Dataset Information

Lemaire2004 - Role of RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in bone remodelling process

ABSTRACT: This a model from the article: Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling. Lemaire V, Tobin FL, Greller LD, Cho CR, Suva LJ. J Theor Biol.2004 Aug 7;229(3):293-309. 15234198, Abstract: We propose a mathematical model explaining the interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, two cell types specialized in the maintenance of the bone integrity. Bone is a dynamic, living tissue whose structure and shape continuously evolves during life. It has the ability to change architecture by removal of old bone and replacement with newly formed bone in a localized process called remodeling. The model described here is based on the idea that the relative proportions of immature and mature osteoblasts control the degree of osteoclastic activity. In addition, osteoclasts control osteoblasts differentially depending on their stage of differentiation. Despite the tremendous complexity of the bone regulatory system and its fragmentary understanding, we obtain surprisingly good correlations between the model simulations and the experimental observations extracted from the literature. The model results corroborate all behaviors of the bone remodeling system that we have simulated, including the tight coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the catabolic effect induced by continuous administration of PTH, the catabolic action of RANKL, as well as its reversal by soluble antagonist OPG. The model is also able to simulate metabolic bone diseases such as estrogen deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, senescence and glucocorticoid excess. Conversely, possible routes for therapeutic interventions are tested and evaluated. Our model confirms that anti-resorptive therapies are unable to partially restore bone loss, whereas bone formation therapies yield better results. The model enables us to determine and evaluate potential therapies based on their efficacy. In particular, the model predicts that combinations of anti-resorptive and anabolic therapies provide significant benefits compared with monotherapy, especially for certain type of skeletal disease. Finally, the model clearly indicates that increasing the size of the pool of preosteoblasts is an essential ingredient for the therapeutic manipulation of bone formation. This model was conceived as the first step in a bone turnover modeling platform. These initial modeling results are extremely encouraging and lead us to proceed with additional explorations into bone turnover and skeletal remodeling. This model corresponds to the core model published in the paper. There is no corresponding plot to reproduce for this model. To obtain each of the 9 plots in the Figure 2 of the reference publication, there are some changes to be made to the core model. The curation figure reproduces figure 2 of the reference publication. There is a corresponding SBML and Copasi files for each of the plot. See curation tab for more details. This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database of Annotated Published Models (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/). It is copyright (c) 2005-2010 The BioModels.net Team. For more information see the terms of use. To cite BioModels Database, please use: Li C, Donizelli M, Rodriguez N, Dharuri H, Endler L, Chelliah V, Li L, He E, Henry A, Stefan MI, Snoep JL, Hucka M, Le Novère N, Laibe C (2010) BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. BMC Syst Biol., 4:92.

DISEASE(S): Glucocorticoid-remediable Aldosteronism

SUBMITTER: Camille Laibe

PROVIDER: BIOMD0000000278 | BioModels | 2010-11-18

REPOSITORIES: BioModels

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Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling.

Lemaire Vincent V Tobin Frank L FL Greller Larry D LD Cho Carolyn R CR Suva Larry J LJ

Journal of theoretical biology 20040801 3

We propose a mathematical model explaining the interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, two cell types specialized in the maintenance of the bone integrity. Bone is a dynamic, living tissue whose structure and shape continuously evolves during life. It has the ability to change architecture by removal of old bone and replacement with newly formed bone in a localized process called remodeling. The model described here is based on the idea that the relative proportions of immature and mat ...[more]

