Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Cachexia-inducible Transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulated Clone-22 D4 controls acute hepatic lipid homeostasis.

ABSTRACT: To explore the molecular basis for TSC22D4 function in hepatic lipid homeostasis in vivo TSC22D4 was knocked down in the mouse liver using adenovirus and performed genome wide expression analysis. 1x10^9 plaque-forming units (pfu) per recombinant virus were administered via tail vein injection. Mice (C57Bl/6) were sacrificed 7 days after infection. Hepatic RNA was isolated and used for whole genome expression analysis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Carsten Sticht

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-33324 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Recent studies have reported that glycosphingolipids (GSL) might be involved in obesity induced insulin resistance. Those reports suggested that inhibition of GSL biosynthesis in animals ameliorated insulin sensitivity accompanied with improved glycemic control leading to decreased liver steatosis in obese mice. In addition, GSL depletion altered hepatic secretory function. In those studies, ubiquitously acting inhibitors for GSL-biosynthesis have been used to inhibit function of the enzyme Ugcg (UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase), catalyzing the first step of the glucosylceramide based GSL-synthesis pathway. In the present study, a genetic approach for GSL deletion in hepatocytes was chosen to achieve full inhibition of GSL synthesis and to prevent possible adverse effects caused by Ugcg-inhibitors. Using the Cre/loxP system under control of the albumin promoter, GSL biosynthesis in hepatocytes and their release into the plasma could be effectively blocked. Deletion of GSL in hepatocytes did not change quantity of bile excretion through the biliary duct. Total bile salt content in bile-, feces- and plasma from mutant mice showed no difference as compared to control animals. Cholesterol concentration in liver-, bile-, feces- and plasma-samples remained unaffected. Lipoprotein concentration in plasma-samples in mutant animals reached similar levels as in their control littermates. No alteration in glucose tolerance after intraperitoneal application of glucose and insulin appeared in mutant animals. A preventive effect of GSL-deficiency on development of liver steatosis after high fat diet feeding could not be observed. Conclusion: The data suggest that GSL in hepatocytes are not essential for sterol, glucose and lipoprotein metabolism and do not prevent high fat diet-induced liver steatosis, indicating that Ugcg inhibitors exert their effect on hepatocytes either independently of GSL or mediated by other (liver) cell types. Comparison of wildtype mouse liver function versus Ugcg-deficient

Project description:Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent alternatively activated (M2) macrophages that support tumor growth. Previously, we have described a special LYVE-1(+) M2 TAM subset in vitro and in vivo; gene profiling of this TAM subset identified MS4A8A as a novel TAM molecule expressed in vivo by TAM in mammary carcinoma and malignant melanoma. In vitro, Ms4a8a mRNA and MS4A8A protein expression was strongly induced in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by combining M2 mediators (IL-4, glucocorticoids) and tumor-conditioned media (TCM). Admixture of MS4A8A(+) TCM/IL-4/GC-treated BMDM significantly enhanced the tumor growth rate of subcutaneously transplanted TS/A mammary carcinomas. Upon forced overexpression of MS4A8A, Raw 264.7 macrophage-like cells displayed a special gene signature. Admixture of these MS4A8A(+) Raw 264.7 cells also significantly enhanced the tumor growth rate of subcutaneously transplanted mammary carcinomas. To identify the signaling pathways involved in synergistic induction of MS4A8A, the major signaling cascades with known functions in TAM were analyzed. Although inhibitors of NF-M-NM-:B activation and of the MAPK JNK and ERK did not show relevant effects, the p38M-NM-1/M-NM-2 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 strongly and highly significantly (p > 0.001) inhibited MS4A8A expression on mRNA and protein level. In addition, MS4A8A expression was restricted in M2 BMDM from mice with defective GC receptor (GR) dimerization indicating that classical GR gene regulation is mandatory for MS4A8A induction. In conclusion, expression of MS4A8A within the complex signal integration during macrophage immune responses may act to fine tune gene regulation. Furthermore, MS4A8A(+) TAM may serve as a novel cellular target for selective cancer therapy. A recombinant Ms4a8a cDNA was amplified by PCR (primer: Ms4a8a-SpeI-fw 5M-bM-^@M-^YATCGAATTCACTAGTAGCAAAGAGTTGGGAACCGGAGCAAGA3M-bM-^@M-^Y and Ms4a8a-NotI-rv: 5M-bM-^@M-^YATATGCGGCCGCTAGAGCATCTTTAT3M-bM-^@M-^Y) from Ms4a8a cDNA RZPDp981B0530D (IMAGE ID 905005), purified on agarose gel and subcloned after digestion with SpeI and NotI restriction enzymes into the expression vector pEF6/V5-His Topo (Invitrogen) according to standard molecular biology protocols. After confirming sequence identity, we transfected RAW264.7 cells with Ms4a8a vector DNA using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) transfection reagent. Transfectants were selected by resistance to blasticidin (Invitrogen). Raw264.7Ms4a8a clone K8 with recombinant Ms4a4a expression were propagated. As a negative control, a vector-transfected RAW264.7mock (clone K3) was selected under parallel culture conditions.

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Cachexia-inducible Transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulated Clone-22 D4 controls acute hepatic lipid homeostasis.

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