Transcriptome analysis during axillary shoot outgrowth
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
SUBMITTER: Kiyoshi Tatematsu
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-18987 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:In plant axillary bud dormancy and outgrowth are regulated by phytohoromones, but it is still unknown about its molecular mechanism. We reveal that Arabidopsis axillary buds located at axil of rosette leaves show dormancy and that this is broken by the decapitation of main stem, resulting in the bud outgrowth. To investigate about the molecular mechanisms of dormancy and outgrowth, we carried out gene expression analysis during axillary shoot outgrowth in Arabidopsis wild type Columbia accession. Since axillary buds did not initiate outgrowth (dormancy) at 5 day after bolting of main stem, we used 5-day bolted plants as a control (before decapitation). Then, main stems were decapitated, and axillary shoots were collected at 24 hours after decapitation (named as growing shoot). Total RNA was prepared from either control or growing shoots and used for the microarray analysis. We carried out duplicate microarray analysis using independent plant materials.Ref):Tatematsu et al., Plant Physiol. 138: 757-766 (2005). Keywords: Expression profilling by array
2009-11-18 | GSE18987 | GEO
Project description:Shoot branching of flowering plants exhibits phenotypic plasticity and variability. This plasticity is determined by the activity of axillary meristems, which in turn is influenced by endogenous and exogenous cues such as nutrients and light. In many species, not all buds on the main shoot develop into branches despite favorable growing conditions. In petunia, basal buds (buds 1-3) typically do not grow out to form branches, while more apical buds (buds 6 and 7) are competent to grow. The genetic regulation of buds was explored using transcriptome analyses of petunia axillary buds at different positions on the main stem. To suppress or promote bud outgrowth, we grew the plants in media with differing phosphate (P) levels. Using RNA-seq, we found many (>5000) differentially expressed genes between bud 6 or 7, and bud 2. In addition, more genes were differentially expressed when we transferred the plants from low P to high P medium, compared with shifting from high P to low P medium. Buds 6 and 7 had increased transcript abundance of cytokinin and auxin-related genes, whereas the basal non-growing buds (bud 2 and to a lesser extent bud 3) had higher expression of strigolactone, abscisic acid, and dormancy-related genes, suggesting the outgrowth of these basal buds was actively suppressed. Consistent with this, the expression of ABA associated genes decreased significantly in apical buds after stimulating growth by switching the medium from low P to high P. Furthermore, comparisons between our data and transcriptome data from other species suggest that the suppression of outgrowth of bud 2 was correlated with a limited supply of carbon to these axillary buds. Candidate genes that might repress bud outgrowth were identified by co-expression analysis.
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Project description:Axillary bud outgrowth determines plant shoot architecture and is under control of endogenous hormones and a fine-tuned gene expression network. Some genes associated with shoot development are known targets of small RNAs (sRNAs). Although it is well known that sRNAs act broadly in plant development, our understanding about their roles in vegetative bud outgrowth remains limited. Moreover, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets in axillary buds are unknown. In this study, we employed next-generation sequencing, gene expression analysis and metabolite profiling to identify sRNAs and quantify distinct hormones, respectively, in vegetative axillary buds of the tropical biofuel crop sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Differential accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins indicates a dynamic balance of these hormones during sugarcane bud outgrowth. A number of repeat-associated siRNAs generated from distinct transposable elements and genes were highly expressed in both inactive and developing buds. RT-qPCR results revealed that specific miRNAs were differentially expressed in developing buds and some correlate negatively with the expression of their targets. Expression patterns of miR159 and its experimentally confirmed target GAMYB suggest they play roles in regulating ABA and GA-signaling pathways during bud outgrowth. Our work reveals, for the first time, differences in composition and expression profiles of small RNAs and targets between inactive and developing buds that, together with the endogenous balance of specific hormones, may be important to regulate axillary bud outgrowth in plants. Examination of small RNA populations in vegetative axillary buds of the tropical biofuel crop sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)
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Project description:Axillary bud outgrowth determines plant shoot architecture and is under control of endogenous hormones and a fine-tuned gene expression network. Some genes associated with shoot development are known targets of small RNAs (sRNAs). Although it is well known that sRNAs act broadly in plant development, our understanding about their roles in vegetative bud outgrowth remains limited. Moreover, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets in axillary buds are unknown. In this study, we employed next-generation sequencing, gene expression analysis and metabolite profiling to identify sRNAs and quantify distinct hormones, respectively, in vegetative axillary buds of the tropical biofuel crop sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Differential accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins indicates a dynamic balance of these hormones during sugarcane bud outgrowth. A number of repeat-associated siRNAs generated from distinct transposable elements and genes were highly expressed in both inactive and developing buds. RT-qPCR results revealed that specific miRNAs were differentially expressed in developing buds and some correlate negatively with the expression of their targets. Expression patterns of miR159 and its experimentally confirmed target GAMYB suggest they play roles in regulating ABA and GA-signaling pathways during bud outgrowth. Our work reveals, for the first time, differences in composition and expression profiles of small RNAs and targets between inactive and developing buds that, together with the endogenous balance of specific hormones, may be important to regulate axillary bud outgrowth in plants.
