ABSTRACT: In this study, mutations present in a series of human melanomas (stage IV disease) will be determined, using autologous blood cells to obtain a reference genome. From each of the samples that are analyzed, tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes have also been isolated. This offers a unique opportunity to determine which (fraction of) mutations in human cancer leads to epitopes that are recognized by T cells. The resulting information is likely to be of value to understand how T cell activating drugs exert their action.
Project description:We propose to definitively characterise the somatic genetics of ER+ve, HER2-ve breast cancer through generation of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations in breast cancer cases by high coverage genome sequencing coupled with integrated transcriptomic and methylation analyses.
Project description:We will sequence the RNA of lymphoblast samples, transformed with EBV, which have poikiloderma syndrome with mutations in c16orf57. The aim of the experiment is to characterise RNA structural effects in this disease.
Project description:Aim: We aim to compare current (MeDIP-seq), new (Illumina Infinium 450K BeadChip) and future (PacBio) methods for whole genome DNA methylation analysis. As the interest in determination of disease methylation profiles increases, the scope, advantages and limitations of these methods requires assessment. There are key questions to answer and specific challenges to overcome. For example, how much detail/resolution is sufficient to identify regions of differential methylation and regions of biological/medical significance within a sample? How much coverage of the genome is required for accurate methylation analysis? Is it important to confirm which regions of the genome are unmethylated in addition to focusing on those that are methylated? Loss of methylation may be of equal importance within the cell since this may also contribute to disease pathogenesis. A multi-method (affinity enrichment/bisulphite-conversion based/direct sequencing of methyl-cytosine) and technology platform (Illumina HiSeq/PacBio/Illumina Infinium BeadChip) comparison will enable us to determine the strengths and weakness of each method. We propose to compare four methods using two DNA samples from the Coriell Institute for Cell Repository to assess both current and future capabilities for whole genome methylation analysis in parallel: A) MeDIP-seq using Illumina HiSeq B) Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip and C) whole genome methylation sequencing using PacBio. Existing single molecule deep bisulphite sequencing data generated previously from these same samples at the WTSI for targeted regions (30-40 genes) on the human X chromosome will be used to assess performance of each method. The methods selected for this study will generate data covering a range of resolutions from a whole genome scan to array (target defined) resolution and up to single base pair, single molecule resolution; the highest level of detail possible with methods currently available.Samples: DNA from sibling pair GM01240 (female) and GM01240 (male).Requirements: Both samples will be analysed using;A.MeDIP-seq using Illumina HiSeq (one HiSeq lane, 75bp paired end, per sample) B.Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChipWe are expecting a potentially unnecessary high coverage using one HiSeq lane per sample. However, for the MeDIP procedure we do not have a multiplexing procedure in place. Our requirements for PacBio sequencing have been discussed with and will be supported by the Sequencing Technology Development group.
