Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with an altered temporal pattern of transcription
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum
SUBMITTER: Sachel Mok
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-25883 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western Cambodia. This is a major threat to global plans to control and eliminate malaria as the artemisinins are a key component of antimalarial treatment throughout the world. Using DNA microarrays we identify key features of a transcriptional profile that are associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype. These include reduced expression of several basic metabolic and cellular pathways in the early stages, and increased expression of essentially all functionalities associated with protein metabolism in the later stages of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic development. This is consistent with the reduced ring stage susceptibility that characterizes artemisinin resistant P. falciparum. This modulation of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic transcriptome may result from differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as transcription factors of chromatin remodeling associated factors. In addition, the artemisinin resistant phenotype is strongly associated with a specific pattern of copy number variations, some of which are linked with differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as histone 4 and zinc permease. This study reports the first global transcriptional survey of artemisinin resistant parasites and provides a set of candidate genes for further investigation. 6 P. falciparum parasites (field isolates) which are either Artemsinin resistant or sensitive from 3 study sites (Pailin in Cambodia, Xepon in Laos, Mae Sot in Thailand) were sampled and harvested for genomic DNA. gDNA from a total of 6 samples were extracted by phenol chloroform. Synthesis of labelled target DNA was carried out as previously described: Mackinnon, M.J. et al. Comparative transcriptional and genomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000644 (2009), and used in comparative genomic microarray hybridizations (CGH).
2010-12-07 | E-GEOD-25879 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western Cambodia. This is a major threat to global plans to control and eliminate malaria as the artemisinins are a key component of antimalarial treatment throughout the world. Using DNA microarrays we identify key features of a transcriptional profile that are associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype. These include reduced expression of several basic metabolic and cellular pathways in the early stages, and increased expression of essentially all functionalities associated with protein metabolism in the later stages of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic development. This is consistent with the reduced ring stage susceptibility that characterizes artemisinin resistant P. falciparum. This modulation of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic transcriptome may result from differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as transcription factors of chromatin remodeling associated factors. In addition, the artemisinin resistant phenotype is strongly associated with a specific pattern of copy number variations, some of which are linked with differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as histone 4 and zinc permease. This study reports the first global transcriptional survey of artemisinin resistant parasites and provides a set of candidate genes for further investigation. 11 P. falciparum parasites (field isolates) which are either Artemsinin resistant or sensitive from 3 study sites (Pailin in Cambodia, Xepon in Laos, Mae Sot in Thailand) were sampled, grown ex-vivo over 48 hours and harvested at regular intervals. RNA from a total of 91 samples were extracted. Synthesis of target DNA was carried out as previously described: Mackinnon, M.J. et al. Comparative transcriptional and genomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000644 (2009), and used in microarray hybridizations.
2010-12-07 | E-GEOD-25878 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Calcium is a universal second messenger molecule which plays a significant role in several biological processes. Presence of calcium sensors (calmodulins) and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Plasmodium species suggests an important role of calcium-dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of cellular processes in the malaria parasites. Evidence for the transcriptional response of Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages to the well-known calcium ionophore ionomycin has been presented here. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was carried out with total DNA isolated from the untreated parasites and the parasites treated with the calcium ionophores (ionomycin 5 μM concentration) at 1 hour, 4 hours and 6 hours post treatment. Genomic DNA from the isolates was extracted by phenol chloroform. 3 μg of the total DNA from each of the isolate was subjected to klenow(NEB) reaction as described in Bozdech Z, Llinas M, Pulliam BL, Wong ED, Zhu J, DeRisi JL: The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol 2003, 1(1):E5. Treated DNA labeled with Cy3 was then hybridized against untreated DNA labeled with Cy5.
