ABSTRACT: Cesium (Cs+) is a potentially toxic mineral element that is released into the environment and taken up by plants. Although Cs+ is chemically similar to potassium (K+), and much is known about K+ transport mechanisms, it is not clear through which K+ transport mechanisms Cs+ is taken up by plant roots. In this study, the role of AtHAK5 in high affinity K+ and Cs+ uptake was characterized. It is demonstrated that AtHAK5 is localized to the plasma membrane under conditions of K+ deprivation, when it is expressed. 9 samples were used in this experiment.
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
SUBMITTER: Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC)
Project description:The analysis of gene expression during wheat development:; Gene expression measurements were carried out on a developmental tissue; series for wild-type wheat (cv. Chinese Spring) using the Affymetrix; Wheat GeneChip. Thirteen tissues at defined developmental stages were; chosen to match the barley (cv. Morex) tissue series of Druka et al. 2006 that used the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip. Three replicates of:; root tissue at two different developmental stages, leaf, crown,; caryopsis, anther, pistil, inflorescence, bracts, mesocotyl, endosperm,; embryo and coleoptiles were hybridised. Comparisons between this wheat; data and the barley dataset were performed and are available at; http://contigcomp.acpfg.com.au ; [PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Tim Sutton. The equivalent experiment is TA3 at PLEXdb.] Experiment Overall Design: tissue type: germinating seed, coleoptile(3-replications); tissue type: germinating seed, root(3-replications); tissue type: germinating seed, embryo(3-replications); tissue type: seedling, root(3-replications); tissue type: seedling, crown(3-replications); tissue type: seedling, leaf(3-replications); tissue type: immature inflorescence(3-replications); tissue type: floral bracts, before anthesis(3-replications); tissue type: pistil, before anthesis(3-replications); tissue type: anthers, before anthesis(3-replications); tissue type: 3-5 DAP caryopsis(3-replications); tissue type: 22 DAP embryo(3-replications); tissue type: 22 DAP endosperm(3-replications)
Project description:The establishment of plant-mutualistic fungi interaction requires a bidirectional molecular crosstalk. The study of their secretomes help to understand a beneficial relationship. Here, a gel-free shotgun proteomic approach was used to identify secreted proteins from semi hydroponic culture systems with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and T. atroviride alone or in co-culture over a time course (24, 48 and 96h). A total of 126 proteins of Arabidopsis and 1027 proteins of T. atroviride were identified, 118 and 780 of which were differentially modulated in response to their interaction, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the secretomes of both organisms were enriched in proteins with a predicted enzymatic function. Among these, increased abundance of putative glycosidases, aspartic endopeptidases and dehydrogenases, together with decreased abundance of amidases, protein-serine/threonine kinases and hydro-lyases was observed in T. atroviride secretome in response to the plant, whereas increased abundances of peroxidases, cysteine endopeptidases and enzymes related to catabolism of secondary metabolites, together with decreased abundance of pathogenesis-related proteins and protease inhibitors was observed in the plant secretome in response to the fungus. Finally, the plant alanine-glyoxylate transaminase GGAT1, increased in abundance, is required for the systemic disease resistance against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea but not for plant growth stimulation by T. atroviride
Project description:To identify direct targets of WRKY22, we created a transgenic Arabidopsis line that expresses a c-myc epitope-tagged WRKY22 and used ChIP followed by microarray hybridization (ChIP-chip) to screen for candidates and validate the in vivo protein-DNA interactions with ChIP followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-Q-PCR). The WRKY22 and c-myc epitope tag fusion construct was generated and transformed into wrky22-ko2 plants. The resulting transgenic lines should have better ChIP efficiency than the wild-type background, due to the reduced competition for WRKY22 binding sites from endogenous WRKY22. ChIP-enriched DNA fragments were identified using criteria of a window of +300 to M-oM-<M-1200 of a gene for a promoter, a width of 4 probes or more, and a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.1. The ChIP-chip experiments were repeated six times, i.e., six biological replicas. Candidates were defined by the presence of the promoter in three out of six biological replicas. Candidates were then classified based on their hypoxic responsiveness with a positive response defined as gene expression levels exhibiting > 2 or < 0.5-fold induction in any time point under submergence treatments in expression array data. Comparison of c-myc tagged WRKY22 transgenic plants vs wild-type (Columbia) plants. Both materials were submergence treated for 3 hours.