Project description:This study focuses on epigenetic reprogramming in the mouse germ line: DNA methylation marks, including those of imprinted genes, are thought to be erased between E11.5 and E13.5 in primordial germ cells (PGCs), which are the direct progenitors of sperm or oocyte. DNA methylation patterns are then re-established during the de novo methylation phase in the male germ line several days later (around E15.5) and in the female germ line after birth during adult life. Epigenetic reprogramming in PGCs is poorly understood mainly because of the technical challenges that arise from very low cell numbers in the embryo. The aim of this study is to create genome-wide maps of DNA methylation patterns of male and female PGCs at crucial time points during epigenetic reprogramming and to investigate the changes in those profiles on a single-gene level. We have already successfully prepared and sequenced the first set of BS-Seq libraries of PGCs with Illumina's GAIIx platform. From this, we gained significant insight into the global DNA methylation levels and methylation patterns over multy-copy-loci such as repeat elements. In order further enhance our analysis and finish this project for publication, it is crucial to increase the genomic coverage of our datasets. This will also allow us to link the BS-Seq data with other MeDIP-Seq and RNA-Seq datasets that have already been created in this study.Protocol: Input DNA was sonicated using a Bioruptor UCD-200 (Diagenode) to a final size distribution of 300bp 1000bp. End-repair and A-tailing were performed with the NEBNext DNA Sample Prep Master Mix Set 1. Illuminas Early Access Methylation Adaptor Oligo Kit was used for the adapter ligation. The adapter-ligated DNA was treated with sodium-bisulfite using the Imprint DNA Modification Kit from Sigma-Aldrich according to the manufacturers instructions for the two-step protocol. After the clean up, the bisulfite-treated DNA was amplified using PfuTurbo Cx Hotstart DNA Polymerase from Agilent with 18 cycles of amplification. The entire PCR reaction was run on a 1.5% agarose TBE gel and size selection was performed for DNA fragments between 200bp 250bp. DNA from the excised gel piece was purified with the Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/
Project description:Trypanosoma vivax is a major pathogen of domestic cattle and wildlife across sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, the WTSI has had a research interest in developing a genome sequence for T. vivax, as part of a wider programme concerning African trypanosome parasites of Humans and animals. In 2012 a draft genome sequence for T. vivax Y486 was published by the WTSI and our collaborators in comparison with related species, T. brucei and T. congolense. This study identified numerous putative genes in T. vivax that have no known affinity and are therefore species-specific. A related transcriptomic study confirmed that some of these putative genes are transcribed, but lacked accuracy and was based on a single parasite life stage only. Until recently, it has not been possible to culture different T. vivax life stages in refined media. There is now the opportunity to use new approaches to produce whole cell RNA for both insect and bloodstream parasite stages. We sequence stage-specific cDNA and identify stage-specific genes, and compare these features with similar data already available for T. brucei and T. congolense, which display substantial differences in their developmental cycles. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/
Project description:The main objective of this project is to recognize genes expressed in the life stages and tissue types of a variety of different cestode species, including Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Hymenolepis microstoma, H. nana and others. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/
Project description:Brugia pahangi is a parasitic nematode that is closely related to B. malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti. B. malayi and W. bancrofti are responsible for lymphatic filariasis, affecting around 120 million people in 73 countries worldwide.This project aims to undertake high-throughput sequencing of Brugia pahangi transcriptome. The objective is to use transcriptomics to support gene finding and to recognize genes expressed in given life stages.
Project description:We have recently identified BCL11A as a key regulator of mammary stem (MaSC) and progenitor cells. Deletion of BCL11A in MaSC leads to loss of ability of those cells to engraft a cleared mammary fatpad. This biological function of BCL11A correlates with its overexpression in basal breast cancers which are thought to arise from stem and progenitor subtypes. Basal breast cancer cell lines where BCL11A is knocked down using shRNA failed to develop tumours in xenograft transplantations in mice. Therefore, BCL11A is potentially a novel target for breast cancer treatment. Microarray analysis has identified potential gene targets for BCL11A however, it is not known if these targets are directly regulated by BCL11A at the transcription level. We would like to perform CHIP-SEQ analysis on a mammary cell line using BCL11A antibody under two conditions (normal expression and overexpression of BCL11A).This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/protocol to be provided
Project description:Illumina RNA-Seq will be performed on four Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines and two control cell lines. RNA was extracted from all the lines using a basic Trizol extraction protocol.
Project description:This study is designed to identify gene promoters and enhancers target of foxo1, an transcription factor activated by melatonin in osteoblast cells. Protocol:1. Primary osteoblast cells were grown at 70-80% confluency in 150mm culture dishes.2. These cells were then treated with melatonin for 24h under serum-deprived condition.3. After the completion of treatment cells were fixed with medium containing formaldehyde, washed with PBS and reaction was stopped by adding glycine stop solution. Cells were collected in cell scraping solution. 4. Further sonication and CHIP reaction with foxo1 antibody was performed using Active Motif CHIP-IT express kit following manufacturers instructions.5. After CHIP DNA was purified using Active Motif Chromatin IP DNA purification Kit following manufacturers instructions. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/