ChIP-seq analysis reveals distinct H3K27me3 profiles associated with gene regulation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Matthew Young
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-27970 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Similar Datasets
Project description:Transcriptional control is dependent on a vast network of epigenetic modifications. One epigenetic mark of particular interest is tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), which is catalyzed and maintained by the Polycomb Repressor Complex (PRC2). Although this histone mark is studied widely, the precise relationship between its local pattern of enrichment and regulation of gene expression is currently unclear. We have used ChIP-seq to generate genome wide maps of H3K27me3 enrichment, and have identified three enrichment profiles with distinct regulatory consequences. First, a broad domain of H3K27me3 enrichment across the body of genes corresponds to the canonical view of H3K27me3 as inhibitory to transcription. Second, a peak of enrichment around the transcription start site is commonly associated with â??bivalentâ?? genes, where H3K4me3 also marks the TSS. Finally and most surprisingly, we identified an enrichment profile with a peak in the promoter of genes that is associated with active transcription. Genes with each of these three profiles were found in different proportions in each of the cell types studied. The data analysis techniques developed here will be useful for the identification of common enrichment profiles for other histone modifications that have important consequences for transcriptional regulation. Genomic DNA was extracted from ES cells and G1ME cells in mouse. ChIP-seq with antibodies for H3K27me3, RNApol-II were run for both cell types. As a control, whole cell extract or Input DNA was also sequenced for both cell types without the inclusion of an antibody.
2011-03-21 | E-GEOD-27967 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcriptional control is dependent on a vast network of epigenetic modifications. One epigenetic mark of particular interest is tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), which is catalyzed and maintained by the Polycomb Repressor Complex (PRC2). Although this histone mark is studied widely, the precise relationship between its local pattern of enrichment and regulation of gene expression is currently unclear. We have used ChIP-seq to generate genome wide maps of H3K27me3 enrichment, and have identified three enrichment profiles with distinct regulatory consequences. First, a broad domain of H3K27me3 enrichment across the body of genes corresponds to the canonical view of H3K27me3 as inhibitory to transcription. Second, a peak of enrichment around the transcription start site is commonly associated with “bivalent” genes, where H3K4me3 also marks the TSS. Finally and most surprisingly, we identified an enrichment profile with a peak in the promoter of genes that is associated with active transcription. Genes with each of these three profiles were found in different proportions in each of the cell types studied. The data analysis techniques developed here will be useful for the identification of common enrichment profiles for other histone modifications that have important consequences for transcriptional regulation. Expression profiling of Gata1 null Megakaryocyte Erythroid cells (G1ME cells) Supplementary file: Comprehensive matrix representing the entire gene expression dataset (i.e., GSM691834 and GSM691835, plus the re-analyzed Samples from Series GSE8024).
2011-03-21 | E-GEOD-27969 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The coiled-coil domain of EPG5 was synthesized as follows: Biotin-MNKNEAVSQQIHVLQKEVRQLQAE AAQ (from Beijing SciLight Biotechnology, LCC). 1 mg of this short peptide was incubated with ES cells lysates followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-biotin beads. The precipitates were extensively washed with lysis buffer then boiled with SDS loading buffer and subjected to SDS–PAGE. Total proteins were excised from the gels, then subjected to in-gel digestion and analysis by LC-MS/MS.
2019-02-25 | PXD012563 | Pride
Project description:Epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome by DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine) has a profound impact on chromatin structure, gene expression and maintenance of cellular identity. Recent demonstration that members of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) raised the possibility that Tet proteins are capable of establishing a distinct epigenetic state. We have recently demonstrated that Tet1 is specifically expressed in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and is required for ES cell self-renewal and maintenance. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), here we show that Tet1 is preferentially bound to CpG-rich sequences at promoters of both transcriptionally active and Polycomb-repressed genes. Despite a general increase in levels of DNA methylation at Tet1 binding-sites, Tet1 depletion does not lead to down-regulation of all the Tet1 targets. Interestingly, while Tet1-mediated promoter hypomethylation is required for maintaining the expression of a group of transcriptionally active genes, it is also required for repression of Polycomb-targeted developmental regulators. Tet1 contributes to silencing of this group of genes by facilitating recruitment of PRC2 to CpG-rich gene promoters. Thus, our study not only establishes a role for Tet1 in modulating DNA methylation levels at CpG-rich promoters, but also reveals a dual function of Tet1 in promoting transcription of pluripotency factors as well as participating in the repression of Polycomb-targeted developmental regulators. Chromatin or genomic DNA extracted from control (Con) or Tet1 knockdown (KD) mouse ES cells was immunoprecipitated with indicated antibodies and analyzed by NimbleGen 2.1M mouse whole genome tiling microarrays (a 4-array set covering the entired non-repetitive portion of mouse genome). Whole cell extract (WCE) was used as input controls in IP/input experiments. In IP/IP experiments, immunoprecipitated DNA from Con KD and Tet1 KD ES cells was directly compared on the same microarrays.
