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Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Chronic Caloric Restriction Preserves Mitochondrial Function in Senescence Without Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis

ABSTRACT: Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition appears to mitigate many detrimental effects of aging, in particular the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Although the mechanisms responsible for this protective effect remain unclear, CR is commonly believed to increase mitochondrial biogenesis; a concept that is now demanding closer scrutiny. Here we show that lifelong CR in mice prevents age-related loss of mitochondrial function, measured in isolated mitochondria and permeabilized muscle fibers. We find that these beneficial effects of CR occur without increasing mitochondrial abundance. Furthermore, whole-genome expression profiling and large-scale proteomic surveys revealed expression patterns inconsistent with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. These observations, combined with lower protein synthesis rates support an alternative hypothesis that CR preserves mitochondrial function not by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, but rather by decreasing mitochondrial oxidant emission, increasing antioxidant scavenging, thereby minimizing oxidative damage to cellular components. Cross-sectional comparison of skeletal muscle from young (8mo), old (24mo) and old caloric restricted mice, obtained from the colony maintained on behalf of the National Institute on Aging.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Zhifu Sun

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-36285 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Chronic Caloric Restriction Preserves Mitochondrial Function in Senescence Without Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Project description:Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition appears to mitigate many detrimental effects of aging, in particular the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Although the mechanisms responsible for this protective effect remain unclear, CR is commonly believed to increase mitochondrial biogenesis; a concept that is now demanding closer scrutiny. Here we show that lifelong CR in mice prevents age-related loss of mitochondrial function, measured in isolated mitochondria and permeabilized muscle fibers. We find that these beneficial effects of CR occur without increasing mitochondrial abundance. Furthermore, whole-genome expression profiling and large-scale proteomic surveys revealed expression patterns inconsistent with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. These observations, combined with lower protein synthesis rates support an alternative hypothesis that CR preserves mitochondrial function not by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, but rather by decreasing mitochondrial oxidant emission, increasing antioxidant scavenging, thereby minimizing oxidative damage to cellular components.

2013-01-01 | GSE36285 | GEO

Skeletal muscle PGC-1a mediates mitochondrial, but not metabolic, changes during calorie restriction.

Project description:Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention that extends lifespan and healthspan in a variety of organisms. CR improves mitochondrial energy production, fuel oxidation and reactive oxygen species scavenging in skeletal muscle and other tissues, and these processes are thought to be critical to the benefits of CR. PGC-1a is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial function and is induced by CR. Consequently, many of the mitochondrial and metabolic benefits of CR are attributed to increased PGC-1a activity. To test this model for the first time, we examined the metabolic and mitochondrial response to CR in mice lacking skeletal muscle PGC-1a (MKO). Surprisingly, MKO mice demonstrated a normal improvement in glucose homeostasis in response to CR, indicating that skeletal muscle PGC-1a is dispensable for the whole-body benefits of CR. In contrast, gene expression profiling and electron microscopy demonstrated that PGC-1a is required for the full CR-induced increases in mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle. These results demonstrate that PGC-1a is a major regulator of the mitochondrial response to CR in skeletal muscle, but surprisingly show that neither PGC-1a nor mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle are required for the metabolic benefits of CR. Control (FLOX) and PGC-1a skeletal muscle specific knock out (MKO) mice were placed on a control diet [C] or a calorie restriction diet [CR] for 12 weeks. RNA was isolated from TA/EDL muscles for microarray analysis. The following numbers of mice were analyzed from each group: C FLOX: n = 6; C MKO: n = 7; CR FLOX: n = 6; CR MKO: n = 7. Mice were mixed C57/BL6 and 129 background.

2012-02-04 | E-GEOD-34773 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Skeletal muscle PGC-1a mediates mitochondrial, but not metabolic, changes during calorie restriction.

2012-02-04 | GSE34773 | GEO

Mitochondrial gene expression decline in aging is tissue-specific and independent of mitochondrial number

Project description:Aging is the progressive decline in organismal function that leads to an increased risk of multiple diseases and mortality. The molecular basis of this decline is unknown. Using quantitative PCR for mitochondrial mRNA from multiple tissues from the same animals, we found that the rate of change in mouse mitochondrial expression is tissue-specific, with cardiac expression declining early (8-10 months), adipose expression declining late (25-30 months), and no change in kidney or skin. In cardiac tissue, mitochondria-derived mRNA levels declined more slowly than nuclear encoded mRNAs, suggesting a potential dysregulation. These changes were independent of alteration in mitochondrial number, as measured by quantitative PCR of mitochondrial DNA and citrate synthase activity. We found no change in the variability between mitochondrial mRNA levels with age, suggesting that the changes are not due to random dysregulation at the level of gene expression. Caloric restriction (CR), a lifespan-extending intervention proposed to act through mitochondrial biogenesis, delayed the decline in both cardiac and adipose mitochondrial mRNA levels of F344 rats. CR caused an increase in citrate synthase activity but did not alter mitochondrial DNA content, indicating increased translation or reduced turnover of mitochondrial proteins. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial gene expression changes with age are not coupled to mitochondrial number, are likely to be regulated, and are governed by tissue-specific processes. These findings indicate that aging is neither a programmed organism-wide change orchestrated in a top-down fashion nor a product of random dysregulation of gene expression but that tissue-specific factors may independently control aging in different organ compartments. Keywords: aging Cardiac ventricle total RNA from 10 young (4-6 month) and 10 young (25-28 month) mice were compared.