Project description:To understand how the NF-YC-RGL2 complex functions in repressing seed germination, a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis was carried out using germinating seeds of rgl2, nf-ycT and the wild-type (Col) grown on the medium containing 5 uM PAC and Col grown on mock treatment. Basing on the criteria of 1.5-fold cutoff for the genes with 5% false discovery rate, we first identified the differentially expressed genes in Col_PAC vs Col_mock, nf-ycT_PAC vs Col_PAC, and rgl2_PAC vs Col_PAC subsets, which are referred to as PAC-, NF-YC-, and RGL2-regulated genes.These data reveal that NF-YCs and RGL2 co-target a set of common genes in response to phytohormone signals, strongly supporting the role of NF-YC-RGL2 in seed germination regulation. Digital gene expression tag profiles of wild type (Col), nf-ycT mutant, and rgl2 mutant germinating seed for 12 h after stratification were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq 2000.
Project description:The green rice leafhopper (GRH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler, is a major insect pest of cultivated rice in temperate Asia. GRH2-near-isogenic line (NIL) TGRH11, GRH4-NIL (TGRH16) and GRH2/GRH4-pyramided line (PYL) TGRH29 were developed by introducing the GRH2 and GRH4 from indica rice (DV85). We identified GRH-inducible genes in respective rice lines. Furthermore, we compared the gene expression levels between NILs/PYL and control plants (T65). The gene expression changes in respective rice lines were detected by comparison between GRH-infested and pre-infested plants. Seedlings at the second-leaf stage were infested with 10 to 15 first- or second-instar nymphs in test tubes and shoots were collected at 30 h after GRH infestation. Detached-leaf blades at heading stage were infested with 10 to 15 first- or second-instar nymphs in test tubes and samples were collected at 30 h after GRH infestation. For each treatment, two biological replicates were performed.
Project description:The experiment was aimed at identification of genes whose expression is up- or down-regulated in tobacco plants in response to sulfur (S) deficiency. Comparison of response to S deficit of LA Burley 21 line and AB3 line (overexpressing UP9C in antisense orientation) was done to clarify the function of LSU/UP9 family genes.
Project description:The responses to waterlogging stress of two wheat genotypes including one sensitive and one resistant were systematic investigated. The labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted in parallel on these two genotypes in responding to waterlogging for 1-3 days, 951 and 320 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were detected in the during treat, and 270 DEPs were shared. The results might help to reveal the regulatory mechanism of waterlogging stress tolerance in wheat.
Project description:Transcriptional variation, also called expression level polymorphism (ELP), contributes to intra-specific phenotypic variation in many organisms. Differentially expressed transcripts are typically enriched for stress-related genes, suggesting that differences in response to the environment are a particularly common point of divergence among gentoypes. Analysis of ELPs also has been suggested as a way to assess unintended consequences of transgene introduction; however, it is important that interpretation of transcriptional changes be performed within the context of potential fitness effects. In these studies we sought to examine differential gene expression in response to salinity for two widely used Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Wassilewskija (Ws) and Columbia (Col), and a single gene mutation (glabrous, gl1-1) in the Col background (Col(gl)), in relation to genetic, phenotypic, and fitness differences. Growth analyses were performed with seedlings germinated on culture media and growth chamber-grown plants carried through the full life cycle. Transcriptome analyses were performed with salt treated and control growth-chamber grown plants six days post initiation of salt stress. Ws plants had the least salt injury and highest dry matter accumulation and seed production in salt stressed conditions. ELPs among genoytypes and in response to 100 mM NaCl were enriched for genes associated with response to stress, including stress-associated transcription factors, heat shock and redox metabolism genes, and R genes. Application of salt resulted in many more transcripts up- or down-regulated in Col and Ws than in Col(gl). Many of the transcripts influenced by salt in Col were already altered in gl1-1 plants in the absence of salt, although Col(gl) plants did not show any detectable signs of stress, or effects on fecundity in the absence of salt treatment. The majority of salt-induced transcriptional changes that occurred in Ws also occurred in Col, suggesting common salt stress responses in these two ecotypes. Many more genes were affected by salt in Col than Ws, however, possibly reflecting the greater salt injury observed for Col. There was minimal overlap between the transcripts that differed for Ws and Col prior to salt treatment and those that were subsequently affected by salt stress. Thus, many genes conferring comparative salt stress tolerance in Ws likely differ from those whose expression levels are modified in response to salt stress. These studies demonstrate transcriptional variation among Arabidopsis genotypes in response to salt stress. Greater transcriptome differences did not necessarily correspond with greater genetic difference or phenotypic differences in morphology, fecundity, and resistance to salt stress. These results suggest that depending on circumstance, transcriptional changes can reflect response to injury, facilitate adaptive expression of fitness-associated traits, or allow for phenotypic buffering to minimize the impact of genetic changes. Three Arabidopsis genotypes were grown in the growth chamber in the absence and presence of salt stress. Plants from 20 days after sowing (6 days after salt treatment) were used for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. There were two biological replicates for each genotype and salt treatment combination.