PMID: 15234198

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Project description:This a model from the article: Mathematical model predicts a critical role for osteoclast autocrine regulation in the control of bone remodeling. Komarova SV, Smith RJ, Dixon SJ, Sims SM, Wahl LM Bone2003 Aug;33(2):206-15 14499354, Abstract: Bone remodeling occurs asynchronously at multiple sites in the adult skeleton and involves resorption by osteoclasts, followed by formation of new bone by osteoblasts. Disruptions in bone remodeling contribute to the pathogenesis of disorderssuch as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and Paget's disease. Interactions among cells of osteoblast and osteoclast lineages are critical in the regulation of bone remodeling. We constructed a mathematical model of autocrine and paracrine interactions among osteoblasts and osteoclasts that allowed us to calculate cell population dynamics and changes in bone mass at a discrete site of bone remodeling. Themodel predicted different modes of dynamic behavior: a single remodeling cycle in response to an external stimulus, a series of internally regulated cycles of bone remodeling, or unstable behavior similar to pathological bone remodeling in Paget's disease. Parametric analysis demonstrated that the mode of dynamic behaviorin the system depends strongly on the regulation of osteoclasts by autocrine factors, such as transforming growth factor beta. Moreover, simulations demonstratedthat nonlinear dynamics of the system may explain the differing effects of immunosuppressants on bone remodeling in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the mathematical model revealed that interactions among osteoblasts and osteoclasts result in complex, nonlinear system behavior, which cannot be deduced from studies of each cell type alone. The model will be useful in future studies assessing the impact of cytokines, growth factors, and potential therapies on the overall process ofremodeling in normal bone and in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease. The model reproduces Fig 2A and Fig 2B of the paper. Note that the Y-axis scale is not right, the osteoblast steadystate is approximatley 212 and not 0 as depicted in the figure. Also, there is atypo in the equation for x2_bar which has been corrected here. Model successfully tested on MathSBML. This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database of Annotated Published Models. It is copyright (c) 2005-2009 The BioModels Team.For more information see the terms of use.To cite BioModels Database, please use Le Novère N., Bornstein B., Broicher A., Courtot M., Donizelli M., Dharuri H., Li L., Sauro H., Schilstra M., Shapiro B., Snoep J.L., Hucka M. (2006) BioModels Database: A Free, Centralized Database of Curated, Published, Quantitative Kinetic Models of Biochemical and Cellular Systems Nucleic Acids Res., 34: D689-D691.

Project description:This a model from the article: Mathematical model of paracrine interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts predicts anabolic action of parathyroid hormone on bone. Komarova SV. Endocrinology.2005 Aug;146(8):3589-95. 15860557, Abstract: To restore falling plasma calcium levels, PTH promotes calcium liberation from bone. PTH targets bone-forming cells, osteoblasts, to increase expression of the cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), which then stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption. Intriguingly, whereas continuous administration of PTH decreases bone mass, intermittent PTH has an anabolic effect on bone, which was proposed to arise from direct effects of PTH on osteoblastic bone formation. However, antiresorptive therapies impair the ability of PTH to increase bone mass, indicating a complex role for osteoclasts in the process. We developed a mathematical model that describes the actions of PTH at a single site of bone remodeling, where osteoclasts and osteoblasts are regulated by local autocrine and paracrine factors. It was assumed that PTH acts only to increase the production of RANKL by osteoblasts. As a result, PTH stimulated osteoclasts upon application, followed by compensatory osteoblast activation due to the coupling of osteoblasts to osteoclasts through local paracrine factors. Continuous PTH administration resulted in net bone loss, because bone resorption preceded bone formation at all times. In contrast, over a wide range of model parameters, short application of PTH resulted in a net increase in bone mass, because osteoclasts were rapidly removed upon PTH withdrawal, enabling osteoblasts to rebuild the bone. In excellent agreement with experimental findings, increase in the rate of osteoclast death abolished the anabolic effect of PTH on bone. This study presents an original concept for the regulation of bone remodeling by PTH, currently the only approved anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. The model reproduces Figures 1B and 2A of the reference publication. To obtain the figures 1B, the parameter g21 needs changes. To obtain the figures 1A, the parameters g21, g12 and k2 need to changed. For details look at the curation tab. The initial concentration of Osteoclasts (x1) is corrected to 1.06066 from 10.06066. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: CellMLdetails The original CellML model was created by: Lloyd, Catherine, May c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz The University of Auckland The Bioengineering Institute This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database of Annotated Published Models (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/). It is copyright (c) 2005-2011 The BioModels.net Team. For more information see the terms of use. To cite BioModels Database, please use: Li C, Donizelli M, Rodriguez N, Dharuri H, Endler L, Chelliah V, Li L, He E, Henry A, Stefan MI, Snoep JL, Hucka M, Le Novère N, Laibe C (2010) BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. BMC Syst Biol., 4:92.

