Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Efficient Generation of Integration-free and Engraftable induced Neural Stem Cells (iNSC) from Epithelial-like Cells in Human Urine

ABSTRACT: Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold great promise in reparative therapy for neural diseases and injuries. However, the isolation of NSCs from either fetal or adult tissue and their application remain difficult due to ethical and immune-rejection concerns. One promising solution is to generate patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently differentiate them into NSCs. Alternatively, induced neurons (iN) can be generated directly from fibroblasts by retroviral delivery of neural specific transcription factors or miroRNAs. The later two approaches remain inefficient and with safety concerns. Here, we describe a process to generate, from epithelial-like cells present in human urine, integration free and engraftable NSCs (UiNSC) efficiently. Using an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors and microRNAs into human urine cells and subsequently culture them in a chemically defined medium supplemented with a cocktail of small molecules, we generated UiNSCs capable of proliferation and without the transgenes upon prolonged expansion. These transgene free UiNSCs express typical neural stem cell markers and are able to differentiate into all neuronal subtypes and glial cells in vitro and more importantly could engraft and differentiate in vivo upon transplantation into the brain of new born rat. Thus, our work provides an efficient and highly practical platform to generate patient specific NSCs for regenerative medicine. This is a general expression microarray design (NimbleGen platform). It includes 6 samples.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Guangjin Pan

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-36395 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The polycomb group protein Ezh2 is an epigenetic repressor of transcription originally found to prevent untimely differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. We previously demonstrated that Ezh2 is also expressed in multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs). We showed that Ezh2 expression is downregulated during NSC differentiation into astrocytes or neurons. However, high levels of Ezh2 remained present in differentiating oligodendrocytes until myelinating. This study aimed to elucidate the target genes of Ezh2 in NSCs and in premyelinating oligodendrocytes (pOLs). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing to detect the target genes of Ezh2 in NSCs and pOLs. We found 1532 target genes of Ezh2 in NSCs. During NSC differentiation, the occupancy of these genes by Ezh2 was alleviated. However, when the NSCs differentiated into oligodendrocytes, 393 of these genes remained targets of Ezh2. Analysis of the target genes indicated that the repressive activity of Ezh2 in NSCs concerns genes involved in stem cell maintenance, in cell cycle control and in preventing neural differentiation. Among the genes in pOLs that were still repressed by Ezh2 were most prominently those associated with neuronal and astrocytic committed cell lineages. Suppression of Ezh2 activity in NSCs caused loss of stem cell characteristics, blocked their proliferation and ultimately induced apoptosis. Suppression of Ezh2 activity in pOLs resulted in derangement of the oligodendrocytic phenotype, due to re-expression of neuronal and astrocytic genes, and ultimately in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data indicate that the epigenetic repressor Ezh2 in NSCs is crucial for proliferative activity and maintenance of neural stemness. During differentiation towards oligodendrocytes, Ezh2 repression continues particularly to suppress other neural fate choices. Ezh2 is completely downregulated during differentiation towards neurons and astrocytes allowing transcription of these differentiation programs. The specific fate choice towards astrocytes or neurons is apparently controlled by epigenetic regulators other than Ezh2. Examination of Ezh2 target sites in 2 different primary cells types

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Efficient Generation of Integration-free and Engraftable induced Neural Stem Cells (iNSC) from Epithelial-like Cells in Human Urine

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