Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Maintenance of Hormone Responsiveness in Luminal Breast Cancers by Suppression of Notch

ABSTRACT: Luminal breast cancers express estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors and respond to hormone therapies. Basal-like “triple negative” (TN) cancers lack steroid receptors but are cytokeratin (CK) 5-positive and require chemotherapy. Here we show that over half of primary ER+PR+ breast cancers contain an ER–PR–CK5+ “luminobasal” subpopulation exceeding 1% of cells. Starting from ER+PR+ luminal cell lines, we generated novel lines with varying luminal to luminobasal-cell ratios and studied their molecular and biological properties. In luminal disease, luminobasal cells expand in response to antiestrogen or estrogen withdrawal therapies. The phenotype and gene signature of the hormone resistant cells matches that of clinical TN basal-like and claudin-low disease. Luminobasal-cell expansion in response to hormone therapies is regulated by Notch1 signaling and can be blocked by gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI). Our data establish a previously unrecognized plasticity of ER+PR+ luminal breast cancers that, without genetic manipulation, mobilizes outgrowth of hormone-resistant basal-like disease in response to treatment. This undesirable outcome can be prevented by combining endocrine therapies with Notch inhibition. 24 array samples

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Charles Perou

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-31870 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Maintenance of hormone responsiveness in luminal breast cancers by suppression of Notch.

Haughian James M JM Pinto Mauricio P MP Harrell J Chuck JC Bliesner Brian S BS Joensuu Kristiina M KM Dye Wendy W WW Sartorius Carol A CA Tan Aik Choon AC Heikkilä Päivi P Perou Charles M CM Horwitz Kathryn B KB

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20111003 8

Luminal breast cancers express estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors and respond to hormone therapies. Basal-like "triple negative" cancers lack steroid receptors but are cytokeratin (CK) 5-positive and require chemotherapy. Here we show that more than half of primary ER(+)PR(+) breast cancers contain an ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) "luminobasal" subpopulation exceeding 1% of cells. Starting from ER(+)PR(+) luminal cell lines, we generated lines with varying luminal to luminobasal cell ratios and ...[more]

PMID: 21969591

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Project description:Abstract Maspin is a tumor and metastasis suppressor playing an essential role as gatekeeper of tumor progression. It is highly expressed in epithelial cells but is silenced in the onset of metastatic disease by epigenetic mechanisms. Reprogramming of Maspin epigenetic silencing offers a therapeutic potential to lock metastatic progression. Herein we have investigated the ability of the Artificial Transcription Factor 126 (ATF-126) designed to upregulate the Maspin promoter to inhibit tumor progression in pre-established breast tumors in immunodeficient mice. ATF-126 was transduced in the aggressive, mesenchymal-like and triple negative breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231. Induction of ATF expression in vivo by Doxycycline resulted in 50% reduction in tumor growth and totally abolished tumor cell colonization. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles of ATF-induced cells revealed a gene signature that was found over-represented in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) “Normal-like” intrinsic subtype of breast cancer and in poorly aggressive, ER+ luminal A breast cancer cell lines. The comparison transcriptional profiles of ATF-126 and Maspin cDNA defined an overlapping 19-gene signature, comprising novel targets downstream the Maspin signaling cascade. Our data suggest that Maspin up-regulates downstream tumor and metastasis suppressor genes that are silenced in breast cancers, and are normally expressed in the neural system, including CARNS1, SLC8A2 and DACT3. In addition, ATF-126 and Maspin cDNA induction led to the re-activation of tumor suppressive miRNAs also expressed in neural cells, such as miR-1 and miR-34, and to the down-regulation of potential oncogenic miRNAs, such as miR-10b, miR-124, and miR-363. As expected from its over-representation in ER+ tumors, the ATF-126-gene signature predicted favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. Our results describe for the first time an ATF able to reduce tumor growth and metastatic colonization by epigenetic reactivation of a dormant, normal-like, and more differentiated gene program. A total of six cell lines were used for gene expression analyses: CONTROL –DOX, CONTROL +DOX, ATF-126 –DOX, ATF-126 +DOX (all with 3 technical replicates), p-RetoX-Tight-Maspin –DOX, and p-RetoX-Tight-Maspin +DOX (with 2 technical replicates). For each cell line, total RNA was purified, amplified, labeled, and hybridized [46] using Agilent Agilent 4X44K oligo microarrays (Agilent Technologies, United States). The probes/genes were filtered by requiring the lowest normalized intensity values in both –DOX and +DOX samples to be >10. The normalized log2 ratios (Cy5 sample/Cy3 control) of probes mapping to the same gene were averaged to generate independent expression estimates. We also used available microarrays from the breast cancer cell lines [21], the UNC337-patient [20], the MERGE 550-patient dataset [47] and the NKI (295 patients [48,49]). All microarray cluster analyses were displayed using Java Treeview version 1.1.3. Average-linkage hierarchical clustering was performed using Cluster v2.12 [50]. ANOVA tests for gene expression data were performed using R (http://cran.r-project.org).

Project description:Introduction: Over the past several years, we have been interested in understanding the mechanisms by which hormone-dependent (HD) mammary carcinomas grow in the absence of the stimulatory hormone. We have hypothesized that the stromal compartment plays a pivotal role in the acquisition of the hormone-independent (HI) phenotype by providing stimulatory factors that replace the proliferative effects of the hormone. Methods: We used DNA microarrays to compare the gene expression profiles of tumors from the MPA mouse breast cancer model, one hormone-dependent (C4-HD) and one hormone-independent (C4-HI), using whole tumor samples or laser-captured purified stromal and epithelial cells obtained from the same tumors. The expression of selected genes was validated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. Results: We identified 413 genes that were expressed in tumor stroma but not in epithelial cells. Eighty-five percent of these genes were upregulated, whereas the remaining 15% were downregulated in C4-HI tumors relative to their expression in the C4-HD tumor stroma. Several matrix metallopeptidases, including Mmp13, Mmp3, Mmp10 and Mmp9, were overexpressed in the C4-HI tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, 1100 genes were specifically expressed in the tumor parenchyma. Among them, the 29% were upregulated, whereas the remaining 71% were downregulated, in C4-HI relative to C4-HD tumor epithelium. Steap, Pdgfc, Runx2, Cxcl9 and Sdf2 were among the genes with high expression in the C4-HI tumor parenchyma. Interestingly, we found that Fgf2 was one of the few genes upregulated by MPA in C4-HD tumors, confirming its pivotal role in regulating tumor growth in this model. Conclusions: We demonstrate a gene expression profile that distinguishes epithelial from stromal cells in mammary tumors with different hormone dependence. Our results support the hypothesis that the tumor-associated stroma may contribute to hormone-independent tumor growth. The fact that Fgf2 was one of these few stimulatory genes is worth investigating. reference X sample

Dataset Information

Maintenance of Hormone Responsiveness in Luminal Breast Cancers by Suppression of Notch

Publications

Maintenance of hormone responsiveness in luminal breast cancers by suppression of Notch.

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