ABSTRACT: Muscle development and growth is an economically important process in the pig.The neonatal period is another important stage for the pig when the most rapid gain occurring in skeletal muscle.Gene expresseion changes during fetal and postnatal skeletal muscle development that can be used to enhance pig production efficiency, as well as for comparative developmental biology using the pig as a model for other mammalian species. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression level at different stages of postnatal development. Pig skeletal muscles were selected at different stages of post-natal development for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.So,we sampled at four time-points: within 24 hours after birth (0d),7 days after birth (7d), 14 days after birth (14d), 21 days after birth (21d).
Project description:Fetal myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle hypertrophy in growing pigs are critical yet poorly understood processes. Global gene expression analyses will increase understanding of these processes by identifying key genes and pathways controlling skeletal muscle development. For this study, a pig 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes in hind limb skeletal muscle of pigs at 60 days of gestation and 7 weeks of age. This oligonucleotide microarray experiment revealed 162 genes that were differentially expressed between 60 day fetal and 7 week postnatal samples. Relative real-time RT-PCR was used to confirm differential expression of three genes. This experiment identified genes exhibiting different developmental patterns of gene expression in pig skeletal muscle. Keywords: developmental study
Project description:The skeletal muscle growth and development is a very complicated but precisely regulated process with interwoven molecular mechanisms. Skeletal muscle is a very heterogeneous tissue that is made up of a large variety of functionally diverse fiber types. Muscle mass is therefore largely determined by the number and size of those fibres. These fibre characteristics are determined by hyperplasia before birth and by hypertrophy after. Around 65 dpc and three postnatal stages (newborn, 3 days; young, 60 days; and mature, 120 days) are key time points in swine skeletal muscle growth and development. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying porcine skeletal muscle growth and development.
Project description:Muscle development and growth is an economically important process in the pig.The neonatal period is another important stage for the pig when the most rapid gain occurring in skeletal muscle.Gene expresseion changes during fetal and postnatal skeletal muscle development that can be used to enhance pig production efficiency, as well as for comparative developmental biology using the pig as a model for other mammalian species. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression level at different stages of postnatal development.
Project description:Fetal myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle hypertrophy in growing pigs are critical yet poorly understood processes. Global gene expression analyses will increase understanding of these processes by identifying key genes and pathways controlling skeletal muscle development. For this study, a pig 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes in hind limb skeletal muscle of pigs at 60 days of gestation and 7 weeks of age. This oligonucleotide microarray experiment revealed 162 genes that were differentially expressed between 60 day fetal and 7 week postnatal samples. Relative real-time RT-PCR was used to confirm differential expression of three genes. This experiment identified genes exhibiting different developmental patterns of gene expression in pig skeletal muscle. Oligonucleotide microarrays used for this study consisted of 13,297 70-mer oligos (Pig Array-Ready Oligo Set v. 1.0 and Pig Oligo Extension Set v. 1.0, Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA) each spotted once on a single slide . Controls included 76 Arabidopsis thaliana gene spots, 17 beta tubulin spots, 17 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase spots, 85 heat shock protein gene spots, 69 ribosomal protein gene spots, 112 randomly generated negative control spots and 470 blanks. The oligonucleotide microarray was screened with samples obtained from pigs at 60 days of gestation and 7 weeks of age postnatal (n = 3 per age). Six oligonucleotide microarray slides were screened. All samples were used twice, labeled once with Cy3 and once with Cy5, and each 60 day gestation sample was randomly paired with two different 7 week postnatal samples.
