Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Testicular lumicrine factors regulate ERK, STAT and NFKB pathways in the initial segment of the rat epididymis to prevent apoptosis

ABSTRACT: The initial segment of the epididymis is vital for male fertility, therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate this important region. Deprival of testicular luminal fluid factors/lumicrine factors from epididymis, a subset of cells within the initial segment undergo apoptosis. In this study, microarray analyses was used to examine early changes in the downstream signal transduction pathways following the loss of lumicrine factors, and we discovered the following cascade of events leading to loss of protection and eventual apoptosis. First, mRNA expression of several key components of ERK pathway decreased sharply after 6 hours of loss protection from testicular lumicrine factors. After 12 hours, the levels of mRNA expression of STAT and NF-кB pathways components increased, mRNA expression of genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors increased. After 18 hours of loss protection from testicular lumicrine factors, apoptosis was observed in the initial segment. In conclusion, testicular lumicrine factors protect the cells of the initial segment by activating ERK pathway, repressing STAT and NF-кB pathways, and preventing a cascade of reactions leading to apoptosis. Unilateral efferent duct ligation (EDL) surgeries were performed to block lumicrine testicular fluid factors from reaching one side of epididymis. For the control, a sham operation was performed on the contra-lateral side within the same animal. After 6, 12 and 18 hours of EDL, the most proximal region of the initial segment containing zone 1a and 1b of initial segment was dissected out. In this microarray study, sham control and each time point of EDL (sham, 6h EDL, 12h EDL, 18h EDL) all have 4 replicates, a total of 16 arrays were hybridized.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

SUBMITTER: Michael Black

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-21806 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Testicular lumicrine factors regulate ERK, STAT, and NFKB pathways in the initial segment of the rat epididymis to prevent apoptosis.

Xu Bingfang B Abdel-Fattah Rana R Yang Ling L Crenshaw Sallie A SA Black Michael B MB Hinton Barry T BT

Biology of reproduction 20110210 6

The initial segment of the epididymis is vital for male fertility; therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate this important region. Deprival of testicular luminal fluid factors/lumicrine factors from the epididymis results in a wave of apoptosis in the initial segment. In this study, a combination of protein array and microarray analyses was used to examine the early changes in downstream signal transduction pathways following loss of lumicrine factors. We discovered ...[more]

PMID: 21311037

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Project description:Stimulation of the mouse hindlimb via the sciatic nerve was used to induce contractions for 4 hours to investigate acute muscle gene activation in a model of muscle phenotype conversion. Initial force production (1.6 + 0.1 g/g body weight) declined 45% within 10 min and was maintained for the remainder of the experiment. Force returned to initial levels upon completion of the study. An immediate-early growth response was present in the EDL (FOS, JUN, ATF3, MAFK) with a similar but attenuated pattern in the soleus. Transcript profiles showed decreased fast fiber specific mRNA (myosin heavy chains 2A, 2B; troponins T3, I; -tropomyosin, m-creatine kinase) and increased slow transcripts (myosin heavy chain slow/1, troponin C, tropomyosin 3) in the EDL. Histological analysis of the EDL revealed glycogen depletion without inflammatory cell infiltration or myofiber damage in stimulated vs. control muscles. Several fiber type specific transcription factors (EYA1, TEAD1, NFATc1 and c4, PPARG, PPARGC1 and β, BHLHB2) increased in the EDL along with transcription factors characteristic of embryogenesis (KLF4, SOX17, TCF15, PKNOX1, ELAV). No established in vivo satellite cell markers or the genes activated during our parallel studies of satellite cell proliferation in vitro (CYCLINS A2, B2, C, E1, MyoD) increased in the stimulated muscles. These data indicated that onset of fast to slow phenotype conversion occurred in the EDL within 4 hours of stimulation without satellite cell recruitment or muscle injury but was driven by phenotype specific transcription factors from resident fiber myonuclei including activation of nascent developmental transcriptional programs. Adult male Swiss Webster mice (30-35 g) were anesthetized, a bipolar electrode was implanted adjacent to the sciatic nerve and the hindlimb immobilized. The voltage-force relation was determined to establish supramaximal stimulation conditions and the length-tension relation was determined to set the resting length for maximum twitch tension. Contractions were induced by sciatic nerve stimulation (0.5 msec duration, 2-5 volts). The muscles were allowed to rest 15 minutes for full metabolic recovery at physiologic temperatures. Supramaximal stimulation was applied at a rate of 10 Hz for 4 hours. At the end of each experiment the soleus muscles were carefully dissected and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen for analysis of mRNA expression via microarray analysis. The contralateral, unstimulated Soleus provided a genetically matched, paired control for each specimen.

Dataset Information

Testicular lumicrine factors regulate ERK, STAT and NFKB pathways in the initial segment of the rat epididymis to prevent apoptosis

Publications

Testicular lumicrine factors regulate ERK, STAT, and NFKB pathways in the initial segment of the rat epididymis to prevent apoptosis.

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