2012-12-31 | GSE38894 | GEO
Project description:Aims: To determine the changes in the Arabidopsis axillary bud transcriptome in response to changes in the red light (R) to far red light (FR) ratio (R:FR). Background: The branching habit of plants is a key determinant of overall plant form and function with great relevance to modern agriculture. Shade signals transduced by phytochromes are major regulators of axillary bud outgrowth, and in turn control branching in both natural and agricultural environments. To continue our investigations into the regulation of branching by R:FR, we have developed a system using supplemental FR LEDs to tightly control the outgrowth of Arabidopsis axillary buds. Depending on the position of the bud in the rosette, outgrowth is either repressed (uppermost bud) or rapidly promoted (bud in the axil of the third leaf down) by the transition from low to high R:FR. Treatment: Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of R:FR on transcriptome changes in the uppermost rosette bud (bud n) and the axillary bud in the axil of the third leaf from the top (bud n-2). WT Col-60000 was used as the experimental material. Plants were grown individually in 25 by 50 mm tubes and watered and fertilized optimally. Plants were grown in a split growth chamber (providing uniform temperature and PPFD but allowing for differential R:FR) with 18 h photoperiods (185 Moles m-2 s-1 PPFD provided by T12 VHO CW fluorescent lamps) and 24 C/18 C day/night temperatures. One day after sowing, the R:FR was reduced on both sides of the chamber from 3.5 to 0.08 using FR LEDs fixed in clear overhead arrays. Prior to anthesis, the plants were matched and split into two treatment groups. In experiment 1, the FR source for one of the groups was switched off at 12:00 pm on the day of anthesis, causing the R:FR to increase to 3.5. Unelongated axillary buds in the axil of the uppermost leaves (approx. 2.5 mm long) were harvested for RNA preparation from both groups (low and transiently increased R:FR) 3 h after changing the R:FR. Each treatment was composed of three biological replicates, each containing buds from about 15-18 plants. Experiment 2 was conducted exactly the same as experiment 1, except the R:FR was altered 3 days after anthesis and the unelongated axillary buds in the axils of the third leaves down (approx. 1 mm long) were harvested for RNA preparation. 12 samples (3 bud n and low R:FR, 3 bud n and high R:FR, 3 bud n-2 and low R:FR, 3 bud n-2 and high R:FR) were used in this experiment.
2012-11-21 | E-GEOD-42415 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Bud dormancy is a crucial stage in perennial trees and allows survival over winter and optimal subsequent flowering and fruit production. Environmental conditions, and in particular temperature, have been shown to influence bud dormancy. Recent work highlighted some physiological and molecular events happening during bud dormancy in trees. However, we still lack a global understanding of transcriptional changes happening during bud dormancy. We conducted a fine tune temporal transcriptomic analysis of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) flower buds from bud organogenesis until the end of bud dormancy using next-generation sequencing. We observe that buds in organogenesis, paradormancy, endodormancy and ecodormancy are characterised by distinct transcriptional states, and associated with different pathways. We further identified that endodormancy can be separated in two phases based on its transcriptomic state: early and late endodormancy. We also found that transcriptional profiles of just 7 genes are enough to predict the main cherry tree flower buds dormancy stages. Our results indicate that transcriptional changes happening during dormancy are robust and conserved between different sweet cherry cultivars. Our work also sets the stage for the development of a fast and cost effective diagnostic tool to molecularly define the flower bud stage in cherry trees.