Project description:Bone remodeling is characterized by the sequential, local tethering of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and is key to the maintenance of bone integrity. While bone matrix-mobilized growth factors, such as TGF-β, are proposed to regulate remodeling, no in vivo evidence exists that an osteoclast-produced molecule is the enigmatic coupling factor. We have identified Cthrc1, a protein secreted by mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts, that targets stromal cells so as to stimulate osteogenesis. The expression of Cthrc1 is robustly induced when mature osteoclasts are placed on dentin or hydroxyapatite, and also by increasing extracellular calcium. Cthrc1 expression in bone increases in a high turnover state, such as that which is induced by RANKL injections in vivo, whereas it decreases with aging or following alendronate treatment, conditions associated with suppressed bone turnover. The targeted deletion of the Cthrc1 gene eliminates Cthrc1 expression in bone, whereas its deficiency in osteoblasts does not exert any significant effect. Osteoclast-specific deletion of the Cthrc1 gene results in osteopenia due to reduced bone formation: it also impairs the coupling process following resorption induced by RANKL injections, with a resultant impairment of bone mass recovery. Thus, Cthrc1 is an osteoclast-secreted “coupling factor” that regulates bone remodeling and hence, skeletal integrity. Total bone marrow cells were prepared from the femurs and tibias of 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100ng/ml) for 3 days as described previously (Takeshita et al., 2000 JBMR 15:1477-1488). Cells were harvested with 0.02% EDTA/PBS and used as bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). These BMMs were cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100 ng/ml) and RANKL (100ng/ml) for 2 days. TRAP positive mononuclear cells were harvested and used as pre-osteoclasts (pOC). These pOC cells were further cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 2 days in normal plastic plate or on dentin slices. After 2 days, multinucleated TRAP positive mature osteoclasts were generated as mature osteoclasts on plate (mOCp) and mature resorbing osteoclasts on dentin (mOCd), respectively. RNAs were extracted from four different stages of osteoclast lineage cells; BMMs, pOC, mOCp and mOCd, and used for microarray analysis.

Project description:This a model from the article: A mathematical model of bone remodeling dynamics for normal bone cell populations and myeloma bone disease Bruce P Ayati, Claire M Edwards, Glenn F Webb and John P Wikswo. Biology Direct2010 Apr 20;5(28). 20406449, Abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy associated with the development of a destructive osteolytic bone disease. RESULTS: Mathematical models are developed for normal bone remodeling and for the dysregulated bone remodeling that occurs in myeloma bone disease. The models examine the critical signaling between osteoclasts (bone resorption) and osteoblasts (bone formation). The interactions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are modeled as a system of differential equations for these cell populations, which exhibit stable oscillations in the normal case and unstable oscillations in the myeloma case. In the case of untreated myeloma, osteoclasts increase and osteoblasts decrease, with net bone loss as the tumor grows. The therapeutic effects of targeting both myeloma cells and cells of the bone marrow microenvironment on these dynamics are examined. CONCLUSIONS: The current model accurately reflects myeloma bone disease and illustrates how treatment approaches may be investigated using such computational approaches. Note: The paper describes three models 1) Zero-dimensional Bone Model without Tumour, 2) Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour and 3) Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour and Drug Treatment. This model corresponds to the Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour. Typos in the publication: Equation (4): The first term should be (β1/α1)^(g12/Γ) and not (β2/α2)^(g12/Γ) Equation (14): The first term should be (β1/α1)^(((g12/(1+r12))/Γ) and not (β2/α2)^(((g12/(1+r12))/Γ) Equation (13): The first term should be (β1/α1)^((1-g22+r22)/Γ) and not (β1/α1)^((1-g22-r22)/Γ) All these corrections has been implemented in the model, with the authors agreement. Beyond these, there are several mismatches between the equation numbers that are mentioned in for each equation and the reference that has been made to these equations in the figure legend.

Project description:This a model from the article: A mathematical model of bone remodeling dynamics for normal bone cell populations and myeloma bone disease Bruce P Ayati, Claire M Edwards, Glenn F Webb and John P Wikswo. Biology Direct2010 Apr 20;5(28). 20406449, Abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy associated with the development of a destructive osteolytic bone disease. RESULTS: Mathematical models are developed for normal bone remodeling and for the dysregulated bone remodeling that occurs in myeloma bone disease. The models examine the critical signaling between osteoclasts (bone resorption) and osteoblasts (bone formation). The interactions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are modeled as a system of differential equations for these cell populations, which exhibit stable oscillations in the normal case and unstable oscillations in the myeloma case. In the case of untreated myeloma, osteoclasts increase and osteoblasts decrease, with net bone loss as the tumor grows. The therapeutic effects of targeting both myeloma cells and cells of the bone marrow microenvironment on these dynamics are examined. CONCLUSIONS: The current model accurately reflects myeloma bone disease and illustrates how treatment approaches may be investigated using such computational approaches. Note: The paper describes three models 1) Zero-dimensional Bone Model without Tumour, 2) Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour and 3) Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour and Drug Treatment. This model corresponds to the Zero-dimensional Bone Model without Tumour. Typos in the publication: Equation (4): The first term should be (β1/α1)^(g12/Γ) and not (β2/α2)^(g12/Γ) Equation (14): The first term should be (β1/α1)^(((g12/(1+r12))/Γ) and not (β2/α2)^(((g12/(1+r12))/Γ) Equation (13): The first term should be (β1/α1)^((1-g22+r22)/Γ) and not (β1/α1)^((1-g22-r22)/Γ) All these corrections has been implemented in the model, with the authors agreement. Beyond these, there are several mismatches between the equation numbers that are mentioned in for each equation and the reference that has been made to these equations in the figure legend.