2015-07-03 | E-GEOD-12480 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Elucidation of molecular and functional networks linked to sarcopenia prevention by caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys

Project description:Caloric restriction (CR) improves survival in nonhuman primates and delays the onset of age-related morbidities including sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. A shift in metabolism anticipates the onset of muscle aging phenotypes in nonhuman primates suggesting a potential role for metabolism in CR’s protective effects. Here we show that CR induced profound changes in muscle composition and the cellular metabolic environment. Bioinformatic analysis linked these adaptations to proteostasis, RNA processing, and lipid synthetic pathways. At the tissue level, CR maintained contractile content and attenuated age-related metabolic shifts among individual fiber types with higher mitochondrial activity, altered redox metabolism, and smaller lipid droplet size. Biometric and metabolic rate data confirm preserved metabolic efficiency in CR animals that correlated with attenuation of age-related muscle mass and physical activity. These data suggest that CR-induced reprogramming of metabolism plays a role in delayed aging of skeletal muscle in rhesus monkeys.

2019-12-11 | GSE139081 | GEO

Mitochondrial gene expression decline in aging is tissue-specific and independent of mitochondrial number

2015-07-03 | GSE12480 | GEO

Distinct and additive effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin in aging skeletal muscle [CR data set]

Project description:As global life expectancy continues to climb, maintaining skeletal muscle function is increasingly essential to ensure a good life quality for aging populations. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most potent and reproducible intervention to extend health and lifespan, but is largely unachievable in humans. Therefore, identification of “CR mimetics” has received much attention. Since CR targets nutrient-sensing pathways centering on mTORC1, rapamycin, the allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1, has been proposed as a potential CR mimetic and counteracts age-related muscle loss. Therefore, we tested whether rapamycin acts via similar mechanisms as CR to slow muscle aging. Contrary to our prediction, long-term CR and rapamycin-treated geriatric mice display distinct skeletal muscle gene expression profiles despite both conferring benefits to aging skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CR improved muscle integrity in a mouse with nutrient-insensitive sustained muscle mTORC1 activity and rapamycin provided additive benefits to CR in aging mouse muscles. Therefore, RM and CR exert distinct, compounding effects in aging skeletal muscle, opening the possibility of parallel interventions to counteract muscle aging.

2022-03-02 | GSE171322 | GEO

Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals enhanced PKA signaling in aged skeletal muscle is suppressed by caloric restriction

Project description:Although caloric restriction (CR) was first shown to extend the lifespan of rodents over 75 years ago, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Additionally, the majority of published studies have focused on the effects of short-term CR. To better understand cell signaling alterations in a tissue known to be highly impacted by CR, we sought to assess the impact of aging and lifelong CR on skeletal muscle protein phosphorylation dynamics. We performed phosphoproteomic analysis on skeletal muscle from young mice, old mice fed on an ad libitum diet, and old mice fed a CR diet. This analysis revealed distinct phosphoproteomic signatures associated with both aging and diet. Importantly, CR appeared to promote a signature that was more similar to young mice than old mice fed on an ad lib diet. From the phosphorylation measurements on its known substrates, we deciphered that aging promotes Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, and CR inhibits this signaling cascade. Given the demonstrated role of PKA signaling as a “pro-aging” pathway in various model organisms, including yeast and mice, we propose that CR exerts its longevity-enhancing effects partially via the suppression of this pathway.

2021-01-30 | PXD018455 | JPOST Repository

Mus musculus

Project description:Chronic Caloric Restriction Preserves Mitochondrial Function in Senescence Without Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis

| PRJNA153019 | ENA

Comparison of the long-term effects of calorie restriction without malnutrition on global gene expression profiles of rat and human skeletal muscle [Human]

Project description:With the population of older and overweight individuals on the rise in the Western world, there is an ever greater need to slow the aging processes and reduce the burden of age-associated chronic disease that would significantly improve the quality of human life and reduce economic costs. Caloric restriction (CR), is the most robust and reproducible intervention known to delay aging and to improve healthspan and lifespan across species (1); however, whether this intervention can extend lifespan in humans is still unknown. Here we report that rats and humans exhibit similar responses to long-term CR at both the physiological and molecular levels. CR induced broad phenotypic similarities in both species such as reduced body weight, reduced fat mass and increased the ratio of muscle to fat. Likewise, CR evoked similar species-independent responses in the transcriptional profiles of skeletal muscle. This common signature consisted of three key pathways typically associated with improved health and survival: IGF-1/insulin signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammation. To our knowledge, these are the first results to demonstrate that long-term CR induces a similar transcriptional profile in two very divergent species, suggesting that such similarities may also translate to lifespan-extending effects in humans as is known to occur in rodents. These findings provide insight into the shared molecular mechanisms elicited by CR and highlight promising pathways for therapeutic targets to combat age-related diseases and promote longevity in humans.

2013-08-01 | GSE38012 | GEO

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