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33605 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Calcium is a universal second messenger molecule which plays a significant role in several biological processes. Presence of calcium sensors (calmodulins) and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Plasmodium species suggests an important role of calcium-dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of cellular processes in the malaria parasites. Evidence for the transcriptional response of Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages to the well-known calcium ionophore A23187 has been presented here. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was carried out with total DNA isolated from the untreated parasites and the parasites treated with the calcium ionophore (A23187 5 μM concentration) at 1 hour, 4 hours and 6 hours post treatment. Genomic DNA from the isolates was extracted by phenol chloroform. 3 μg of the total DNA from each of the isolate was subjected to klenow(NEB) reaction as described in Bozdech Z, Llinas M, Pulliam BL, Wong ED, Zhu J, DeRisi JL: The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol 2003, 1(1):E5. Treated DNA labeled with Cy3 was then hybridized against untreated DNA labeled with Cy5.
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33764 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: Malaria is a one of the most important infectious diseases and is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Previously, the quantitative characterization of the P. falciparum transcriptome demonstrated that the strictly controlled progression of these parasites through their intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle is accompanied by a continuous cascade of gene expression. Although such analyses have proven immensely useful, the precise correlations between transcript and protein abundance remain under-scrutinized. Results: Here, we present a quantitative time-course analysis of relative protein abundance for schizont-stage parasites (34-46 hours post-invasion) based on 2D-gel electrophoresis of protein samples labeled with DIGE fluorescent dyes. For this purpose we analyzed parasite samples taken at four-hour intervals from a tightly synchronized culture and established more than 500 individual protein abundance profiles with high temporal resolution and quantitative reproducibility. Approximately half of all profiles exhibit a significant change in abundance and 12% display an expression peak during the observed 12-hour time interval. Intriguingly, identification of 54 protein spots by mass spectrometry revealed that 58% of the corresponding proteins including actin-I, enolase, eIF4A, eIF5A, and several heat shock proteins are represented by more than one isoform, presumably due to post-translational modifications, with the various isoforms of a given protein frequently showing different expression patterns. Furthermore, comparisons with transcriptome data generated from the same parasite samples reveal significant post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Conclusions: Together, our data indicate that both post-transcriptional and post-translational events are widespread and of presumably great biological significance during the intra-erythrocytic development of P. falciparum. Additional comment: In essence, the microarray data generated in this study is a repeat of the transcriptome analysis described in Bozdech et al., PLoS Biol 2003, 1(1):E5. Differences include (1) an improved set of oligonucleotides [see Hu et al., BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8:350] used in the study associated with this GEO entry, and (2) the sampling at only four timepoints during the intra-erythrocytic development cycle (schizont stage) to match and complement the samples processed in the concomitant proteomics analysis. Four timepoint samples were harvested from a tightly synchronized 6 liter biofermenter culture of P. falciparum during schizont stage (at 34, 38, 42, and 46 hours post-invasion) and compared against a 3D7 RNA reference pool.
2010-05-05 | E-GEOD-13251 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Calcium is a universal second messenger molecule which plays a significant role in several biological processes. Presence of calcium sensors (calmodulins) and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Plasmodium species suggests an important role of calcium-dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of cellular processes in the malaria parasites. Evidence for the transcriptional response of Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages to the well-known calcium ionophore A23187 has been presented here. P. falciparum 3D7 strain was cultured as described by Bozdech Z, Llinas M, Pulliam BL, Wong ED, Zhu J, DeRisi JL: The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol 2003, 1(1):E5. Calcium ionophore treatment was done as follows. Parasites at schizont stage were treated with 5 μM of calcium ionophore, A23187 for 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours. Total RNA from each of the time points was isolated and aminoallyl-cDNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase system (Fermentas). cDNA made from the treated parasites were labeled with Cy5 (GE-Amersham). A reference pool was made by mixing equal amount of cDNA from the parasites collected at 6 hours interval throughout the 48 hours life cycle and was labeled with Cy3 (GE-Amersham). The samples were then hybridized on a spotted cDNA chip platform comprising 10166 MOEs representing 5363 coding sequences as described in Hu G, Cabrera A, Kono M, Mok S, Chaal BK, Haase S, Engelberg K, Cheemadan S, Spielmann T, Preiser PR, Gilberger TW, Bozdech Z: Transcriptional profiling of growth perturbations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Biotechnol, 2009. 28(1): p. 91-8. The data was normalized and filtered with the condition, signal intensity>background intensity + 2 SD of background intensity) using NOMAD.
