Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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IL-12 induces myeloid cells in situ to cross-present antigen

ABSTRACT: Myeloid-derived cells comprising the tumor stroma represent a heterogeneous population of cells critical to the structure, function and growth of established cancers. We have recently found that engineering tumor-specific CD8+ T cells to secrete IL-12 (IL-12TD) can lead to striking improvements in T-cell activity against established melanomas in murine models. Surprisingly, IL-12-dependent enhancement of CD8+ T-cell anti-tumor function did not occur through direct ligation of receptors on lymphocytes or NK cells. Instead, IL-12 sensitized host bone marrow-derived tumor-stromal cells, partly through interferon-gamma, to indirectly enhance the effects of adoptively-transferred T cells. Direct presentation of antigen by tumor was not necessary, but MHC class I expression on endogenous cells was essential for IL-12 mediated anti-tumor enhancements. Upon successful treatment with IL-12TD cells, we observed the selective elimination of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages, CD11b+/ClassII+/CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD11b+/Ly6C+/Ly6G- but not CD11b+/Ly6C+/Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells within regressing lesions. These results are consistent with a model whereby IL-12 triggers the maturation of myeloid-derived cells into competent antigen cross-presenting cells. Licensed recognition of these antigens by effector T cells may in turn trigger the collapse of the tumor stroma and aid in the regression of large vascularized lesions. Samples were collected at 3 days and 7 days from tumors treated in-vivo with no treatment, Mock pmel-1 CD8+ cell treatment, or IL-12 pmel-1 CD8+ cell treatment. There were 4 biological replicates of each sample type. There were a total of 24 samples.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Francesco Marincola

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-29164 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

IL-12 triggers a programmatic change in dysfunctional myeloid-derived cells within mouse tumors.

Kerkar Sid P SP Goldszmid Romina S RS Muranski Pawel P Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi D Yu Zhiya Z Reger Robert N RN Leonardi Anthony J AJ Morgan Richard A RA Wang Ena E Marincola Francesco M FM Trinchieri Giorgio G Rosenberg Steven A SA Restifo Nicholas P NP

The Journal of clinical investigation 20111107 12

Solid tumors are complex masses with a local microenvironment, or stroma, that supports tumor growth and progression. Among the diverse tumor-supporting stromal cells is a heterogeneous population of myeloid-derived cells. These cells are alternatively activated and contribute to the immunosuppressive environment of the tumor; overcoming their immunosuppressive effects may improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. We recently found that engineering tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells to secrete ...[more]

PMID: 22056381

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Project description:Saliva (oral fluids) is an emerging biofluid poised for clinical diseases detection. Although the rationale for oral diseases applications (e.g. oral cancer) is clear, the rationale and relationship between systemic diseases and saliva biomarkers are unknown. In this study, we used mouse models of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer and compared the transcriptome biomarker profiles of tumor-bearing mice to those of control mice. Microarray analysis showed that salivary transcriptomes were significantly altered in tumor-bearing mice vs. controls. Analysis of the transcriptomes in the mouse tumors, serum, salivary glands and saliva revealed that salivary biomarkers have multiple origins. Furthermore, we identified that the expression of two groups of significantly altered transcription factors Runx1, Mlxipl, Trim30 and Egr1, Tbx1, Nr1d1 in melanoma-bearing mice that can potentially be responsible for 82.6% of the up-regulated genes expression and 62.5% of the down-regulated gene expression in the mice saliva, respectively. We also confirmed that the ectopic production of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the melanoma tumor tissue as a tumor-released mediator that can induce expression of the transcription factor Egr-1 in the salivary gland. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that upon systemic disease development, a disease-specific change occurs in the salivary biomarker profile. Although the origins of the disease-specific salivary biomarkers are both systemic and local, stimulation of salivary gland by mediators released from remote tumors play an important role in regulating the salivary surrogate biomarker profiles. Experiment Overall Design: Mice (either C57BL/6 mice or DBA/2 mice) were randomly assigned to control group and tumor group (15 animals per group). Melanoma mice model was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of B16-F1 cells in 0.1 ml PBS into the lower-right flank of C57BL/6 mice. The lung cancer model was established by s.c. injection of KLN-205 cells in DBA/2 mice. Control animal were injected with PBS alone. Established tumors were observed after 2-3 weeks. Experiment Overall Design: When tumors reached 15 mm in diameter saliva was collected and the mice were sacrificed. Mild anesthesia was induced. Mice saliva was stimulated, obtained and immediately placed in pre-schilled 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes. Collection was completed in 20 minutes and samples were stored at -80ÂºC until analyzed.In addition, Blood was collected in BD Vacutainer tubes containing clot activator (BD Biosciences). Salivary gland and tumor tissue were removed from mice, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80ÂºC. Experiment Overall Design: Experiment Overall Design: Salivary,salivary gland, serum or tumor RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) as described previously. There are 15 mice in the control group or tumor group (totally 30 C57BL/6 mice for melanoma mouse model, another 30 DBA/2 mice for lung cancer mouse model). Samples derived from 5 mice in each group were pooled and RNA extracted. The pooling is necessary to ensure sufficient salivary mRNA can be obtained for microarray analyses. Isolated total RNA was treated with recombinant DNase (Ambion, Austin, TX). For microarray analysis, mRNA from mouse saliva, gland or tumor was linearly amplified using the RiboAmp RNA Amplification kit (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). After purification, cDNA were in vitro transcribed and biotinylated using GeneChip Expression 3â-Amplification Reagents for in vitro transcription labeling (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The labeled RNAs was subsequently fragmented, hybridization and scanning.

