Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

Gene expression in mature pollen and sperm cells versus young seedling as a vegetative sporophyte reference control

ABSTRACT: Sperm cells represent the male partner that fuses with the egg cell during fertilization in all multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms, and, in flowering plants, is a founder of both embryo and nutritive endosperm. We examined the transcriptome of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica using the Affymetrix 57K rice genome GeneChip to provide an overview of genes activated in the paternal gamete. We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression in mature pollen and sperm cells at anthesis, which constitutes the stage immediately preceding pollen germination and gamete deposition leading up to fertilization. This documents the condition of the male gametophytic cells prior to fertilization. Keywords: tissue expression profile, male gametophyte, sperm, pollen, seedling Male gametophytic cells consisting of isolated pollen and isolated sperm cells collected at anthesis were compared with seedlings containing leaf, stem, root and apical meristems as a vegetative sporophytic control; three separate biological replicates were used.

ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa

SUBMITTER: Scott Russell

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-17002 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Transcriptome-based examination of putative pollen allergens of rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica).

Russell Scott D SD Bhalla Prem L PL Singh Mohan B MB

Molecular plant 20080721 5

Pollen allergens are among the most abundantly transcribed and translated products in the life history of plants, and particularly grasses. To identify different pollen allergens in rice, putative allergens were identified in the rice genome and their expression characterized using the Affymetrix 57K rice GeneChip microarray. Among the most abundant pollen-specific candidate transcripts were Ory s 1 beta-expansin, Ory s 2, Ory s 7 EF hand, Ory s 11, Ory s 12 profilin A, Ory s 23, glycosyl hydrol ...[more]

PMID: 19825578

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Project description:In sexual reproduction, a proper communication and cooperation between male and female organs and tissue are essential for male and female gametes to unite. In flowering plants, female sporophytic tissues and gametophyte direct a male pollen tube towards an egg apparatus, which consists of an egg cell and two synergid cells. The cell-cell communication between the pollen tube and the egg apparatus, such as the reception of a signal from the egg apparatus at the pollen tube, makes the tip of pollen tube rapture to release the sperm cell. To isolate male factors involved in the interaction between a pollen tube and an egg apparatus, we focused on receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which are extensively diversified in the flowering plant lineage to comprise a large monophyletic gene family. Approximately 620 members were found in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Expression patterns of 558 RLKs were analyzed using an Affymetrix ATH1 microarray of A. thaliana. We focused on two RLKs, ANXUR1 (ANX1) and ANXUR2 (ANX2), and characterized their function. Here we report that pollen tubes of anx1/anx2 ruptured before arriving at the egg apparatus, suggesting that ANX1 and ANX2 are male factors controlling pollen tube behavior with directing rupture at proper timing. Furthermore, ANX1 and ANX2 were the most closely related paralogs to a female factor FERONIA/SIRENE controlling pollen tube behavior expressed in synergid cells. Our finding shows that the coordinated behaviors of female and male reproductive apparatuses are regulated by the sister genes, whose duplication might play a role in the evolution of fertilization system in flowering plants. Experiment Overall Design: Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 was grown at 18Â°C for 8 hr in the dark and at 22Â°C for 16 hr in the light. To collect germinated pollen with pollen tubes, opened flowers were touched to cellophane layered on the pollen germination medium containing 13.5% sucrose, 10 mM CaCl2, 0.4 mM boric acid, 1 mM KCl, 0.001% myo-inositol, and 0.6% agarose. The released pollen was incubated at 25Â°C for 6 hr in the dark. For collection of seedlings, seeds were sown on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 1x Murashige and Skoog Plant Salt Mixture (Wako), 1x Gamborgâs vitamin solution (Wako), 1% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. Seedlings including roots with one or two rosette leaves were collected for RNA extraction. RNA was extracted with Isogene (Nippon Gene), precipitated with LiCl, and further purified with RNeasy. The ATH1 genechip (Affymetrix) was used for expression analysis using 10 Âµg each of total RNA following the manufacturer's instructions. Array data were processed and analyzed with the GCOS1.2 program (Affymetrix) and Excel 2004 (Microsoft). Hybridization with germinating pollen RNA was duplicated and the results were compared to that with seedling RNA.

Project description:The formation of a zygote by the fusion of egg and sperm involves the two gametic transcriptomes. In flowering plants, the embryo sac embedded within the ovule contains the egg cell, while the pollen grain contains two sperm cells inside a supporting vegetative cell. The difficulties of collecting isolated gametes and consequent low recovery of RNA have restricted in-depth analysis of gametic transcriptomes in flowering plants. We isolated living egg cells, sperm cells, and pollen vegetative cells from rice, and identified transcripts for ~36,000 genes by deep sequencing. The three transcriptomes are highly divergent, with about three quarters of those genes differentially expressed in the different cell types. Distinctive expression profiles were observed for genes involved in chromatin conformation, including an unexpected expression in the sperm cell of genes associated with active chromatin. Furthermore, both the sperm cell and the pollen vegetative cell were deficient in expression of key RNAi components. Differences in gene expression were also observed for genes for hormonal signaling and cell cycle regulation. The egg cell and sperm cell transcriptomes reveal major differences in gene expression to be resolved in the zygote, including pathways affecting chromatin configuration, hormones and cell cycle. The sex-specific differences in expression of RNAi components suggest that epigenetic silencing in the zygote might act predominantly through female-dependent pathways. More generally, this study provides a detailed gene expression landscape for flowering plant gametes, enabling the identification of specific gametic functions and their contributions to zygote and seed development. The gene expression profiles of the three gametic cells, egg cell (EC), sperm cell (Sp) and vegetative cell (Ve) were compared via RNA-seq using three biological replicates for each. Differential expression (DE) analysis was performed using edgeR and the resulting DE genes were assessed for Gene Ontology term enrichment.

Dataset Information

Gene expression in mature pollen and sperm cells versus young seedling as a vegetative sporophyte reference control

Publications

Transcriptome-based examination of putative pollen allergens of rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica).

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