2011-03-30 | E-GEOD-26827 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:3 different ES cell lines were compared in order to determine whether there are significant expression profile differences between ES cell lines, or whether the constraints of maintaining pluripotency in culture force a similar expression profile on cell lines derived from disparate sources. Our results indicate that the latter is more likely. We identified 21 genes that were significantly differentially regulated, either on comparison with the pooled control, or on direct comparison of individual ES cell line data from different slides. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR on 3 separate isolates from each cell line, we have confirmed 4 of these genes as consistently differentially regulated, Hprt, and 3 others. We would conclude therefore that different ES cell lines at the same passage number in identical culture conditions show very similar expression profiles. Keywords: cell type comparison Cardiff University Array Facility NIA 15K slides were used in conjunction with 3 different RNA isolates from each of the ES cell lines. A pooled control was assembled using equal quantities of cells from each cell line, RNA was extracted and labelled, for use on every slide. Fluor switches were carried out, and 12 replicates were used for each cell line (3 biological replicates). The ES cell lines were each derived from different sources; IMT11 cells are derived from 129 strain mice. HM1 cells are also derived from 129 mice, but are missing a functional copy of Hprt. SHBl6.3 cells are derived from the less permissive C57Bl6/J mouse strain. Data were analysed as described in the GSM submissions.
2007-08-03 | E-GEOD-8625 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cell fate specification relies on the action of critical transcription factors that become available at distinct stages of embryonic development. One such factor is NeuroD1, which is essential for eliciting the neuronal development program and possesses the ability to reprogram other cell types into neurons. Given this capacity, it is important to understand its targets and the mechanism underlying neuronal specification. Here, we show that NeuroD1 directly binds regulatory elements of neuronal genes that are developmentally silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. This targeting is sufficient to initiate events that confer transcriptional competence, including reprogramming of transcription factor landscape, conversion of heterochromatin to euchromatin and increased chromatin accessibility, indicating potential pioneer factor ability of NeuroD1. The transcriptional induction of neuronal fate genes is maintained via epigenetic memory despite a transient NeuroD1 induction during neurogenesis. Our study not only reveals the NeuroD1-dependent gene regulatory program driving neurogenesis but also increases our understanding of how cell-fate specification during development involves a concerted action of transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. 1. Ectopic NeuroD1 was induced for 48 hours (+Dox) in ES cells for checking initiation of neuronal transcriptional program in comparison to uninduced condition (-Dox) 2. ChIP-seq was performed after 24 hours of NeuroD1 induction in ES cells.
2015-11-02 | E-GEOD-65072 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In mammals, extensive chromatin reorganization is essential for reprogramming terminally committed gametes to a totipotent state during preimplantation development. However, the global chromatin landscape and its dynamics in this period remain unexplored. Here we report a genome-wide map of accessible chromatin in mouse preimplantation embryos using an improved assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) approach with CRISPR/Cas9-assisted mitochondrial DNA depletion. We show that despite extensive parental asymmetry in DNA methylomes, the chromatin accessibility between the parental genomes is globally comparable after major zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Accessible chromatin in early embryos is widely shaped by transposable elements and overlaps extensively with putative cis-regulatory sequences. Unexpectedly, accessible chromatin is also found near the transcription end sites of active genes. By integrating the maps of cis-regulatory elements and single-cell transcriptomes, we construct the regulatory network of early development, which helps to identify the key modulators for lineage specification. Finally, we find that the activities of cis-regulatory elements and their associated open chromatin diminished before major ZGA. Surprisingly, we observed many loci showing non-canonical, large open chromatin domains over the entire transcribed units in minor ZGA, supporting the presence of an unusually permissive chromatin state. Together, these data reveal a unique spatiotemporal chromatin configuration that accompanies early mammalian development. Mouse preimplantation embryos were obtained from crosses of C57BL/6N and DBA/2N. ATAC-seq was performed in these embryos at various stages in preimplantation development.