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33797 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Calcium is a universal second messenger molecule which plays a significant role in several biological processes. Presence of calcium sensors (calmodulins) and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Plasmodium species suggests an important role of calcium-dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of cellular processes in the malaria parasites. Evidence for extracellular calcium chelation of the control Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages treated with the calcium ionophore EGTA ans later with ionomycin has been presented here. P. falciparum 3D7 strain was cultured as described by Bozdech Z, Llinas M, Pulliam BL, Wong ED, Zhu J, DeRisi JL: The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol 2003, 1(1):E5. Total RNA from each of the time points was isolated and aminoallyl-cDNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase system (Fermentas). cDNA made from the parasites treated with 3 mM of EGTA and later with 5 μM ionomycin were labeled with Cy5 (GE-Amersham). A reference pool was made by mixing equal amount of cDNA from the parasites collected at 6 hours interval throughout the 48 hours life cycle and was labeled with Cy3 (GE-Amersham). The samples were then hybridized on a spotted cDNA chip platform comprising 10166 MOEs representing 5363 coding sequences as described in Hu G, Cabrera A, Kono M, Mok S, Chaal BK, Haase S, Engelberg K, Cheemadan S, Spielmann T, Preiser PR, Gilberger TW, Bozdech Z: Transcriptional profiling of growth perturbations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Biotechnol, 2009. 28(1): p. 91-8. The data was normalized and filtered with the condition, signal intensity>background intensity + 2 SD of background intensity) using NOMAD.
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33836 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE33795: P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) schizonts untreated control vs P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) reference RNA pool GSE33796: P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) schizonts treated with ionomycin vs P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) reference RNA pool GSE33797: P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) schizonts treated with A23187 vs P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) reference RNA pool Refer to individual Series
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33868 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE33834: extracellular calcium chelation experiment_P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) schizonts untreated vs P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) reference RNA pool GSE33835: extracellular calcium chelation experiment_P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) schizonts treated with ionomycin vs P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) reference RNA pool GSE33836: extracellular calcium chelation experiment_P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) schizonts treated with EGTA and ionomycin vs P. falciparum (lab strain 3d7) reference RNA pool Refer to individual Series
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33869 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Calcium is a universal second messenger molecule which plays a significant role in several biological processes. Presence of calcium sensors (calmodulins) and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Plasmodium species suggests an important role of calcium-dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of cellular processes in the malaria parasites. Evidence for the transcriptional response of control Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages not treated with the calcium ionophores, A23187 and ionomycin has been presented here. P. falciparum 3D7 strain was cultured as described by Bozdech Z, Llinas M, Pulliam BL, Wong ED, Zhu J, DeRisi JL: The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol 2003, 1(1):E5. Total RNA from each of the time points was isolated and aminoallyl-cDNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase system (Fermentas). cDNA made from the untreated parasites were labeled with Cy5 (GE-Amersham). A reference pool was made by mixing equal amount of cDNA from the parasites collected at 6 hours interval throughout the 48 hours life cycle and was labeled with Cy3 (GE-Amersham). The samples were then hybridized on a spotted cDNA chip platform comprising 10166 MOEs representing 5363 coding sequences as described in Hu G, Cabrera A, Kono M, Mok S, Chaal BK, Haase S, Engelberg K, Cheemadan S, Spielmann T, Preiser PR, Gilberger TW, Bozdech Z: Transcriptional profiling of growth perturbations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Biotechnol, 2009. 28(1): p. 91-8. The data was normalized and filtered with the condition, signal intensity>background intensity + 2 SD of background intensity) using NOMAD.
2012-07-14 | E-GEOD-33795 | biostudies-arrayexpress