Project description:Expression data from Sheep longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle during development; fetal lambs (80, 100, 120 days gestation), new born lambs at birth (150 d) and lambs at 12 weeks (230 d) The fetal to neonatal developmental transition corresponds with profound changes in skeletal muscle function as it adapts to the new physiological demands of locomotion and postural support against gravity. The mechanisms underpinning this adaption process are unclear but are likely to be initiated by changes in hormone levels occurring during the major developmental transition. We tested the hypothesis that this period is associated with changes in the transcription of skeletal muscle genes, particularly genes involved in oxidative metabolism. Using an ovine model, transcriptional profiling was performed on longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle taken at three fetal developmental time points (80, 100 and 120 d of fetal development) as well as two postnatal time points, one within 3 days after birth and a second at 12 weeks of age. The developmental time course was dominated by large changes in the expression of 2471 genes during the period from late fetal development (120 d fetal development) to birth (within 1-3 days of birth). Analysis of the functions of the genes that were uniquely up-regulated in this period showed strong enrichment for oxidative metabolism and the TCA cycle indicating enhanced mitochondrial activity. Indeed, histological examination of tissues from these developmental time points directly demonstrated a marked increase in mitochondrial activity between the late fetal and early post-natal samples. The genes that were down-regulated in this period suggested de-emphasis of an array of biological functions including Wnt signaling, cell adhesion and differentiation. There were also changes in the expression of genes prior to this late fetal â postnatal transition and between the two postnatal time points that involved a variety of biological functions. It is concluded that there is substantial and coordinated changes in the transcription of a large number of genes in skeletal muscle which underpin the adaption of muscle to the new physiological demands in the postnatal environment. Microarrays were used for transcription profiling of skeletal muscle samples taken from fetal lambs (80, 100, 120 days gestation), new born lambs at birth (150 d) and lambs at 12 weeks (230 d) Sheep used in this experiment were bred from a research flock of Dorset/Suffolk/Rambouillet cross-bred sheep raised at Utah State University and cared for and euthanased for sample collection in accordance with the animal ethics guidelines of Utah State University (Utah, USA). Longissimus dorsi (LD) skeletal muscle samples were taken from fetal lambs at 80, 100 and 120 days of gestation, new born lambs within 1 to 3 days of birth (i.e. 150 days of development) and young lambs at 12 weeks of age (230 days of development). Three individuals were sampled at each developmental time
Project description:The skeletal muscle growth and development is a very complicated but precisely regulated process with interwoven molecular mechanisms. Skeletal muscle is a very heterogeneous tissue that is made up of a large variety of functionally diverse fiber types. Muscle mass is therefore largely determined by the number and size of those fibres. These fibre characteristics are determined by hyperplasia before birth and by hypertrophy after. Around 65 dpc and three postnatal stages (newborn, 3 days; young, 60 days; and mature, 120 days) are key time points in swine skeletal muscle growth and development. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying porcine skeletal muscle growth and development. Porcine longissimus dorsi muscles were selected at four stages of development for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We sought to investigate the global gene expression patterns accompanying the skeletal muscle development. To that end, we selected longissimus dorsi muscles at four time-points: 65 days post coitus, 3 days, 60 days and 120 days afterbirth.
Project description:Expression data from Sheep longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle during development; fetal lambs (80, 100, 120 days gestation), new born lambs at birth (150 d) and lambs at 12 weeks (230 d) The fetal to neonatal developmental transition corresponds with profound changes in skeletal muscle function as it adapts to the new physiological demands of locomotion and postural support against gravity. The mechanisms underpinning this adaption process are unclear but are likely to be initiated by changes in hormone levels occurring during the major developmental transition. We tested the hypothesis that this period is associated with changes in the transcription of skeletal muscle genes, particularly genes involved in oxidative metabolism. Using an ovine model, transcriptional profiling was performed on longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle taken at three fetal developmental time points (80, 100 and 120 d of fetal development) as well as two postnatal time points, one within 3 days after birth and a second at 12 weeks of age. The developmental time course was dominated by large changes in the expression of 2471 genes during the period from late fetal development (120 d fetal development) to birth (within 1-3 days of birth). Analysis of the functions of the genes that were uniquely up-regulated in this period showed strong enrichment for oxidative metabolism and the TCA cycle indicating enhanced mitochondrial activity. Indeed, histological examination of tissues from these developmental time points directly demonstrated a marked increase in mitochondrial activity between the late fetal and early post-natal samples. The genes that were down-regulated in this period suggested de-emphasis of an array of biological functions including Wnt signaling, cell adhesion and differentiation. There were also changes in the expression of genes prior to this late fetal – postnatal transition and between the two postnatal time points that involved a variety of biological functions. It is concluded that there is substantial and coordinated changes in the transcription of a large number of genes in skeletal muscle which underpin the adaption of muscle to the new physiological demands in the postnatal environment. Microarrays were used for transcription profiling of skeletal muscle samples taken from fetal lambs (80, 100, 120 days gestation), new born lambs at birth (150 d) and lambs at 12 weeks (230 d)
Project description:We performed transcriptome analysis of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle during four development stages (60, 120, 240 and 400 days after birth) in Laiwu pigs, an indigenous fatty pig breed in North China. This study provides a reference for exploring transcriptome regulation mechanisms affecting muscle growth and development in obese pigs.
Project description:To characterize the mechanism of porcine skeletal muscle development, transcriptome analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle between Shaziling and Yorkshire pig breeds Three male Shaziling pigs and three male Yorkshire pigs from two full-sibs families at 25-days old were slaughtered
Project description:We performed DNA methylation analysis of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle between two development stages (120 and 240 days after birth) in Laiwu pigs, an indigenous fatty pig breed in North China. This study provides a reference for exploring methylation regulation mechanisms affecting fat deposition in obese pigs.