Project description:Proteomic modifications linked to non-enzymatic glycation and glycoxidation are common in all tissues under hyperglycemic conditions, as present in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), mice bearing a homozygous mutation in leptin (so-called Ob/Ob mice, a common model of obesity and T2D) and mice subjected to a high fat diet (HFD). It has been already shown that the circulating levels of glycated or glycoxidated proteins (e.g., glycated hemoglobin or albumin) are commonly employed as a reliable indicator of overall glycemic status. Albeit these initial non-enzymatic reactions are reversible, following a series of chemical rearrangements protein glycation and glycoxidation become irreversible, generating the so-called advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are commonly detected in tissue proteins with an extended half-life, including dermal collagens as well as extracellular matrix proteins. In these proteins, Nϵ-carboxymethyllysine (CML), pentosidins, and glucosepane represent the most prevalent AGEs. As an additional, novel mechanism linking protein PTMs to altered immunity, the research presented herein highlights that several components of the MHC class II antigen processing and presentation machinery are glycated in metabolic conditions associated with increased oxidative stress, leading to qualitative and quantitative changes in the MHC class II immunopeptidome. To investigate the impact of T2D and metabolic syndrome on the proteome of antigen presenting cells (APCs) we isolated dendritic cells (DCs, which are key for the initiation of antigen-specific immunity) from the lymph nodes of Ob/Ob mice and syngeneic, age-matched control C57BL/6 (B6) mice and mapped the oxidized proteins at the molecular and cellular level by employing label-free mass spectrometry using at least three biologically independent whole lysates of DCs. Analysis of the type of post-translational modifications (PTMs) accumulated in the proteome from the combined three biological Ob/Ob samples ranked the formyl-lysine and site-specific carboxymethylation on lysine (CML) as the most abundant AGEs found in the glycated proteome; with CML having about two-fold increase in their total PTM-modified spectral counts in the Ob/Ob vs control dendritic cell proteome. Additional glycoxidation-specific PTMs, that mapped only on the Ob/Ob proteome, albeit at a smaller amount than CML and formyl lysine, were glyceryl lysine and 3-deoxyglucosone. Finally, a separate proteomic analysis, performed on gradient purified late endosomes also mapped an increased number of PTM-modified proteins in the Ob/Ob organelles. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis identified metabolic pathways as well as phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation and phagosome maturation amongst the top pathways including a higher number of proteins modified by AGEs or carbonylation in primary DCs from Ob/Ob vs. control mice. The site-specific amide-AGE modifications that we detected also mapped to proteins involved in response to DC signaling, immune cell trafficking, actin and cytoskeleton signaling, cell movement, and carbohydrate, nucleic acids and protein metabolism. Overall, these findings indicate that the DC proteome of Ob/Ob mice has an increased number of carbonyl PTMs and AGEs as compared to DC of C57BL/6 mice. The results presented herein are one of the first to map the redox mediated PTM in the primary mouse DC in healthy vs T2DM type syndrome physiological conditions.

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IL-12 induces myeloid cells in situ to cross-present antigen

Publications

IL-12 triggers a programmatic change in dysfunctional myeloid-derived cells within mouse tumors.

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