult cases, we describe a revised taxonomy of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which incorporates 23 subtypes defined by chromosomal rearrangements, sequence mutations, or heterogeneous genomic alterations. Two subtypes have frequent alterations of the B lymphoid transcription factor gene PAX5. One, PAX5alt, has diverse PAX5 alterations, and a second subtype is defined by a single mutation, PAX5 P80R. We show that P80R impairs B lymphoid development and promotes the development of B-ALL in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of transcriptome sequencing to classify B-ALL and reinforce the central role of PAX5 as a checkpoint in B lymphoid maturation and leukemogenesis.
Project description:This randomized, multi-center, active-controlled, open-label, parallel-group study will investigate the efficacy and safety of biomarker-driven maintenance treatment for first-line mCRC. Participants with mCRC are eligible for entry and cannot have received any prior chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. The entire study duration is anticipated to be approximately 7.5 years.
Project description:We performed a global mutational landscape analysis using tumor samples from the 47 urothelial cancer patients included in MATCH-R or MOSCATO studies, with advanced metastatic disease and WES available (RNAseq is included for 38 patient samples). The most frequently altered genes were TP53 (51%), FGFR3 (34%), and KMT2D (34%).