2016-06-15 | E-GEOD-66581 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Embryonic stem (ES) cells continuously decide whether to maintain pluripotency or differentiate. While exogenous LIF and BMP4 perpetuate a pluripotent state, less is known about factors initiating differentiation. We show that heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are critical co-receptors for signals inducing ES cell differentiation. Genetic targeting of NDST1 and 2, two enzymes required for N-sulfation of proteoglycans, blocked differentiation. This phenotype was rescued by HS presented in trans or by soluble heparin. NaClO3-, which reduces sulfation of proteoglycans, potently blocked differentiation of wild type cells. Mechanistically, N-sulfation was identified to be critical for functional autocrine FGF4 signalling. Micro array analysis identified the pluripotency maintaining transcription factors Nanog, KLF2/4/8, Tbx3 and Tcf3 to be negatively regulated, whereas markers of differentiation such as Gbx2, Dnmt3b, FGF5 and Brachyury were induced by sulfation-dependent-FGFR signalling. We show that several of these genes are heterogeneously expressed in ES cells and targeting of heparan sulfation or FGFR-signalling facilitated a homogenous Nanog/KLF4/Tbx3 positive ES cell state. This finding suggests that the recently discovered heterogeneous state of ES cells is regulated by HS-dependent FGFR signalling. Similarly, culturing blastocysts with NaClO3- eliminated GATA6 positive primitive endoderm progenitors generating a homogenous Nanog positive inner cell mass. Functionally, reduction of sulfation robustly improved de novo ES cell derivation efficiency. We conclude that N-sulfated HS is required for FGF4 signalling to maintain ES cells primed for differentiation in a heterogeneous state. Inhibiting this pathway facilitates a more naïve ground state. Four groups with three biological replicates and a technical duplicate in each
2010-04-09 | E-GEOD-15974 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:RNA was isolated from control and Smg6 deficient ES cells using the TRIzol (Invitrogen) reagent by following the company manual. For all samples the RNA integrity was checked using an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100. All samples showed a RIN (RNA integrity number) of higher than 9. Approximately 2.5 M-BM-5g of total RNA was then used for library preparation using a TruSeqM-bM-^DM-" RNA Sample Prep Kit v2 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturerM-bM-^@M-^Ys protocol.The libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2000 (Illumina) in single-read mode, creating reads with a length of 50 bp. Sequencing chemistry v2 (Illumina) was used and samples were multiplexed in two samples per lane. Examination of gene expressive levels in normal and Smg6 deficient mouse ES cells
2013-08-14 | E-GEOD-49844 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Recent studies have demonstrated that the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family proteins can enzymatically convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). While 5mC has been studied extensively, little is known about the distribution and function of 5hmC. Here we present a genome-wide profile of 5hmC in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. A combined analysis of global 5hmC distribution and gene expression profile in wild-type and Tet1-depleted ES cells revealed suggests that 5hmC is enriched at both gene bodies of actively transcribed genes and extended promoter regions of Polycomb-repressed developmental regulators. Thus, our study reveals the first genome-wide 5hmC distribution in pluripotent stem cells and supports its dual function in regulating gene expression. Genomic DNA extracted from control (Con) or Tet1 knockdown (KD) mouse ES cells was immunoprecipitated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) antibodies and analyzed by NimbleGen 2.1M mouse whole genome tiling microarrays (a 4-array set covering the entired non-repetitive portion of mouse genome). Whole cell extract (WCE) was used as input controls in IP/input experiments.
2011-03-30 | E-GEOD-27613 | biostudies-arrayexpress