Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Expression profiling of a spf deletion mutant suggests biological roles and mRNA targets for Spot 42 in the fish pathogen Aliivibrio salmonicida

ABSTRACT: Spot 42 was discovered in Escherichia coli nearly 40 years ago as an abundant, small and unstable RNA. Its biological role remained obscure until it was shown to cause discoordinate expression of the galactose operon (gal operon). Recently Spot 42 has also been implicated in having broader roles in the central and secondary metabolism. Spot 42 is encoded by the spf gene. The gene is ubiquitous in the Vibrionaceae family of gamma-proteobacteria, which includes a number of serious pathogens of humans and animals, including the infamous Vibrio cholerae. One member of this family, Aliivibrio salmonicida, causes cold-water vibriosis in farmed Atlantic salmon. Its genome encodes Spot 42 with 84 % identity to E. coli Spot 42 (spf). We generated a A. salmonicida spf deletion mutant. We then and used microarray and Northern blot analyses to monitor global effects on the transcriptome in order to provide insights into the biological roles of Spot 42 in this bacterium. In the presence of glucose we found a surprisingly large number of ≥2× differentially expressed genes, and several major cellular processes were affected, such as carbohydrate metabolism and transport, motility and chemotaxis, iron homeostasis and quorum sensing. A gene encoding a pirin-like protein (VSAL_I1200) showed an on/off expression pattern in the presence/absence of Spot 42, which suggests that Spot 42 plays a key regulatory role in the central metabolism by regulating the switch between fermentation and respiration. Interestingly, in a global search we discovered a sRNA, named VSsrna24, which is encoded immediately downstream of spf. This new sRNA has an expression pattern opposite to that of Spot 42, and its expression is highly dependent on glucose. Our hypothesis is that this novel sRNA works in concert with Spot 42 to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and uptake. Two-condition experiment, wild type cells (control samples) vs. spf mutants grown in A. salmonicida-specific minimal media (ASMM) (stimulated samples). Samples were prepared by culturing the A. salmonicida wild type and a spf deletion mutant strains at 12 °C in ASMM without any added carbon source to OD 600nm 0.4. At this density glucose to 44.4 mM was added. Samples were collected 15 min after stimulation. Biological replicates for each sample: 3 wild type, 3 spf mutant, independently grown and harvested. One replicate per array.

ORGANISM(S): Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238

SUBMITTER: Erik Hjerde

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-28087 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density regulated communication system that bacteria use to coordinate activities, including biofilm formation, involved in colonization and pathogenesis. We have previously shown that inactivation of the QS master regulator LitR attenuates the Vibrio (Allivibrio) salmonicida strain LFI1238 in a fish model. In this work we show that LFI1238 as well as a panel of naturally occurring V. salmonicidia strains are poor biofilm producers. Inactivation of litR strongly enhances medium and temperature dependent adhesion, rugose colony morphology and biofilm formation. Chemical treatment and scanning electron microscopy of the biofilm identified an extracellular matrix consisting mainly of protein filaments and polysaccharides. Further, microarray analysis of planktonic and biofilm cells identified a number of genes regulated by LitR, and among these were homologues of the Vibrio fischeri symbiosis polysaccharide (syp) genes. Disruption of syp alleviated the different phenotypes regulated by LitR in V. salmonicida. Hence, LitR is a repressor of syp expression that is necessary for rugose colony morphology, adhesion and biofilm formation, three phenotypes of the DlitR mutant that are expressed at temperatures below 12M-BM-:C. The DlitR mutant mimics low cell density behavior suggesting that these phenotypes are important during the initial steps of colonization. Although the syp operon in V. salmonicida shows identical gene synteny to the one in the squid symbiont V. fischeri, its regulation is probably more related to vibrio polysaccharide (vps) expression in the human pathogenic Vibrio cholera which is controlled by the LitR homologue HapR. V. salmonicida wild type strain LFI1238 (control) and the isogenic DlitR mutant were grown as statical biofilm in SWT medium, at 4M-BM-0C and harvested after 72 hours. Biological replicates for each sample: 4 wild type, 4 DlitR mutant (including one dye swap), independently grown and harvested. One replicate per array.

Project description:Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density regulated communication system that bacteria use to coordinate activities, including biofilm formation, involved in colonization and pathogenesis. We have previously shown that inactivation of the QS master regulator LitR attenuates the Vibrio (Allivibrio) salmonicida strain LFI1238 in a fish model. In this work we show that LFI1238 as well as a panel of naturally occurring V. salmonicidia strains are poor biofilm producers. Inactivation of litR strongly enhances medium and temperature dependent adhesion, rugose colony morphology and biofilm formation. Chemical treatment and scanning electron microscopy of the biofilm identified an extracellular matrix consisting mainly of protein filaments and polysaccharides. Further, microarray analysis of planktonic and biofilm cells identified a number of genes regulated by LitR, and among these were homologues of the Vibrio fischeri symbiosis polysaccharide (syp) genes. Disruption of syp alleviated the different phenotypes regulated by LitR in V. salmonicida. Hence, LitR is a repressor of syp expression that is necessary for rugose colony morphology, adhesion and biofilm formation, three phenotypes of the DlitR mutant that are expressed at temperatures below 12M-BM-:C. The DlitR mutant mimics low cell density behavior suggesting that these phenotypes are important during the initial steps of colonization. Although the syp operon in V. salmonicida shows identical gene synteny to the one in the squid symbiont V. fischeri, its regulation is probably more related to vibrio polysaccharide (vps) expression in the human pathogenic Vibrio cholera which is controlled by the LitR homologue HapR. V. salmonicida wild type strain LFI1238 (control) and the isogenic DlitR deletion mutant were grown in suspension in SWT medium at 8M-BM-0C with 200 rpm and harvested at OD=0.8. Biological replicates for each sample: 4 wild type, 4 DlitR mutant (including one dye swap), independently grown and harvested. One replicate per array.

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Expression profiling of a spf deletion mutant suggests biological roles and mRNA targets for Spot 42 in the fish pathogen Aliivibrio salmonicida

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