Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Transcriptional Activation by Oct4 Is Sufficient for the Maintenance and Induction of Pluripotency

ABSTRACT: Oct4 is an essential regulator of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency in vivo and in vitro, as well as a key mediator of the reprogramming of somatic cells to form induced pluriopotent stem (iPS) cells. It is not known whether activation and/or repression of specific genes by Oct4 is relevant to these functions. Here we show that fusion proteins containing the coding sequence of Oct4 or Xlpou91 (the Xenopus homologue of Oct4) fused to activating regions, but not those fused to repressing regions, behave as Oct4, suppressing differentiation and promoting maintenance of undifferentiated phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. An Oct4 activation domain fusion supported ES cell self-renewal in vitro at lower concentrations than required for Oct4 while alleviating the ordinary requirement for the cytokine LIF. At still lower levels of the fusion, LIF-dependence was restored. We conclude that the necessary and sufficient function of Oct4 in promoting pluripotency is to activate specific target genes. Two independent clones from each cell line were used as biological replications. Cy3-CTP-labelled sample targets were prepared from 2.5 ?g of total RNA using the Low RNA Input Fluorescent Linear Amplification Kit (Agilent). Cy5-CTP-labelled reference target was produced from 2.5 ?g of Stratagene Universal Mouse Reference RNA. Purified target RNA were hybridized to the NIA Mouse 44K Microarray v3.0 (whole genome 60-mer oligo arrays, Agilent Technology, design ID 015087) (Carter et al., 2005) according to the manufacturer's protocol (Two-Colour Microarray-Based Gene Expression Analysis Protocol, Version 5.0.1). Slides were scanned with an Agilent DNA Microarray Scanner (model G2505-64120) at 100% PMT for the Cy3 channel and 10% PMT for the Cy5 channel with a scan resolution of 5µm. Data was analyzed using NIA Array Analysis (Sharov et al., 2005) using standard statistical conditions (FDR<0.05, 2-fold expression levels change) to unveil genes with changes in expression levels between the samples and controls.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Minoru Ko

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-24563 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:In this study we have compared functional and molecular properties of highly purified murine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell- and embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CM). In order to obtain large amounts of purified CM, we have generated a transgenic murine iPS cell line, which expresses puromycin resistance protein N-acetyltransferase and EGFP under the control of the cardiomyocyte-specific α-myosin heavy chain promoter (alphaMHC-Puro-IRES-GFP, aPiG). We demonstrate that murine aPIG-iPS and aPIG-ES cells differentiate into spontaneously beating CM at comparable efficiencies. When selected with puromycin both cell types yielded more than 97% pure population of CMs. Both aPIG-iPS and aPIG-ES cell-derived CM express typical cardiac transcripts and structural proteins and possess similar sarcomeric organization. Action potential recordings revealed that iPS- and ES cell-derived CM respond to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor modulation, express functional voltage-gated sodium, calcium and potassium channels and possess comparable current densities. Comparison of global gene expression profiles of CM generated from iPS and ES cells revealed that both cell types cluster close to each other but are highly distant to undifferentiated ES or iPS cells as well as unpurified iPS and ES cell-derived embryoid bodies (EB). Both iPS and ES cell-derived CMs express genes and functional categories typical for CM. They are enriched in genes involved in transcription and genes coding for structural proteins involved in cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. They also express genes involved in heart and muscle developmental processes, ion export and ion binding processes and various metabolic processes for ATP synthesis. These CMs downregulate genes involved in immune response, cell cycle and cell division, thus demonstrating the CMs population is mitotically inactive. Most surface signaling pathways are also downregulated. Thus, a transgenic aPiG-iPS cell line can provide a robust supply of highly purified and functional CMs for future in vitro and in vivo studies. Seven different experimental groups were included into analysis: undifferentiated murine ES cells (1) and undifferentiated murine iPS cells (2), murine ES cell-derived embyroid bodies (3) and murine iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies at day 16 of differentiation (4), murine ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes (5) and murine iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (6) at day 16 of differentiation (they were generated by puromycin selection for 7 days prior to RNA isolation). Adult mouse tail tip fibroblasts (7) were used as a control for iPS cells. Total RNA samples were prepared from three independent biological replicates in groups 1-6. In group 7, single RNA probes were analyzed as three technical replicates.

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Transcriptional Activation by Oct4 Is Sufficient for the Maintenance and Induction of Pluripotency

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