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Project description:Aims: To determine the changes in the Arabidopsis axillary bud transcriptome in response to changes in the red light (R) to far red light (FR) ratio (R:FR). Background: The branching habit of plants is a key determinant of overall plant form and function with great relevance to modern agriculture. Shade signals transduced by phytochromes are major regulators of axillary bud outgrowth, and in turn control branching in both natural and agricultural environments. To continue our investigations into the regulation of branching by R:FR, we have developed a system using supplemental FR LEDs to tightly control the outgrowth of Arabidopsis axillary buds. Depending on the position of the bud in the rosette, outgrowth is either repressed (uppermost bud) or rapidly promoted (bud in the axil of the third leaf down) by the transition from low to high R:FR. Treatment: Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of R:FR on transcriptome changes in the uppermost rosette bud (bud n) and the axillary bud in the axil of the third leaf from the top (bud n-2). WT Col-60000 was used as the experimental material. Plants were grown individually in 25 by 50 mm tubes and watered and fertilized optimally. Plants were grown in a split growth chamber (providing uniform temperature and PPFD but allowing for differential R:FR) with 18 h photoperiods (185 Moles m-2 s-1 PPFD provided by T12 VHO CW fluorescent lamps) and 24oC/18oC day/night temperatures. One day after sowing, the R:FR was reduced on both sides of the chamber from 3.5 to 0.08 using FR LEDs fixed in clear overhead arrays. Prior to anthesis, the plants were matched and split into two treatment groups. In experiment 1, the FR source for one of the groups was switched off at 12:00 pm on the day of anthesis, causing the R:FR to increase to 3.5. Unelongated axillary buds in the axil of the uppermost leaves (approx. 2.5 mm long) were harvested for RNA preparation from both groups (low and transiently increased R:FR) 3 h after changing the R:FR. Each treatment was composed of three biological replicates, each containing buds from about 15-18 plants. Experiment 2 was conducted exactly the same as experiment 1, except the R:FR was altered 3 days after anthesis and the unelongated axillary buds in the axils of the third leaves down (approx. 1 mm long) were harvested for RNA preparation.
2012-11-21 | GSE42415 | GEO
Project description:Axillary bud outgrowth is an essential process of plant branching to set-up its architecture. Nitrogen is implicated in the development of young organs such as secondary axes (axes II) resulting from bud outgrowth. We have previously shown in planta that asparagine concentration increases in the sap and in the tissues during axes II elongation. In vitro, we demonstrated that this amino acid is the sole at its physiological concentration able to evoke an efficient elongation of axes II in the presence of different sugars. To go further, we performed in this work a transcriptomic analysis through RNA sequencing and obtained 848 annotated sequences that are potentially implicated in bud outgrowth in response to nitrate in the presence of sucrose. Among them, the expression of Asparaginase 2 gene takes place during dormancy while, in contrast, Asparagine synthase 2 gene is active during bud outgrowth. So we have established through qRT-PCR the expression level of the main growth regulators related genes in the permissive condition in the presence of asparagine and sucrose. We confirmed using conceptually different experiments that asparagine has a strong involvement in bud outgrowth and demonstrated that the genes implicated in its metabolism could be consider as new biomarkers in the process in rosebush.
2019-07-01 | GSE133559 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: In higher plants, perennialism is achieved through axillary buds and side-shoots that stay vegetative. This work aims to analyze the pattern of axillary bud (AB) formation in the perennial model plant Arabis alpina and to study the role of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (AaLAS) gene in this process. Methods: This study combines stereomicroscopic analysis with RNA sequencing to monitor how patterns of AB formation and gene expression correlate. The role of AaLAS was studied using an RNAi approach. Results: During vegetative development, ABs initiate at a distance to the SAM, whereas after induction of flowering ABs initiate adjacent to the SAM. Dormant buds are established before onset of vernalization. Transcript profiles of ABs initiated at a distance were different from that of the SAM, whereas transcript patterns of buds initiated in close proximity were similar to the corresponding SAM. Knock-down of AaLAS leads to loss of both dormant buds and vegetative side-shoots, strongly compromising perennial life style. Conclusions: AB formation is regulated differently during vegetative and reproductive development. New meristems that show gene expression profiles different from the SAM are established at a distance to the SAM. AaLAS plays an essential role in perennial life cycle modulating the establishment of dormant buds and vegetative side-shoots.
2020-03-03 | GSE140316 | GEO