Project description:This a model from the article: A mathematical model of bone remodeling dynamics for normal bone cell populations and myeloma bone disease Bruce P Ayati, Claire M Edwards, Glenn F Webb and John P Wikswo. Biology Direct2010 Apr 20;5(28). 20406449, Abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy associated with the development of a destructive osteolytic bone disease. RESULTS: Mathematical models are developed for normal bone remodeling and for the dysregulated bone remodeling that occurs in myeloma bone disease. The models examine the critical signaling between osteoclasts (bone resorption) and osteoblasts (bone formation). The interactions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are modeled as a system of differential equations for these cell populations, which exhibit stable oscillations in the normal case and unstable oscillations in the myeloma case. In the case of untreated myeloma, osteoclasts increase and osteoblasts decrease, with net bone loss as the tumor grows. The therapeutic effects of targeting both myeloma cells and cells of the bone marrow microenvironment on these dynamics are examined. CONCLUSIONS: The current model accurately reflects myeloma bone disease and illustrates how treatment approaches may be investigated using such computational approaches. Note: The paper describes three models 1) Zero-dimensional Bone Model without Tumou r, 2) Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour and 3) Zero-dimensional Bone Model with Tumour and Drug Treatment. This model corresponds to the Zero-dimensional Bo ne Model with Tumour and Drug Treatment. Typos in the publication: Equation (4): The first term should be (β1/α1)^(g12/Γ) and not (β2/α2)^(g12/Γ) Equation (14): The first term should be (β1/α1)^(((g12/(1+r12))/Γ) and not (β2/α2)^(((g12/(1+r12))/Γ) Equation (13): The first term should be (β1/α1)^((1-g22+r22)/Γ) and not (β1/α1)^((1-g22-r22)/Γ) All these corrections has been implemented in the model, with the authors agreement. Beyond these, there are several mismatches between the equation numbers that are mentioned in for each equation and the reference that has been made to these equations in the figure legend.

Project description:Proctor2016 - Circadian rhythm of PTH and the dynamics of signaling molecules on bone remodeling This model is described in the article: Simulated Interventions to Ameliorate Age-Related Bone Loss Indicate the Importance of Timing. Proctor CJ, Gartland A. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7: 61 Abstract: Bone remodeling is the continuous process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, in order to maintain homeostasis. The activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is regulated by a network of signaling pathways, including Wnt, parathyroid hormone (PTH), RANK ligand/osteoprotegrin, and TGF-?, in response to stimuli, such as mechanical loading. During aging there is a gradual loss of bone mass due to dysregulation of signaling pathways. This may be due to a decline in physical activity with age and/or changes in hormones and other signaling molecules. In particular, hormones, such as PTH, have a circadian rhythm, which may be disrupted in aging. Due to the complexity of the molecular and cellular networks involved in bone remodeling, several mathematical models have been proposed to aid understanding of the processes involved. However, to date, there are no models, which explicitly consider the effects of mechanical loading, the circadian rhythm of PTH, and the dynamics of signaling molecules on bone remodeling. Therefore, we have constructed a network model of the system using a modular approach, which will allow further modifications as required in future research. The model was used to simulate the effects of mechanical loading and also the effects of different interventions, such as continuous or intermittent administration of PTH. Our model predicts that the absence of regular mechanical loading and/or an impaired PTH circadian rhythm leads to a gradual decrease in bone mass over time, which can be restored by simulated interventions and that the effectiveness of some interventions may depend on their timing. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: BIOMD0000000612. To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

Dataset Information

Lemaire2004 - Role of RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in bone remodelling process

Publications

Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling.

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